2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election

Background Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties, led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. The caucus allowed senators to vote, declining to adopt the provisions of the Reform Act that would have only allowed MPs to vote. The caucus chose Rona Ambrose, MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland, Alberta and former Minister of Health, as interim leader at its first meeting on November 5, 2015, in a vote by preferential ballot. Ambrose, as the interim leader, also served as Leader of the Official Opposition in the Parliament of Canada until a permanent leader was chosen. She defeated Candice Bergen, Diane Finley, Mike Lake, Rob Nicholson, Erin O'Toole, and the joint ticket of Denis Lebel and Michelle Rempel in the caucus vote. Under the party's constitution, Ambrose, as the interim leader, could not run for the permanent position. Leadership election timing Following Harper's resignation, debate emerged within the Conservative Party regarding the timing of the leadership election. Some members of the party's national council called for a leadership convention as early as May 2016 according to ''Maclean's'' magazine. However, interim leader Rona Ambrose said there was a consensus among the party's caucus that the leadership election should not be rushed and should be held sometime in 2017. In a December 2015 interview, Ambrose said the party would take its time allowing all members, including those not already involved in politics, to build a strong candidacy. "If we take a little extra time, that will mean we'll have a better leadership race." The Conservative Party's Leadership Election Organizing Committee (LEOC) met at Toronto's Albany Club January 15–17, 2016 to discuss the process for the Party to elect its next leader. Among its decisions, LEOC selected May 27, 2017, for Conservative Party members to elect their next leader. Aftermath Subsequent to the election, fourth placed candidate Brad Trost and his campaign were fined $50,000 by the Conservative Party of Canada for allegedly leaking the party's membership list to the National Firearms Association. Trost denied that he or any of his staff leaked the list. On February 11, 2019, the Conservative Party released a statement from its Leadership Election Organizing Committee (LEOC) which concluded: "In short, LEOC does not believe there is evidence that the Trost Campaign was responsible for leaking of the membership list...." The fine was therefore removed from the Brad Trost Campaign. Trost went on to lose renomination as the party candidate for his riding during the 43rd Federal election on March 10, 2018, to Corey Tochor, former speaker of the Saskatchewan Legislature. In addition, the result of the leadership race and party handling was questioned by some supporters of such as runner-up Maxime Bernier and fifth place candidate Kellie Leitch due to discrepancies in the final ballot count, specifically a gap between the number of ballots cast and the announced result – a 7,466 vote discrepancy, which is greater than Andrew Scheer's 7,049 votes margin of victory in the final round. There was criticism over the exact role of the accounting firm Deloitte during the voting process – a deal revealed that Deloitte was not specifically tasked with auditing the vote but "observe" the counting process. It was also reported that some of Brad Trost's supporters contravened the Elections Act and party membership rules by offering incentives to vote. Dimitri Soudas, a former Stephen Harper aide, pointed out that it violated election rules and it benefited Scheer's campaign but the ballots have been destroyed so the results stood. ==Rules and voting system==

Only party members in good standing at 5pm Eastern Time on March 28, 2017, were allowed to vote. The fee for a party membership was raised from $15 to $25, an increase that was reversed on April 23, 2016, after criticisms that the move was "elitist". Membership fees could only be paid via personal cheque or credit card. Cash payments were not permitted. This new requirement was intended to prevent the election being dominated by new members, and to prevent anyone other than the individual member, such as a candidate's campaign, from signing up scores of members and paying the membership fees in cash out of campaign funds. Despite this, the Conservative Party confirmed irregularities with 1,351 memberships connected to prepaid credit cards that it subsequently struck from its membership roll. Voting was on a one member one vote basis using a ranked ballot; however votes were calculated so that each electoral district had equal weight with each electoral district allocated 100 points. Candidates were assigned a point total based on his or her percentage of the vote in each electoral district. To win, a candidate must receive at least 16,901 points which would be a majority. To register, candidates must: • pay an additional $50,000 compliance deposit, by December 31, 2016, or when filing nomination for those who register in 2017, which is refundable provided the candidate complies with campaign rules. Candidates are allowed to spend a maximum of $5 million on their campaigns. ==Timeline==

and Andrew Scheer walking down the stairs at Parliament Hill, May 30, 2017. • October 19, 2015 – Federal election results in defeat of Conservative government. As Harper spoke to supporters in Calgary, making no reference to his future, a statement was released by the party announcing Harper's resignation as party leader and his request that an interim leader be chosen to lead the party in parliament until a leadership election can be held. • November 4, 2015 – Harper resigns as prime minister; Liberal government led by Justin Trudeau sworn in. • November 5, 2015 – Conservative caucus held its first meeting since the 2015 federal election and chose former health minister Rona Ambrose interim leader of the party. • December 4–5, 2015 – National Council meets, 20-member Leadership Election Organization Committee appointed, including seven members of the National Council and MP Diane Finley, all of whom have pledged to be neutral during the leadership campaign; Dan Nowlan is appointed the committee's chair. • May 26–28, 2016 – Conservative Party national policy convention, held at the Vancouver Convention Centre, voted on policy resolutions and elected the party president and other officials. An attempt to change the party constitution to allow the party's interim leader, Rona Ambrose, to seek the permanent leadership is defeated. • September 12, 2016 – Former Foreign Minister Peter MacKay, who had been leading public opinion polls as the most popular potential leader, announces that he will not be a candidate for the party's leadership. • November 2, 2016 – Only those who have registered as candidates by this date, including having paid at least $25,000 of the candidate deposit, are permitted to participate in the first leadership debate, to be held the following week. 12 candidates meet this deadline. • November 9, 2016 – First of five official leadership debates organized by the LEOC, held in Saskatoon. • November 13, 2016 – Leadership debate organized by the Carleton Conservative Association, held in Greely, Ontario • December 6, 2016 – Second official debate held in Moncton in English and French. • December 31, 2016 – Deadline for candidates who filed their nomination papers in 2016 to have paid $50,000 compliance fee. • January 17, 2017, 6:30 pm – Third official debate held in Quebec City in French at the Quebec Convention Centre. The themes covered will be government and taxes. • February 4, 2017 – Leadership debate organized by the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia was held in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The first debate involving well-known businessman Kevin O'Leary. • February 24, 2017, 5pm ET (UTC-5) – Nomination period closes; deadline for candidates to pay any remaining balance of entrance fee. • February 28, 2017 – Fourth official debate, held in Edmonton at the Maclab Theatre in English and French. • March 28, 2017, 5pm ET (UTC-4) – Members who have joined by this date are eligible to vote. • May 27, 2017 – In-person voting at Toronto Congress Centre and 14 polling stations across the country until 4 pm ET (UTC-5). Advance and in-person ballots counted; results announced. ==Full results==

Provincial summary Analysis According to raw voting figures, Scheer received 62,593 votes on the final ballot compared to 55,544 votes for Bernier with 23,000 voters who had voted in the first round ranking neither Scheer or Bernier in their ranked ballot. Votes were apportioned among ridings so that each riding was allocated 100 points, regardless of the number of voters, resulting in 17,222.20 points (50.95%) for Scheer and 16,577.80 points (49.05%) for Bernier. ==Debates==

Candidates who paid their entrance fee and compliance deposit and filed their nomination papers: ===Chris Alexander=== ;Background Chris Alexander, 48, is the former Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (2013–2015), Parliamentary Secretary to Minister of National Defence (2011– 2013) and the former MP for Ajax—Pickering, Ontario (2011–2015). Prior to entering politics, he served as a member of Canada's foreign diplomatic service, most notably in the Canadian Embassy in Moscow and as the Canadian Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2003 to 2005. From 2005 to 2009 he held the post of Deputy Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General for Afghanistan. In addition to English, he is fluent in both French and Russian languages. :Date campaign announced: October 12, 2016 ;Endorsements • Former MPs: (1) Yuri Shymko (Parkdale, 1978–1979) He believes that immigration is the key to "economic growth." ===Maxime Bernier=== {{multiple image ;Background Maxime Bernier, 54, was the MP for Beauce, Quebec (2006–2019) and was the Shadow Minister of Innovation (2015–2016). He served in the Harper government as Minister of State for Small Business and Tourism (2011–2015), Minister of Foreign Affairs (2007–2008), and Minister of Industry (2006–2007), Bernier is considered an advocate of limited government and has been compared to a Libertarian. He has been nicknamed "Mad Max", the "Bloc-buster", or the "Albertan from Quebec" by his Ottawa colleagues. Prior to entering federal politics in 2006, Bernier, a lawyer by training, was vice-president of the Standard Life of Canada Insurance company, MEI, and manager of corporate and international relations at the Commission des valeurs mobilières du Québec. :Date candidacy announced: April 7, 2016 ;Policies: • Running a campaign based on individual freedom, personal responsibility, respect and fairness. Expects support around the ideas/policies he is placing in the campaigns. • Calls for smaller government, lower taxes everywhere, paying down the national debt, increasing investments, increase pipeline developments, and opening up markets. Opposes bailout to any corporation, and use of "corporate welfare" (business subsidies). Supports the decriminalization/legalization of marijuana Wants to allow MPs to vote their conscience and get rid of omnibus bills. • Phasing control of Canada Health Transfer to the provinces for health care by replacing it with a health transfer point systems, encourage provinces to move away from a single-payer healthcare system to a two-tier healthcare system, balance the budget within two years then reduce the number of tax brackets from five to three, increase basic exemption from $11,474 to $15,000 being paid by "boutique" tax credits. Supports abolishing capital gains taxes, and lowering corporate taxes to 10% by getting rid of corporate welfare. • Opposes a "Canadian values" test on the basis that it is logistically ineffective to fight terrorism. Abolish the Canadian Radio-television Telecommunications Commission, privatizing Canada Post Corporation, phasing out supply management on dairy and poultry, Ending inter-provincial barriers as a priority. • He also wants to "break" Quebec's maple syrup cartel and wants to allow foreign ownership for the airline industry. Bernier believes first nation communities need to be consulted before the Indian Act needs to be "abolished, or changed." Opposes federal control overreaching into other jurisdictions. Create stricter foreign aid standards and phase out development aid. ===Steven Blaney=== {{multiple image ;Background Steven Blaney, 52, was the Shadow Minister of Public Works and Government Services (2015–2016) for the Conservative Opposition, and is the former Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (2013–2015), Minister of Veterans Affairs (2011–2013). He was the MP for Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis, Quebec (2015–2021) and Lévis—Bellechasse, Quebec (2006–2015). :Date campaign announced: October 23, 2016 ;Endorsements ;MPs: ;Senators: (2) • Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu (Quebec), • Jean-Guy Dagenais (Quebec) ;Provincial politicians: ;Municipal politicians: ;Former MPs: ;Former Senators: ;Former provincial politicians: ;Former municipal politicians: ;Other prominent individuals: ;Organizations: ;Media: ;Policies: Supports banning the wearing of the niqab while voting, taking the citizenship oath, or by federal public servants, Also advocates testing of would be citizens on "their understanding and appreciation of Canada's core principles." He wants to "beef up" screening. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party at the time of the merger. ;Policies: • Advocates modernizing democratic institutions and strengthening the independence of MPs and parliamentary committees. • Supports introducing a revenue neutral carbon tax. Chong's plan would phase in a carbon tax over a decade, while immediately cutting taxes by $18 billion and getting rid of green regulations and subsidies. • Believes that Canada needs an evidence-based immigration policy that would put economic interests at the forefront. He has criticized face-to-face values screening as a divisive tactic. She is an orthopaedic pediatric surgeon at SickKids Hospital and an associate professor at the University of Toronto. :Date campaign announced: April 6, 2016 ;Policies: • Supports the decriminalization, but not legalization, of marijuana. Opposes a national tax on carbon emissions. Has suggested screening prospective immigrants using a "Canadian values" test. Described Donald J. Trump's win of the American presidency as an "exciting message and one that we need delivered in Canada as well." Urged by hundreds of health professionals to honour her medical oath and work against Canada's controversial asbestos industry, remained silent on the issue. Calls for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to be defunded and dismantled with the exception of the provision of emergency services to rural and remote parts of Canada. ===Pierre Lemieux=== ;Background Pierre Lemieux, 54, is the former MP for Glengarry—Prescott—Russell, Ontario (2006–2015). In the Harper government he was the Parliamentary Secretary for Official Languages (2007–2008), Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture (2008–2015), and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Veterans Affairs (2015). :Date campaign announced: August 22, 2016 ;Policies: • Running as a social conservative, highlighting his opposition to abortion and same-sex marriage. ===Deepak Obhrai=== ;Background Deepak Obhrai, 66, was the MP for Calgary Forest Lawn, Alberta (2015–2019), and represented Calgary East, Alberta (1997–2015), was Shadow Minister of International Development (2015–2016), and was the Dean of the Conservative Caucus. In the Harper government he was the Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs (2006–2015). Obhrai was a member of the Canadian Alliance at the time of the merger. :Date campaign announced: July 14, 2016 ;Endorsements ;MPs: ;Senators: ;Provincial politicians: ;Municipal politicians: ;Former MPs: (2) • Corneliu Chisu (Pickering—Scarborough East, 2011–2015) • Joe Daniel (Don Valley East, 2011–2015) ;Former Senators: ;Former provincial politicians: ;Former municipal politicians: ;Other prominent individuals: ;Organizations: (1) • Canadian Taxpayers Federation Generation Screwed project • Martin Shields (MP for Bow River) ;Policies: • Advocates a more inclusive party. :Date campaign announced: October 14, 2016 ;Policies: O'Toole policies wants to give tax credits for youth underemployment and student debt. He was a member of the Progressive Conservatives at the time of the merger. :Date campaign announced: October 18, 2016 • Karen Mortfield (Press Secretary to the Ontario PC Leader, 1990–1993) ;Organizations: (1) • Canadian Taxpayers Federation Generation Screwed project Supports boosting terrorist surveillance and enhance security screening for immigrants. • Would reform health care provincial transfer payments and equalization payments. • Calls for Canada Revenue Agency to withdraw from Quebec and to transfer the administration and collection of the income tax in the province to Revenue Quebec. • Would take Canada out of the UN firearms marking scheme and to allow open carry of restricted firearms in the bush. Received a rating of C− from the Canadian Coalition for Firearm Rights for his policies and a rating of C from the National Firearms Association. ===Lisa Raitt=== ;Background Lisa Raitt, 49, was the MP for Milton, Ontario (2015–2019), previously Halton, Ontario (2008–2015) and the former Shadow Minister of Finance (2015–2016), Minister of Transport (2013–2015), Minister of Labour (2010–2013), Minister of Natural Resources (2008–2010), President and CEO of the Toronto Port Authority (2002–2008). Stepped down from shadow cabinet on October 14, 2016, to prepare for leadership bid. :Date campaign announced: November 2, 2016 ;Policies: Opposes Leitch's proposal to screen immigrants for "anti-Canadian values". She will "introduce balanced budgets, repeal carbon pricing legislation and prioritize the development of Canada's natural resources." ;Endorsements ;MPs: ;Senators: ;Provincial politicians: ;Municipal politicians: ;Former MPs: (3) • Joyce Bateman (Winnipeg South Centre, 2011–2015) • John Duncan (Vancouver Island North, 1993–2006, 2008–2015) • John Fraser (Vancouver South, 1972–1993; Speaker of the House of Commons, 1986–1993) ;Former Senators: (1) • Noël Kinsella (New Brunswick, 1990–2014; Speaker of the Senate, 2006–2014) ;Former provincial politicians: ;Former municipal politicians: ;Other prominent individuals: ;Organizations: (1) • Canadian Taxpayers Federation Generation Screwed project ;Policies: Running as an "unapologetic" Conservative who can unite all wings of the party. He is "committed" to lower taxes, Scheer is pro-life, but doesn't intend to bring any legislation on the topic. :Date campaign announced: August 16, 2016 ;Endorsements ;MPs: ;Senators: ;Provincial politicians: ;Municipal politicians: ;Former MPs: (2) • Leon Benoit (Vegreville—Wainwright, 1993–2015), ;Former provincial politicians: ;Former municipal politicians: ;Other prominent individuals: ;Organizations: (2) • Campaign Life Coalition, Advocates privatization of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. ==Withdrawn candidates==

===Tony Clement=== ;Background Tony Clement, , is the MP for Parry Sound-Muskoka, Ontario (2006–2019) and has been Shadow Minister of Foreign Affairs (2015–2016), President of the Treasury Board (2011–2015), Minister of Industry (2008–2011), Minister of Health (2006–2008), and a 2004 leadership candidate, placing third. He was an MPP in the Ontario legislature (1995–2003) and a provincial cabinet minister (1997–2003) under Premiers Mike Harris and Ernie Eves. Clement also ran for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in 2002, placing third. :Date campaign announced: July 12, 2016 :Date withdrawn: October 12, 2016 ;Endorsements ;MPs: ;Senators: (1) • Leo Housakos (Quebec; Speaker of the Senate, 2015) ;Provincial politicians: ;Municipal politicians: ;Former MPs: (1) • Brad Butt (Mississauga—Streetsville, 2011–2015) ;Former Senators: ;Former provincial politicians: (1) • Gary Mar (Alberta MLA for Calgary Nose Creek, 1993–2004, and Calgary-Mackay, 2004–2007) ;Former municipal politicians: (1) • Stephen Sparling (Halton Regional Councillor for Oakville, 1991–2000) ;Other prominent individuals: (2) • Sandra Buckler (Director of Communications, Prime Minister's Office 2006–2008), ;Organizations: ;Media: ;Other information: • Said he would bring in coherent environmental policies in the wake of the Paris climate change accord, end government subsidies to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Daniel Lindsay ;Background Daniel Lindsay, 60, president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba, radiologist, has done five tours as a civilian medical specialist with the Canadian Armed Forces, including in Kandahar, Afghanistan. :Date campaign announced: May 25, 2016 :Date withdrawn: December 28, 2016 ;Endorsements ;MPs: ;Senators: (1) • Betty Unger (Alberta) ;Provincial politicians: ;Municipal politicians: ;Former MPs: ;Former Senators: ;Former provincial politicians: ;Former municipal politicians: ;Other prominent individuals: ;Organizations: ;Media: ;Other information: Withdrew after he was unable to fundraise enough money to meet December 31 deadline for paying the party the $50,000 leadership campaign compliance fee. ;Policies: O'Leary supported using a "big stick" federally in order to bring provincial governments in-line with federal policies, cutting waste in military spending, supports a peacekeeping role for the military, cutting carbon emissions through criminal sanctions rather than a carbon tax, supports current immigration policy but also wishes to "fast-track" the citizenship applications of skilled immigrants, asserted he would support LGBTQI people, legalize marijuana and defend reproductive rights. :Date withdrawn: April 26, 2017 As his withdrawal took place after the deadline, O'Leary remained on the final leadership ballot. Adrienne Snow ;Background Adrienne Snow, 49, Toronto-based communications consultant, former director of policy for National Foundation for Family Research and Education. Former executive director of Centre for the Study of Civic Renewal. Announced on August 23, 2016, that she intended to be a candidate but failed to register and announced in January that she was ending her campaign. :Date campaign announced: August 23, 2016 ==Declined==

• Rona Ambrose – Interim Leader of the CPC and Leader of the Official Opposition (2015–2017), MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland (2015–2017) and Edmonton—Spruce Grove, Alberta (2004–2015), Minister of Health (2013–2015), Minister of Public Works and Government Services (2010–2013), Minister of Labour (2008–2010), Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (2007–2008), Minister of the Environment (2006–2007). Ambrose is barred from running for permanent leader due to her position as interim leader and has declined interest in the permanent position. • John Baird – MP for Ottawa West—Nepean, Ontario (2006–2015), Minister of Foreign Affairs (2011–2015), Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (2010–2011), Minister of the Environment (2007–2008, 2010–2011), Minister of Transport (2008–2010), President of the Treasury Board, (2006–2007), Ontario Progressive Conservative Party MPP (1995–2005) and provincial cabinet minister (1999–2003). • Candice Bergen – Opposition House Leader (2016–2020), Shadow Minister of Natural Resources (2015–2016), State for Social Development (2013–2015), MP for Portage—Lisgar, Manitoba (2008–2023). • Paul Calandra – Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister of Canada and for Intergovernmental Affairs (2013–2015), MP for Oak Ridges—Markham, Ontario (2008–2015) Endorsed Scheer. • Jean Charest – Premier of Quebec (2003–2012), Leader of the Quebec Liberal Party (1998–2012), Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1993–1998), Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (1993), Minister of the Environment (1991–1993), MP for Sherbrooke (1984–1998) • Christy Clark – Premier of British Columbia (2011–2017), Leader of the B.C. Liberal Party (2011–2017) • Gérard Deltell – Quebec lieutenant and Shadow Finance Minister (2016–2017), Shadow Minister of Employment and Workforce Labour (2015–2016), MP for Louis-Saint-Laurent, Quebec (2015–present), Quebec MNA for Chauveau (2008–2015) and leader of the Action démocratique du Québec (2009–2012). Endorsed O'Toole. • Ed Fast – Shadow Minister for the Environment (2015–2019), MP for Abbotsford, British Columbia (2006–2025), Minister of International Trade (2011–2015). Endorsed O'Toole. • Doug Ford – former Toronto city councillor (2010–2014) and mayoral candidate (2014). • Daniel Fournier – real estate development and investor. • Jason Kenney – Chair of Shadow Cabinet Committee on Strategic Operations (2015–2016), MP for Calgary Midnapore, Alberta (2015–2016) and Calgary Southeast, Alberta (1997–2015), Minister of National Defence (2015), Minister for Multiculturalism (2013–2015), Minister of Employment and Social Development (2013–2015), Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (2008–2013) • Bernard Lord – Premier of New Brunswick (1999–2006), Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick (1997–2006) • Peter MacKay – MP for Central Nova, Nova Scotia (2004–2015) and Pictou—Antigonish—Guysborough, Nova Scotia (1997–2004), Minister of Justice and Attorney General (2013–2015), Minister of National Defence (2007–2013), Minister of Foreign Affairs (2006–2007), Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party (2003) • Caroline Mulroney – investment management executive, daughter of former prime minister Brian Mulroney. • Mark Mulroney – head of capital equity markets at the National Bank of Canada, son of former prime minister Brian Mulroney. • James Moore – MP for Port Moody—Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam, British Columbia (2000–2004) and Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam, British Columbia (2004–2015), Minister of Industry (2013–2015), Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages (2008–2013). Elected as a Canadian Alliance MP in 2000.