MarketDecember 13
Company Profile

December 13

December 13 is the 347th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 18 days remain until the end of the year.

Events
Pre-16001076 – The city of Salerno surrenders to Robert Guiscard. Duke Gisulf continues his resistance in the citadel until May of the following year. • 1294Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit. • 1545 – The Council of Trent begins as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. • 1577 – Sir Francis Drake sets sail from Plymouth, England, on his round-the-world voyage. 1601–19001623The Plymouth Colony establishes the system of trial by 12-men jury in the American colonies. • 1636 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians, a date now considered the founding of the National Guard of the United States. • 1642Abel Tasman is the first recorded European to sight New Zealand. • 1643English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire. • 1758 – The English transport ship Duke William sinks in the North Atlantic, killing over 360 people. • 1769Dartmouth College is founded by the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock, with a royal charter from King George III, on land donated by Royal governor John Wentworth. • 1818Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch under pressure from the Ottoman Empire. • 1862American Civil War: At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee repulses attacks by Union Major General Ambrose Burnside on Marye's Heights, inflicting heavy casualties. • 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: The Second Battle of Fort McAllister ends with the fort being seized by Union forces under General William B. Hazen, threatening the city of Savannah with investment. 1901–present1937Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and slaughter hundreds of thousands of civilians. • 1938The Holocaust: The Neuengamme concentration camp opens in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, Germany. • 1939 – The Battle of the River Plate is fought off the coast of Uruguay; the first naval battle of World War II. The Kriegsmarine's Deutschland-class cruiser (pocket battleship) Admiral Graf Spee engages with three Royal Navy cruisers: , and . • 1943 – World War II: The Massacre of Kalavryta by German occupying forces in Greece. • 1949 – The Knesset votes to move the capital of Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. • 1957 – The 6.5 Farsinaj earthquake strikes Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII, causing at least 1,119 deaths and damaging over 5,000 homes. • 1959Archbishop Makarios III becomes the first President of Cyprus. • 1960 – While Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Brazil, his Imperial Bodyguard seizes the capital and proclaims him deposed and his son, Crown Prince Asfa Wossen, Emperor. • 1962NASA launches Relay 1, the first active repeater communications satellite in orbit. • 1967Constantine II of Greece attempts an unsuccessful counter-coup against the Regime of the Colonels. • 1968 – Brazilian President Artur da Costa e Silva issues AI-5 (Institutional Act No. 5), enabling government by decree and suspending habeas corpus. • 1972Apollo program: Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt begin the third and final extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "Moonwalk" of Apollo 17. To date they are the last humans to set foot on the Moon. • 1974Malta becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations. • 1974 – In the Vietnam War, the North Vietnamese forces launch their 1975 Spring Offensive (to 30 April 1975), which results in the final capitulation of South Vietnam. • 1977Air Indiana Flight 216 crashes near Evansville Regional Airport, killing 29, including the University of Evansville basketball team, support staff, and boosters of the team. • 1981 – General Wojciech Jaruzelski declares martial law in Poland, largely due to the actions by Solidarity. • 1982 – The 6.0 North Yemen earthquake shakes southwestern Yemen with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing 2,800, and injuring 1,500. • 1988PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat gives a speech at a UN General Assembly meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, after United States authorities refused to grant him a visa to visit UN headquarters in New York. • 1989The Troubles: Attack on Derryard checkpoint: The Provisional Irish Republican Army launches an attack on a British Army temporary vehicle checkpoint near Rosslea, Northern Ireland. Two British soldiers are killed and two others are wounded. • 1994Flagship Airlines Flight 3379 crashes in Morrisville, North Carolina, near Raleigh–Durham International Airport, killing 15. • 1995Banat Air Flight 166 crashes in Sommacampagna near Verona Villafranca Airport in Verona, Italy, killing 49. • 2001Indian Parliament attack: Sansad Bhavan, the building housing the Indian Parliament, is attacked by five Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists. Twelve people are killed, including the terrorists. • 2002European Union enlargement: The EU announces that Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia will become members on May 1, 2004. • 2003Iraq War: Operation Red Dawn: Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is captured near his home town of Tikrit. • 2007 – The Treaty of Lisbon is signed by the EU member states to amend both the Treaty of Rome and the Maastricht Treaty which together form the constitutional basis of the EU. The Treaty of Lisbon is effective from 1 December 2009. ==Births==
Births
Pre-16001272 – King Frederick III of Sicily (died 1337) • 1363Jean Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris (died 1429) • 1476Lucy Brocadelli, Dominican tertiary and stigmatic (died 1544) • 1484Paul Speratus, German Lutheran (died 1551) • 1491Martín de Azpilcueta, Spanish theologian and economist (died 1586) • 1499Justus Menius, German Lutheran pastor (died 1558) • 1521Pope Sixtus V (died 1590) • 1533Eric XIV of Sweden (died 1577) • 1553Henry IV of France (died 1610) • 1560Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, 2nd Prime Minister of France (died 1641) • 1585William Drummond of Hawthornden, Scottish poet (died 1649) 1601–19001640Robert Plot, English chemist and academic (died 1696) • 1662Francesco Bianchini, Italian astronomer and philosopher (died 1729) • 1678Yongzheng Emperor of China (died 1735) • 1720Carlo Gozzi, Italian playwright (died 1804) • 1724Franz Aepinus, German astronomer and philosopher (died 1802) • 1769James Scarlett Abinger, English judge (died 1844) • 1780Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, German chemist, invented the Döbereiner's lamp (died 1849) • 1784Archduke Louis of Austria (died 1864) • 1797Heinrich Heine, German journalist, poet, and critic (died 1856) • 1804Joseph Howe, Canadian journalist and politician, 5th Premier of Nova Scotia (died 1873) • 1814Ana Néri, Brazilian nurse and philanthropist (died 1880) • 1816Werner von Siemens, German engineer and businessman, founded Siemens (died 1892) • 1818Mary Todd Lincoln, 16th First Lady of the United States (died 1882) • 1830Mathilde Fibiger, Danish feminist, novelist and telegraphist (died 1892) • 1836Franz von Lenbach, German painter and academic (died 1904) • 1854Herman Bavinck, Dutch philosopher, theologian, and academic (died 1921) • 1856Svetozar Boroević, Croatian-Austrian field marshal (died 1920) • 1860Lucien Guitry, French actor (died 1925) • 1864Emil Seidel, American woodcarver and politician, 36th Mayor of Milwaukee (died 1947) • 1867Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist and author (died 1917) • 1870Edward LeSaint, American actor and director (died 1940) • 1871Emily Carr, Canadian painter and author (died 1945) • 1874Josef Lhévinne, Russian pianist and educator (died 1944) • 1882Jane Edna Hunter, African-American social worker (died 1971) • 1883Belle da Costa Greene, American librarian and bibliographer (died 1950) • 1884Aimilios Veakis, Greek actor, director, and playwright (died 1951) • 1885Annie Dale Biddle Andrews, American mathematician (died 1940) • 1887George Pólya, Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (died 1985) • 1887 – Alvin C. York, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1964) • 1895Lucía Sánchez Saornil, Spanish anarchist feminist (died 1970) • 1897Albert Aalbers, Dutch architect, designed the Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel (died 1961) • 1897 – Drew Pearson, American journalist and author (died 1969) • 1900Jonel Perlea, Romanian-American conductor and educator (died 1970) 1901–present1901Olev Roomet, Estonian singer, violinist, and bagpipe player (died 1987) • 1902Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek philosopher and politician, 138th Prime Minister of Greece (died 1986) • 1902 – Talcott Parsons, American sociologist and academic (died 1979) • 1903Ella Baker, American activist (died 1986) • 1903 – Carlos Montoya, Spanish guitarist and composer (died 1993) • 1905Ann Barzel, American writer and dance critic (died 2007) • 1906Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (died 1968) • 1906 – Laurens van der Post, South African-English soldier and author (died 1996) • 1908Elizabeth Alexander, English geologist, academic, and physicist (died 1958) • 1908 – Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira, Brazilian historian and activist (died 1995) • 1908 – Van Heflin, American film actor (died 1971) • 1911Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1999) • 1911 – Kenneth Patchen, American poet and painter (died 1972) • 1912Luiz Gonzaga, Brazilian singer-songwriter and accordion player (died 1989) • 1913Archie Moore, American boxer and actor (died 1998) • 1914Alan Bullock, English historian and author (died 2004) • 1914 – Larry Noble, English comedian and actor (died 1993) • 1915B. J. Vorster, South African lawyer and politician, 4th State President of South Africa (died 1983) • 1916Leonard Weisgard, American author and illustrator (died 2000) • 1919Hans-Joachim Marseille, German captain and pilot (died 1942) • 1920George P. Shultz, American economist and politician, 60th United States Secretary of State (died 2021) • 1921Turgut Demirağ, Turkish film producer, director and screenwriter (died 1987) • 1923Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2020) • 1923 – Larry Doby, American baseball player (died 2003) • 1925Dick Van Dyke, American actor, singer, and dancer • 1927James Wright, American poet and academic (died 1980) • 1928Solomon Feferman, American philosopher and mathematician (died 2016) • 1929Christopher Plummer, Canadian actor and producer (died 2021) • 1931Ida Vos, Dutch Jewish author of books for children and adults (died 2006) • 1933Paul Bracq, French automotive designer • 1934Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (died 2012) • 1935Türkan Saylan, Turkish physician and academic (died 2009) • 1936Prince Karim al-Husayn Shāh, Aga Khan IV, Swiss humanitarian and religious leader (died 2025) • 1936 – J. C. Martin, American baseball player • 1937Ron Taylor, Canadian physician and baseball player (died 2025) • 1938Gus Johnson, American basketball player (died 1987) • 1940Sanjaya Lall, Indian economist and academic (died 2005) • 1942Howard Brenton, English playwright and screenwriter • 1942 – Ferguson Jenkins, Canadian baseball player • 1945Herman Cain, American businessman, politician, and activist (died 2020) • 1948Jeff Baxter, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer • 1948 – Lillian Board, British athlete (died 1970) • 1948 – Ted Nugent, American musician • 1950Wendie Malick, American actress • 1952Junkyard Dog, American professional wrestler (died 1998) • 1952 – Muhsin Kenon, American basketball player • 1953Ben Bernanke, American economist • 1953 – Bob Gainey, Canadian ice hockey player • 1956Phil Hubbard, American basketball player and coach • 1957Steve Buscemi, American actor and director • 1957 – Morris Day, American musician and actor • 1959Johnny Whitaker, American actor • 1960Richard Dent, American football player • 1961Gary Zimmerman, American football player • 1962Rex Ryan, American football coach and analyst • 1964Krišjānis Kariņš, American-Latvian politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Latvia1965Petra Wimmer, Austrian politician • 1967Jamie Foxx, American actor, singer, songwriter, producer, and comedian • 1969Sergei Fedorov, Russian ice hockey player and coach • 1971Scott Sattler, Australian rugby league player • 1972Matti Kärki, Swedish heavy metal singer • 1975Tom DeLonge, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, author, and filmmaker • 1975 – James Kyson, American actor • 1978Cameron Douglas, American actor • 1981Amy Lee, American singer, songwriter and pianist • 1982Dan Hamhuis, Canadian ice hockey player • 1982 – Ricky Nolasco, American baseball player • 1983Laura Hodges, Australian basketball player • 1984Santi Cazorla, Spanish footballer • 1984 – Hanna-Maria Seppälä, Finnish freestyle swimmer • 1987James Holmes, American mass murderer • 1988Rickie Fowler, American golfer • 1989Hellen Obiri, Kenyan runner • 1989 – Katherine Schwarzenegger, American author • 1989 – Taylor Swift, American singer-songwriter • 1990Fletcher Cox, American football player • 1990 – Joseph Garrett, English YouTuber, actor, and author • 1990 – Arantxa Rus, Dutch tennis player • 1991Dave Leduc, Canadian martial artist • 1991 – Vladimir Tarasenko, Russian ice hockey player • 1993Danielle Collins, American tennis player • 1993 – Jamal Fogarty, Australian rugby league player • 1995Emma Corrin, English actor • 1996Gleyber Torres, Venezuelan baseball player • 1999Marina Bassols Ribera, Spanish tennis player • 2000Simona Waltert, Swiss tennis player • 2001Jayden Goodwin, Australian cricketer • 2002Brock Bowers, American football player • 2009Maddox Batson, American singer and songwriter ==Deaths==
Deaths
Pre-1600558Childebert I, Frankish king (born 496) • 769Du Hongjian, Chinese politician (born 709) • 838Pepin I of Aquitaine (born 797) • 859Angilbert II, archbishop of Milan1124Pope Callixtus II (born 1065) • 1126Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria (born 1075) • 1204Maimonides, Spanish rabbi and philosopher (born 1135) • 1250Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1194) • 1272Bertold of Regensburg, German preacher • 1404Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (born 1336) • 1466Donatello, Italian painter and sculptor (born 1386) • 1516Johannes Trithemius, German cryptographer and historian (born 1462) • 1521Manuel I of Portugal (born 1469) • 1557Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia, Italian mathematician and engineer (born 1499) • 1565Conrad Gessner, Swiss botanist and physician (born 1516) 1601–19001621Katarina Stenbock, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (born 1535) • 1671Antonio Grassi, Italian Roman Catholic priest(born 1592) • 1716Charles de La Fosse, French painter (born 1640) • 1721Alexander Selkirk, Scottish sailor (born 1676) • 1729Anthony Collins, English philosopher and author (born 1676) • 1754Mahmud I, Ottoman sultan (born 1696) • 1758Noël Doiron, Canadian Acadia leader (born 1684) • 1769Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and hymn-writer (born 1715) • 1783Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin, Swedish astronomer and demographer (born 1717) • 1784Samuel Johnson, English poet and lexicographer (born 1709) • 1814Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne, Belgian-Austrian field marshal (born 1735) • 1849Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg, German botanist and entomologist (born 1766) • 1862Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, American general, lawyer, and politician (born 1823) • 1863Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (born 1813) • 1868Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist and explorer (born 1794) • 1881August Šenoa, Croatian author and poet (born 1838) • 1883Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (born 1812) • 1893Georg August Rudolph, German lawyer and politician, 3rd Mayor of Marburg (born 1816) • 1895Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist and engineer (born 1800) 1901–present1908Augustus Le Plongeon, French photographer and historian (born 1825) • 1911Reggie Duff, Australian cricketer (born 1878) • 1919Woldemar Voigt, German physicist and academic (born 1850) • 1922Arthur Wesley Dow, American painter and photographer (born 1857) • 1922 – Hannes Hafstein, Icelandic poet and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Iceland (born 1861) • 1924Samuel Gompers, English-born American labor leader, founded the American Federation of Labor (born 1850) • 1927Mehmet Nadir, Turkish mathematician and academic (born 1856) • 1929Rosina Heikel, Finnish physician (born 1842) • 1930Fritz Pregl, Slovenian-Austrian chemist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1869) • 1931Gustave Le Bon, French psychologist, sociologist, and anthropologist (born 1840) • 1932Georgios Jakobides, Greek painter and sculptor (born 1853) • 1935Victor Grignard, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1871) • 1942Wlodimir Ledóchowski, Austrian-Polish religious leader, 26th Superior-General of the Society of Jesus (born 1866) • 1942 – Robert Robinson Taylor, American architect (born 1868) • 1944Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-French painter and theorist (born 1866) • 1945Irma Grese, German concentration camp guard (born 1923) • 1945 – Josef Kramer, German concentration camp commandant (born 1906) • 1945 – Elisabeth Volkenrath, Polish-German concentration camp supervisor (born 1919) • 1947Henry James, American lawyer and author (born 1879) • 1947 – Nicholas Roerich, Russian archaeologist, painter, and philosopher (born 1874) • 1950Abraham Wald, Hungarian mathematician and academic (born 1902) • 1954John Raymond Hubbell, American director and composer (born 1879) • 1955Egas Moniz, Portuguese psychiatrist and neurosurgeon, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1874) • 1960Dora Marsden, English author and activist (born 1882) • 1961Grandma Moses, American painter (born 1860) • 1962Harry Barris, American singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1905) • 1969Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Philippines (born 1886) • 1973Henry Green, English author (born 1905) • 1974Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu, Egyptian-Turkish journalist, author, and politician (born 1889) • 1975Cyril Delevanti, English-American actor (born 1889) • 1975 – Addie Viola Smith, American lawyer and trade commissioner (born 1893) • 1977Oguz Atay, Turkish engineer and author (born 1934) • 1979Jon Hall, American actor and director (born 1915) • 1979 – Behçet Necatigil, Turkish author, poet and translator (born 1916) • 1983Alexander Schmemann, Estonian-American priest and theologian (born 1921) • 1983 – Nichita Stănescu, Romanian poet and critic (born 1933) • 1986Heather Angel, British-American actress (born 1909) • 1986 – Ella Baker, American activist (born 1903) • 1986 – Smita Patil, Indian actress and journalist (born 1955) • 1992K. C. Irving, Canadian businessman (born 1899) • 1992 – Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, American businessman and philanthropist (born 1899) • 1993Vanessa Duriès, French author (born 1972) • 1995Ann Nolan Clark, American author and educator (born 1896) • 1996Edward Blishen, English author and educator (born 1920) • 1997Don E. Fehrenbacher, American historian, author, and academic (born 1920) • 1998Lew Grade, Ukrainian-born British impresario and media proprietor (born 1906) • 1998 – Richard Thomas, Royal Naval Officer (born 1922) • 1998 – Wade Watts, civil rights activist (born 1919) • 2002Zal Yanovsky, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist who founded The Lovin' Spoonful (born 1944) • 2004David Wheeler, English computer scientist and academic (born 1927) • 2005Alan Shields, American painter and ferryboat captain (born 1944) • 2006Lamar Hunt, American businessman, co-founded the American Football League and World Championship Tennis (born 1932) • 2016Alan Thicke, Canadian actor, songwriter, game and talk-show host (born 1947) • 2018Noah Klieger, Holocaust survivor who became an award-winning Israeli journalist (born 1926) • 2022Stephen "tWitch" Boss, American dancer and media personality (born 1982) • 2024Lorraine O'Grady, American artist (born 1934) • 2025Juan José Zerboni, Mexican actor (born 1953) ==Holidays and observances==
Holidays and observances
. • Christian feast day: • St Antiochus of Sulcis • Blessed Francesco MarinoniSt Odile of Alsace ==References==
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