Background After being fired from
CBS Records, Clive Davis was recruited by
Alan Hirschfield, then-
CEO of
Columbia Pictures, in June 1974 to be a consultant for the company's record and music operations. Shortly after his hiring by CPI, Davis became president of
Bell Records, replacing the departing
Larry Uttal. Davis's real goal was to reorganize and revitalize
Columbia Pictures's music division. With a $10 million investment by CPI, and a reorganization of the various Columbia Pictures legacy labels (Colpix, Colgems, and Bell), Davis introduced Columbia Pictures' new record division, Arista Records, in November 1974, ultimately owning 20 percent of the company. The label was named after
Arista, New York City's public secondary school honor society (of which Davis was a member at
Erasmus Hall High School). In early 1975, most of the artists who had been signed to Bell were let go, including
David Cassidy (who left for
RCA Records),
Tony Orlando and Dawn (who left for
Elektra Records), and
the 5th Dimension (which departed for
ABC Records). Others, such as
Suzi Quatro and
Hot Chocolate, were farmed out to the Bell/Arista-distributed label,
Big Tree. Several Bell acts, such as
Barry Manilow, the
Bay City Rollers, and
Melissa Manchester continued with Arista. The British Bell label kept that name for a couple of years before changing its name to Arista. The label was mentioned in the 1978
Nick Lowe song "They Called It Rock", in the lyric, "Arista says they love you/But the kids can't dance to this." Arista signed the
Grateful Dead in 1976, and the group released their only Top 40 pop hit, "
Touch of Grey", on the label in 1987. In addition to
Outlaws,
Patti Smith,
Eric Carmen,
Air Supply,
the Kinks,
Lou Reed,
Alan Parsons and
Dionne Warwick, Arista signed
Aretha Franklin in 1980, after her long relationship with
Atlantic Records ended. The label's most significant acquisition came in 1983 when Davis signed
Whitney Houston. Houston would become Arista's biggest-selling recording act and one of the
best-selling acts in music history with sales of over 220 million records worldwide, according to the Recording Industry Association of America (
RIAA).
Subsidiary imprint labels Arista had an imprint label in the 1970s called
Arista Novus, which focused on contemporary jazz artists. It distributed two other jazz labels, Arista Freedom, which specialized in
avant-garde jazz and, until 1982,
GRP Records, which specialized in contemporary jazz and what came to be known as
smooth jazz. A country music division, Career Records, was merged into the
Arista Nashville division in 1997. Arista Austin was used in the late 1990s as a country label. Arista Texas (later Arista Latin) was used in the mid to late 1990s as a Tejano/Regional Mexican label. Additionally, Arista was the U.S. distributor of
Jive Records from 1981 until 1987. During the 1990s, Arista also distributed Logic,
Rowdy and
Heavenly Recordings.
Corporate history Amid a broader corporate restructuring, Columbia Pictures sold Arista to German-based
Ariola Records, a unit of
Bertelsmann, on July 27, 1979; the acquisition was completed on October 1 of that year. In 1983, Bertelsmann sold a 50% interest in Arista to
RCA Records. In 1985, RCA and Bertelsmann merged their music operations to form RCA/Ariola International, with RCA owning 75% and Bertelsmann the remaining 25%. After
General Electric absorbed the RCA Corporation in 1986, GE sold off various RCA assets, including all of its interest in RCA/Ariola to Bertelsmann, and it was renamed
Bertelsmann Music Group, though Arista's U.S. releases would not note BMG until 1987. That year, in 1987, Arista Records formed a home video subsidiary, 6 West Home Video, in order to release home video titles on Arista Records' musical catalog, and the initial release, which served as the first title for the 6 West Home Video division was a one-hour performance on
The Grateful Dead,
So Far, with an October release and a list price of $29.95. Into the 1980s, Arista continued its success, including major UK act
Secret Affair. Over the years it acquired
Northwestside Records,
deConstruction Records,
First Avenue Records, and
Dedicated Records in the UK. In 1989, Arista entered into a joint venture with
Antonio "L.A." Reid and
Babyface in the creation of
LaFace Records, record company of
Toni Braxton,
Usher,
Outkast, and
TLC, which it acquired in 1999. In 1993, Arista also entered into a joint-venture with
Sean "Puffy" Combs to form
Bad Boy Records. In 1997, Arista acquired
Profile Records, the home of
Run-D.M.C. and
Poor Righteous Teachers.
Milli Vanilli controversy In 1989, Arista Records signed
Milli Vanilli, a contemporary R&B duo consisting of
Rob Pilatus and
Fab Morvan that was based in Germany. The label released its debut album, ''
Girl You Know It's True, which was a remixed and re-edited version of All or Nothing'', which had been out in Europe the previous year. The album was certified sextuple platinum in the U.S., and charted five top-ten singles, three of them reaching the number one position. In 1990,
Milli Vanilli won two
American Music Awards and a
Grammy Award for Best New Artist.
Carol Decker, lead singer of the band
T'Pau, was interviewed after their performance on
MTV and said that
Milli Vanilli had used a
Synclavier and were not singing. Later that year,
Frank Farian, producer of
Milli Vanilli, confirmed that the duo had not performed a
single note on their album. This revelation caused a huge firestorm in the music industry, as recording artists, particularly
bubblegum pop acts that heavily relied on electronic processing and
overdubbing (what they referred to as "studio magic"), were now under scrutiny and subsequently forced to cut back on lip-synching to show that they were authentic.
Milli Vanilli's Grammy Award was subsequently revoked. Clive Davis promptly released the duo from its contract and deleted the album and its masters from their catalogue—making ''Girl You Know It's True'' the largest-selling album to be deleted.A court ruling in the U.S. allowed anyone who had bought the album to get a
refund. In response to the scandal, Arista's position was that the company had been completely unaware of Morvan and Pilatus having not themselves recorded their album. In a post-debacle interview, Morvan defended himself for his part in the deception by saying: "[Before Milli Vanilli] I was working at a
McDonald's. What would you have done?"
Reconstructing Arista and the L.A. Reid years At the end of the year 2000, following its 25th anniversary, BMG fired Davis as president/CEO due to age restrictions. Although Davis was still one of the most successful record heads in the entire music industry, BMG had an age restriction policy.
L.A. Reid succeeded Davis as Arista's president/CEO. Under Reid, the label had success with newer acts such as
Avril Lavigne,
Pink, and
Kelis, but struggled with newer releases by more established acts already on the label. Reid seemed to lose focus and have many miscalculations when it came to promoting Arista's established acts such as
TLC,
Toni Braxton,
Whitney Houston (Houston being BMG's biggest selling act out of all BMG labels), and several other acts. Reid seemed to put more money in promoting newer acts and less money into promoting established acts. Whitney Houston's December 2002,
Just Whitney, as well as her November 2003 album
One Wish: The Holiday Album failed to achieve the same success as her previous albums with Davis as head of Arista. Reid's extravagant spending, meanwhile, and lower sales of big-name established acts under his tenure, caused Arista to lose money. In two years, with Reid as CEO of Arista, Arista lost over $100 million. After BMG and
Sony Music Entertainment merged in 2004, Reid was fired in January of that year. Arista, always an independently managed front line label at BMG, was merged with
J Records in August 2005; J Records being the label that Davis started after being fired by BMG. The merged Arista and J record labels began operating under the newly formed
RCA Music Group—of which Davis was re-instated as CEO after the merger of BMG and Sony, thus Davis once again became in control of Arista and several other labels from the very company that previously fired him. The Arista label continued to be used for new releases, although heavily scaled back, while its reissues are released through Sony Music's
Legacy Recordings. Also, as a result of the Sony-BMG merger, Arista once again became related to
Columbia Pictures, which is fully owned by the
Sony Corporation of America (through
Sony Pictures Entertainment) – who would buy out BMG's share in 2008.
Dissolution and revival After the Sony-BMG merger,
LaFace Records was eventually revived; the label was now fully owned by Sony-BMG and began operating as part of the
Jive Label Group. During the summer of 2011, the RCA Music Group underwent a restructuring that saw the elimination of the Arista name later on that year, along with sister labels
J Records and
Jive.
RCA Records started releasing all RCA Music Group releases under RCA Records.
Arista Nashville continued to operate through
Sony Music Nashville and was not affected by the closing of Arista Records. Arista Records France was founded in September 2012, making it initially the last active remnant of the label. In 2023, Sony Music France closed Arista Records France, with the existing roster transferring to other labels under Sony's ownership. In July 2018, it was announced that Arista would be revived as a frontline label, making it now the fourth flagship record label under
Sony Music alongside
Columbia,
RCA, and
Epic. The company hired former
Island Records president/CEO
David Massey to lead Arista. The label signed
Mike Posner ahead of his new album in 2025. In May 2024,
Arista Records officially promoted
Kendell Freeman to Senior Vice President of A&R. == Arista Nashville ==