As an intermediate The enzyme
4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating) transforms
4-methoxybenzoate, an electron acceptor AH2 and O2 into 4-hydroxybenzoate, formaldehyde, the reduction product A and H2O. This enzyme participates in
2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation in
Pseudomonas putida. The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase uses
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, NAD+ and H2O to produce 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADH and H+. This enzyme participates in
toluene and
xylene degradation in bacteria such as
Pseudomonas mendocina. It is also found in carrots (
Daucus carota). The enzyme that
2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase transforms
2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone and O2 into 4-hydroxybenzoate and
formate. This enzyme participates in
bisphenol A degradation. It can be found in
Alcaligenes species. The enzyme
4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase uses
4-chlorobenzoate and H2O to produce 4-hydroxybenzoate and
chloride. It can be found in
Pseudomonas species. The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase utilizes
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA and H2O to produce 4-hydroxybenzoate and CoA. This enzyme participates in
2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation. It can be found in
Pseudomonas species. The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase uses a polyprenyl diphosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoate to produce diphosphate and
4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate. This enzyme participates in
ubiquinone biosynthesis. The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase utilizes
geranyl diphosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoate to produce
3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and diphosphate. Biosynthetically,
alkannin is produced in plants from the intermediates 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and
geranyl pyrophosphate. This enzyme is involved in
shikonin biosynthesis. It can be found in
Lithospermum erythrorhizon. The enzyme
3-hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase uses ATP,
3-hydroxybenzoate and CoA to produce AMP, diphosphate and
3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA. The enzyme works equally well with 4-hydroxybenzoate. It can be found in
Thauera aromatica.
Biodegradation The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NAD(P)H, 2 H+ and O2 into
hydroquinone, NAD(P)+, H2O and CO2. This enzyme participates in
2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation. It can be found in
Candida parapsilosis. The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADPH, H+ and O2 into
protocatechuate, NADP+ and H2O. This enzyme participates in
benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and
2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation. It can be found in
Pseudomonas putida and
Pseudomonas fluorescens. The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (NAD(P)H) utilizes 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADH, NADPH, H+ and O2 to produce 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (
protocatechuic acid), NAD+, NADP+ and H2O. This enzyme participates in
benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and
2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation. It can be found in
Corynebacterium cyclohexanicum and in
Pseudomonas sp. The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase uses 4-hydroxybenzoate to produce
phenol and CO2. This enzyme participates in
benzoate degradation via
coenzyme A (CoA) ligation. It can be found in
Klebsiella aerogenes (
Aerobacter aerogenes). The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase transforms ATP, 4-hydroxybenzoate and CoA to produce AMP, diphosphate and
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA. This enzyme participates in
benzoate degradation via CoA ligation. It can be found in
Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
Coniochaeta hoffmannii is a plant pathogen that commonly inhabits fertile soil. It is known to metabolize aromatic compounds of low molecular weight, such as
p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Glycosylation The enzyme
4-hydroxybenzoate 4-O-beta--glucosyltransferase transforms
UDP-glucose and 4-hydroxybenzoate into UDP and
4-(beta--glucosyloxy)benzoate. It can be found in the pollen of
Pinus densiflora. == Chemistry ==