Protist classification

This article largely follows the efforts of the scientific community and the International Society of Protistologists to revise the taxonomy of protists in a manner that reflects their phylogeny and evolution, striving away from the use of historical paraphyletic taxa and relying exclusively on clades as the basis of the classification. The reference used for the general arrangement of groups is the publication Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature and Diversity of Eukaryotes, published in 2019 by researcher Sina Adl and coauthors. as such, said ranks are generally omitted. The following cladogram shows the relationships between the major groups of protists, as well as the kingdoms of animals, plants and fungi, according to the most recent phylogenetic analyses. --> ==Amorphea==

The supergroup Amorphea contains very diverse heterotrophic organisms, from the macroscopic fungi and animals to the unicellular choanoflagellates and classical amoebae. They frequently exhibit the ability to produce multinucleated cells, a trait considered ancestral to Amorphea. They are also capable of producing pseudopodia, as does the closely related CRuMs clade, forming the clade Podiata. Amorphea is divided into two clades: Amoebozoa, containing well-known amoebae and slime molds, and Obazoa, containing animals, fungi, and their closest relatives. The relationship between these two clades was initially called 'Unikonta', due to a hypothesis where their common ancestor was a unikont, i.e., a eukaryote with just one flagellum. However, this hypothesis was refuted, as there are bikont amorpheans (e.g., Breviata anathema) and it likely is not an ancestral trait to have a single flagellum. Obazoa The clade Obazoa contains two small groups of flagellates, the breviates and the apusomonads, and the large clade Opisthokonta, which contains animals, fungi, and their closest protist relatives. but this taxon is paraphyletic, as apusomonads are more closely related to opisthokonts. The taxonomy of apusomonads was expanded in a 2022 phylogenetic study that introduced many new genera. • Class Breviatea , order Breviatida , family Breviatidae , genera Breviata, Lenisia, Pygsuia, Subulatomonas. • Class Thecomonadea , order Apusomonadida , family Apusomonadidae . Genera not assigned to any subfamily: Amastigomonas, Multimonas, Podomonas, Catacumbia, Cavaliersmithia. • Subfamily Apusomonadinae , genera Apusomonas (=Rostromonas), Manchomonas. • Subfamily Thecamonadinae , genera Chelonemonas, Karpovia, Singekia, Thecamonas. Opisthokonta Opisthokonts are divided into two branches: Holozoa (animal-related), containing the ichthyosporeans, pluriformeans, filastereans and choanoflagellates; and Nucletmycea or Holomycota (fungus-related), containing the nucleariids and opisthosporidians. These groups, minus opisthosporidians, were classified as different classes within the paraphyletic phylum Choanozoa in the system of Cavalier-Smith, now obsolete. Instead, Choanozoa is the name used for the clade containing choanoflagellates and animals. Opisthosporidians (aphelids, rozellids and microsporidians) are often studied as protists, but are also considered fungi by protistologists Both Holozoa and Nucletmycea have been proposed once as superkingdoms by a group of mycologists who classified nucleariids and fungi as kingdoms, but without any mention of holozoan kingdoms. • Nucletmycea (=Holomycota ) • Order Rotosphaerida (=Cristidiscoidida ), family Nucleariidae (=Pompholyxophridae ), genera: Fonticula, Nuclearia, Parvularia, Pompholyxophrys, Lithocolla, Vampyrellidium, Elaeorhanis, Pinaciophora, Rabdiophrys, Rabdiaster, Thomseniophora. • Kingdom Fungi • Holozoa . Genera incertae sedis: Tunicaraptor, • Class Ichthyosporea (=Mesomycetozoea ) • Order Dermocystida , family Rhinosporidaceae , genera Amphibiocystidium, Amphibiothecum, Chromosphaera, Dermocystidium, Rhinosporidium, Sphaerothecum, Valentines. • Order Ichthyophonida (=Ichthyophonae ), family Amoebidiidae , genera Abeoforma, Amoebidium, Anurofeca, Astreptonema, Caullerya, Creolimax, Eccrinidus, Enterobryus, Enteropogon, Ichthyophonus, Palavascia, Pseudoperkinsus, Psorospermium, Sphaeroforma. • Class Pluriformea , order Corallochytrida • Family Corallochytriidae , genus Corallochytrium . • Family Syssomonadidae , • Choanozoa • Class Choanoflagellata (=Craspedomonadina , Craspedomonadaceae , Craspedophyceae , Craspédomonadophycidées , Craspedomonadophyceae , Choanomonadea , Choanoflagelliida , Choanoflagellatea , Choanomonada ) • Order Craspedida , family Salpingoecidae (=Codonosigidae ), genera Astrosiga, Aulomonas, Barroeca, Choanoeca, Cladospongia, Codonocladium, Codonosigopsis, Codosiga (=Codonosiga), Desmarella (=Codonodesmus, Kentrosiga), Dicraspedella, Diploeca, Diplosiga, Diplosigopsis, Hartaetosiga, Kentia, Lagenoeca, Microstomoeca, Monosiga, Mylnosiga, Pachysoeca, Proterospongia, Salpingoeca, Salpingorhiza, Sphaeroeca, Stagondoeca, Stelexomonas, Stylochromonas. • Order Acanthoecida • Family Acanthoecidae , genera Acanthoeca, Enibas, Helgoeca, Polyoeca, Savillea. • Family Stephanoecidae , genera Acanthocorbis, Amoenoscopa, Apheloecion, Bicosta, Calliacantha, Calotheca, Campanoeca, Campyloacantha, Conion, Cosmoeca, Crinolina, Crucispina, Diaphanoeca, Didymoeca, Kakoeca, Monocosta, Nannoeca, Parvicorbicula, Thomsenella (="Platypleura"), Pleurasiga, Polyfibula, Saepicula, Saroeca, Spinoeca, Spiraloecion, Stephanacantha, Stephanoeca, Syndetophyllum. • Kingdom Metazoa (=Animalia ) Amoebozoa The phylum Amoebozoa contains around 2,400 species of primarily amoeboid protists. After the general 2019 revisions published by the International Society of Protistologists (ISOP), and testate amoebae. Phylum Amoebozoa . Genera incertae sedis: Belonocystis, Boveella, Biomyxa, Corallomyxa, Gibbodiscus, Hartmannia, Malamoeba, Malpighamoeba, Oscillosignum, Pseudothecamoeba, Rhabdamoeba, Schoutedamoeba, Stereomyxa, Subulamoeba, Triaenamoeba, Unda. • Order Trichosida , family Trichosphaeriidae (=Trichosidae ), genus Trichosphaerium (=Atrichosa). • Family Microcoryciidae , genera Amphizonella, Diplochlamys, Microcorycia*, Parmulina*, Penardochlamys*, Zonomyxa*. • Order Echinamoebida • Family Echinamoebidae , genera Echinamoeba, Micriamoeba. • Family Vermamoebidae , genus Vermamoeba. • Elardia • Family Flabellulidae , genus Flabellula (=Paraflabellula). • Family Gephyramoebidae , genus Gephyramoeba. Proplagiopyxis, Protoplagiopyxis, Protocucurbitella, Pseudawerintzewia, Pseudonebela, Schoenbornia, Sexangularia, Suiadifflugia, Trigonopyxis, Wailesella, • Suborder Phryganellina • Family Phryganellidae , genus Phryganella. • Family Cryptodifflugiidae , genus Cryptodifflugia. • Suborder Organoconcha , family Microchlamyiidae , genera Microchlamys (=Pseudochlamys), Spumochlamys, Pyxidicula. • Suborder Glutinoconcha • Infraorder Volnustoma , family Heleoperidae , genera Heleopera, Metaheleopera. • Infraorder Hyalospheniformes , family Hyalospheniidae (=Nebelidae ), genera Alabasta, Alocodera, Apodera, Certesella, Cornutheca, Gibbocarina, Hyalosphenia, Longinebela, Mrabella, Nebela, Padaungiella, Planocarina, Porosia, Quadrulella. • Infraorder Excentrostoma , family Centropyxidae (incl. Plagiopyxidae ), genera Awerinzewia, Bullinularia, Centropyxis, Frenopyxis, Golemanskia, Plagiopyxis. • Infraorder Cylindrothecina , family Cylindrifflugiidae , genus Cylindrifflugia. • Infraorder Longithecina • Family Difflugiidae , genera Difflugia, Zivkovicia. • Family Lesquereusiidae , genus Lesquereusia. • Infraorder Sphaerothecina • Family Arcellidae , genera Arcella, Galeripora. • Family Netzeliidae , genera Cucurbitella, Cyclopyxis, Netzelia. • Class Discosea • Subclass Flabellinia • Superorder Dermelia • Order Mycamoebida , family Mycamoebidae , genera Mycamoeba, Janelia, Microglomus. • Order Dermamoebida • Family Dermamoebidae , genera Dermamoeba, Paradermamoeba, Coronamoeba. Thecamoeba, Thecochaos. • Order Dactylopodida , genera Cunea, Janickina, Korotnevella, Neoparamoeba, Paramoeba, Pseudoparamoeba, Vexillifera. • Order Vannellida , family Vannellidae , genera Clydonella, Lingulamoeba, Paravannella, Pessonella, Ripella, Vannella. • Subclass Centramoebia • Order Acanthopodida (=Centramoebida ), genera Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, Luapeleamoeba, Protacanthamoeba, Dracoamoeba, Vacuolamoeba. • Order Himatismenida , genera Cochliopodium, Ovalopodium, Parvamoeba. • Order Pellitida , genera Endostelium, Gocevia, Paragocevia, Pellita. • Evosea • Class Cutosea , order Squamocutida • Family Squamamoebidae , genera Armaparvus, Squamamoeba. • Family Sapocribridae , genus Sapocribrum. • Family Idionectidae , genus Idionectes. • Class Variosea . Genera not assigned to any lower clade: Angulamoeba, Arboramoeba, Darbyshirella, Dictyamoeba, Ischnamoeba, Heliamoeba, Filamoeba, Phalansterium. • Family Flamellidae , genera Flamella (=Comandonia), Telaepolella . • Order Protosteliida (Protosteliales) , family Protosteliidae (Protosteliaceae) , genus Protostelium (incl. Planoprotostelium). • Order Fractovitellida • Family Acramoebidae , genus Acramoeba. • Family Schizoplasmodiidae , genera Ceratiomyxella, Nematostelium, Schizoplasmodium. • Family Soliformoviidae . Genera: Soliformovum ; Grellamoeba . • Order Cavosteliida (Cavosteliales) , family Cavosteliidae (Cavosteliaceae) , genera Cavostelium, Schizoplasmodiopsis, Tychosporium. • Order Holomastigida (incl. Artodiscida ), family Multiciliidae (incl. Artodiscidae ), genera Artodiscus, Multicilia. • Class Archamoebea • Family Tricholimacidae , genus Tricholimax. • Order Entamoebida , family Entamoebidae , genera Entamoeba, Entamoebites. • Order Pelobiontida • Suborder Pelomyxina , family Pelomyxidae , genera Mastigella (=Mastigamoeba), Pelomyxa. • Suborder Mastigamoebina • Family Rhizomastixidae , genus Rhizomastix. • Family Mastigamoebidae , genera Endamoeba*, Endolimax, Iodamoeba, Mastigamoeba, Mastigina*. • Eumycetozoa (=Mycetozoa , Macromycetozoa ) • Class Dictyostelea (Dictyosteliomycetes ). Genus unassigned to any order: Synstelium. Genus incertae sedis: Coenonia. • Order Acytosteliales • Family Acytosteliaceae , genera Acytostelium, Rostrostelium, Heterostelium. • Family Cavenderiaceae , genus Cavenderia. • Order Dictyosteliales . Genus unassigned to any family: Coremiostelium. • Family Dictyosteliaceae , genera Dictyostelium, Polysphondylium. • Family Raperosteliaceae , genera Hagiwaraea, Raperostelium, Speleostelium, Tieghemostelium. • Class Ceratiomyxomycetes (Ceratiomyxea) , • Family Lamprodermataceae (Lamprodermatidae) , genera Lamproderma (incl. Dichaeopsis, Colloderma, Elaeomyxa), Collaria. • Family Didymiaceae (Didymiidae) , genera Diderma, Didymium, Lepidoderma, Mucilago. • Family Physaraceae (Physaridae) , genera Craterium, Leocarpus, Fuligo, Physarum (incl. Badhamia), Physarella, Physarina, Kelleromyxa. ==Archaeplastida==

• Division Glaucophyta (=Glaucocystaceae , Glaucocystophyta , Glaucoplantae ). Incertae sedis genera: Archaeopsis, Chalarodora, Glaucocystopsis, Peliaina, Strobilomonas. • Division Rhodophyta (=Rhodophyceae , Rhodoplantae ) Chloroplastida • Division Prasinodermophyta • Class Prasinodermophyceae → order Prasinodermatales → family Prasinodermataceae . Sole genus: Prasinoderma . • Class Palmophyllophyceae • Order Palmophyllales → family Palmophyllaceae . Genera: Palmophyllum ; Verdigellas ; Palmoclathrus . • Order Prasinococcales → family Prasinococcaceae . Sole genus: Prasinococcus . • Division Chlorophyta • Class Chloropicophyceae → order Chloropicales → family Chloropicaceae . Genera: Chloroparvula ; Chloropicon . • Class Mamiellophyceae • Order Mamiellales • Family Bathycoccaceae . Genera: Bathycoccus ; Ostreococcus . • Family Mamiellaceae . Genera: Mamiella ; Mantoniella ; Micromonas . • Order Dolichomastigales • Family Crustomastigaceae . Sole genus: Crustomastix . • Family Dolichomastigaceae . Sole genus: Dolichomastix . • Order Monomastigales (=Monomastigales ) → family Monomastigaceae . Sole genus: Monomastix . • Class Nephroselmidophyceae → order Nephroselmidales → family Nephroselmidaceae . Genera: Nephroselmis . • Class Picocystophyceae → order Picocystales → family Picocystaceae . Sole genus: Picocystis . • Class Pseudoscourfieldiophyceae → order Pseudoscourfieldiales → family Pseudoscourfieldiaceae (=Pycnococcaceae . Sole genus: Pseudoscourfieldia (=Pycnococcus ). • Class Pyramimonadophyceae → order Pyramimonadales • Family Pyramimonadaceae . Genera: Cymbomonas ; Pyramimonas ; "Prasinopapilla" (not formally described). • Family Halosphaeraceae . Genera: Halosphaera ; Pachysphaera ; Tasmanites . • Core Chlorophyta • Class Chlorodendrophyceae → order Chlorodendrales (=Tetraselmidales ) → family Chlorodendraceae . Genera: Prasinocladus ; Scherffelia ; Tetraselmis . • Class Pedinophyceae • Order Marsupiomonadales • Family Marsupiomonadaceae . Sole genus: Marsupiomonas . • Family Resultomonadaceae . Sole genus: Resultomonas . • Order Pedinomonadales → family Pedinomonadaceae . Genera: Chlorochytridion ; Pedinomonas . • UTC clade • Class Chlorophyceae • SV clade • Family Mychonastaceae . Sole genus: Mychonastes . • Family Neochloridaceae • Family Pseudomuriellaceae . Sole genus: Pseudomuriella . • Family Scenedesmaceae • Family Schizochlamydaceae . Sole genus: Schizochlamys . • Family Selenastraceae (=Ankistrodesmaceae ) • Family Radiococcaceae • Family Rotundellaceae . Sole genus: Rotundella . • Family Tumidellaceae . Sole genus: Tumidella . • Order Volvocales • OCC clade • Order Chaetopeltidales • Order Chaetophorales • Order Oedogoniales • Class Trebouxiophyceae (=Pleurastrophyceae ) • Class Ulvophyceae • Division Streptophyta (=Charophyta ) • Class Chlorokybophyceae → order Chlorokybales → family Chlorokybaceae . Sole genus: Chlorokybus . • Class Mesostigmatophyceae (=Mesostigmata ) → order Mesostigmales → family Mesostigmataceae . Sole genus: Mesostigma . • Class Klebsormidiophyceae • Order Klebsormidiales → family Klebsormidiaceae . Genera: Klebsormidium ; Interfilum ; Streptofilum . • Order Entransiales → family Entransiaceae . Sole genus: Entransia . • Order Hormidiellales → family Hormidiellaceae . Genera: Hormidiella ; Streptosarcina . • Phragmoplastophyta • Class Charophyceae • Class Coleochaetophyceae • Anydrophyta • Class Zygnematophyceae • Order Serritaeniales → family Serritaeniaceae . Sole genus: Serritaenia . • Order Zygnematales → family Zygnemataceae . Genera: Cylindrocystis ; Mesotaenium ; Mougeotia ; Zygnema ; Zygnemopsis . • Order Desmidiales → family Desmidiaceae . Genera: Bambusina ; Closterium ; Cosmarium ; Cosmocladium ; Desmidium ; Euastrum ; Micrasterias ; Netrium ; Nucleotaenium ; Onychonema ; Penium ; Phymatodocis ; Planotaenium ; Pleurotaenium ; Staurastrum ; Staurodesmus ; Xanthidium ; etc. • Order Spirogyrales . Sole genus: Spirogyra • Embryophyta (=Plantae ). Excluded from protists. ==Pancryptista==

}} }} }} The phylum Cryptista contains heterotrophic and photosynthetic single-celled flagellates. Its classification has undergone many changes through the years, and several conflicting systems and nomenclatures coexist. It was described by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1989 to unite two distinct groups of flagellates: the photosynthetic cryptomonads, and the heterotrophic goniomonads (respectively the two classes Cryptomonadea and Cyathomonadea). The name Cryptista was meant to be a synonym of Cryptophyta, the algal division described by the same author in previous years. In 2004, he modified the classification of Cryptista to add two subphyla: Cryptomonada, containing the aforementioned classes (renamed as Cryptophyceae and Goniomonadea respectively), and Leucocrypta, containing the heterotrophic katablepharids. The next year, a separate group of authors proposed a different higher ranking for katablepharids as a phylum Kathablepharida or division Katablepharidophyta, related to but independent from phylum Cryptophyta, with no mention of Cryptista. Between 2013 and 2015, Cavalier-Smith updated the classification once more by describing three new subphyla: Rollomonadia, containing the previous subphyla lowered to superclasses; Palpitia, containing the flagellate Palpitomonas bilix; and Corbihelia, containing picozoans, telonemids, and some heliozoan species (Heliomorpha and Microheliella). Corbihelia did not reach consensus: later analyses and revisions separated telonemids and picozoans as their own clades, and placed Heliomorpha in Cercozoa. Cryptista was redefined in the 2019 ISOP revision as the clade containing Palpitomonas, katablepharids, goniomonads and cryptomonads. However, this revision introduced yet another classification system that is contradictory with the previous ones. They proposed a single class Cryptophyceae uniting cryptomonads, goniomonads and katablepharids, and treated cryptomonads as a single order Cryptomonadales, and often excluded goniomonads too. • Family Goniomonadidae (Goniomonadaceae) (=Cyathomonadaceae ), genus Goniomonas (=Cyathomonas). • Class Cryptophyceae (Cryptomonadea ). Genera incertae sedis: Bjornbergiella, • Order Cryptomonadales • Family Baffinellaceae , genus Baffinella. • Family Cryptomonadaceae , genera Cryptomonas, Chilomonas. • Order Pyrenomonadales • Family Pyrenomonadaceae , genera Pyrenomonas (=Rhodomonas), Storeatula, Rhinomonas. • Family Geminigeraceae , genera Geminigera, Teleaulax, Hanusia, Guillardia, Proteomonas. • Family Chroomonadaceae , genera Chroomonas, Falcomonas, Komma. • Family Hemiselmidaceae , genus Hemiselmis. • Order Tetragonidiales , family Tetragonidiaceae , genus Tetragonidium. ==Haptista==

• Haptophyta • Pavlovales [Pavlovophyceae ]. Diacronema, Exanthemachrysis, Pavlova, Rebecca. • Prymnesiophyceae • Prymnesiales . Chrysochromulina, Chrysocampanula, Dicrateria, Haptolina, Prymnesium, Pseudohaptolina. • Phaeocystales . Phaeocystis. • Isochrysidales . Emiliania, Gephyrocapsa, Isochrysis, Ruttnera, Tisochrysis. • Coccolithales . Balaniger, Calciosolenia, Coccolithus, Hymenomonas, Chrysotila, Wigwamma. • Rappephyceae Genera incertae sedis: Meringosphaera, Parasphaerastrum. • Family Spiculophryidae , genus Spiculophrys. • Superorder Pterocystida • Order Raphidista • Family Choanocystidae , genus Choanocystis. • Family Raphidiophryidae , genus Raphidiophrys. • Order Pterista • Family Oxnerellidae , genus Oxnerella. • Family Pterocystidae , genera Pterocystis, Raineriophrys, Chlamydaster, Pseudoraphidiophrys, Pseudoraphidocystis, Triangulopteris, Khitsovia. • Family Heterophryidae , genera Heterophrys, Sphaerastrum. • Family Clypiferidae , genus Clypifer. • Order Acanthocystida • Suborder Marophryina , family Marophryidae , genus Marophrys. • Suborder Chalarothoracina • Family Acanthocystidae , genus Acanthocystis. • Family Raphidocystidae , genus Raphidocystis. ==Stramenopiles==

• Class Platysulcea → order Platysulcida → family Platysulcidae . Sole genus: Platysulcus . • Family Kaonashiidae . Sole genus: Kaonashia . Bigyra • Subphylum Opalozoa • Infraphylum Placidozoa • Class Placididea → order Placidida → family Placididae . Genera: Allegra ; Haloplacidia ; Pendulomonas ; Placidia ; Placilonga ; Suigetsumonas ; Wobblia . • Order Proteromonadida → family Proteromonadidae . Sole genus: Proteromonas (= Prowazekella ). • Order Opalinida • Family Karotomorphidae . Sole genus: Karotomorpha . • Family Opalinidae . Genera: Cepedea ; Opalina ; Protoopalina ; Protozelleriella ; Zelleriella . • Class Blastocystea → order Blastocystida → family Blastocystidae . Sole genus: Blastocystis . • Infraphylum Bikosia (=Bicosoecida ) → class Bikosea . Genera not assigned to families: Bilabrum ; Cafileria ; • Order Amphitremida • Family Amphitremidae . Genera: Amphitrema; Archerella; Paramphitrema. • Family Diplophryidae . Sole genus: Diplophrys . • Order Amphifilida • Family Amphifilidae . Sole genus: Amphifila . • Family Sorodiplophryidae . Genera: Fibrophrys ; Sorodiplophrys . • Order Oblongichytrida/Oblongichytriales → family Oblongichytriidae/Oblongichytriaceae . Sole genus: Oblongichytrium . • Order Labyrinthulida /Labyrinthulales • Family Aplanochytriidae/Aplanochytriaceae . Sole genus: Aplanochytrium (=Labyrinthuloides ). • Family Labyrinthulidae /Labyrinthulaceae . Sole genus: Labyrinthula (=Chlamydomyxa , Pseudoplasmodium , Labyrinthodictyon , Labyrinthorhiza ). • Family-level clade "Stellarchytriidae/Stellarchytriaceae". Sole genus: Stellarchytrium . • Order Thraustochytrida/Thraustochytriales • Family Althorniidae/Althornidiaceae . Sole genus: Althornia . • Family Thraustochytriidae/Thraustochytriaceae . Genera: Aurantiochytrium ; Botryochytrium ; Japonochytrium ; Monorhizochytrium ; Parietichytrium ; Phycophthorum ; Schizochytrium ; Sicyoidochytrium ; Thraustochytrium ; Ulkenia . • Class Eogyrea (=clade MAST-6). Genera not assigned to families: Mastreximonas ; Vomastromonas . • Order Eogyrida • Class Developea → order Developayellida /Developayellales → family Developayellidae/Developayellaceae . Genera: Cubaremonas ; Develocanicus ; Develocauda ; Developayella ; Develorapax ; Mediocremonas . • Class Pirsonea → order Pirsoniales → Pirsoniaceae . Genera: Bordeauxia ; Bullionia ; Feodosia ; Koktebelia ; Noirmoutieria ; Pirsonia . • Subphylum Pseudofungi (=Heterokontimycotina , Peronosporomycotina ) • Class Hyphochytrea /Hyphochytriomycetes → order Hyphochytriales • Family Anisolpidiaceae . Genera: Anisolpidium ; Canteriomyces . • Family Hyphochytridiomycetaceae . Sole genus: Hyphochytrium . • Family Rhizidiomycetaceae . Latrostium ; Rhizidiomyces ; Rhizidiomycopsis . • Class Oomycetes (=Peronosporomycetes ). Incertae sedis genera: Atkinsiella ; Ciliatomyces (=Ciliomyces ); Crypticola ; Ectrogella ; Eurychasma ; Halodaphnea ; Haliphthoros ; Haptoglossa ; Lagena ; Lagenisma ; Olpidiopsis ; Pontisma ; Pythiella ; Rozellopsis ; Sirolpidium . • Saprolegnialean lineage . Achlya ; Aphanomyces ; Aplanopsis ; Apodachlya ; Aquastella ; Geolegnia ; Leptomitus ; Newbya ; Pythiopsis ; Protoachlya ; Salisapilia ; Saprolegnia ; Thraustotheca . • Peronosporalean lineage . Albugo ; Bremia ; Chlamydomyzium ; Halophytopthora ; Hyaloperonospora ; Lagenidium ; Myzocytiopsis ; Peronospora ; Plasmopara ; Pythium ; Pseudoperonospora ; Phytophthora ; Phytopythium ; Pustula . • Subphylum/Division Ochrophytina/Ochrophyta (=Heterokontophyta ). Incertae sedis genera: Commation . • Order Actinophryida • Suborder Actinosphaerina → family Actinosphaeriidae . Sole genus: Actinosphaerium (=Echinosphaerium ). • Suborder Actinophryina • Family Actinophryidae . Sole genus: Actinophrys (=Trichoda , Peritricha ). • Family Helioraphidae . Sole genus: Heliorapha . • Infraphylum Chrysista . Incertae sedis genera: Chrysoderma ; Chrysomeris ; Chrysonephos ; "Giraudyopsis" ; Rhamnochrysis . • Class Eustigmatophyceae Vacuoliviride . • Order Eustigmatales • Paraeustigmatos • Family Eustigmataceae . Genera: Ellipsoidion ; Chlorobotrys ; Eustigmatos ; Pseudocharaciopsis ; Vischeria . • Family Monodopsidaceae (includes Loboceae ). Genera: Microchloropsis ; Monodopsis ; Nannochloropsis ; Pseudotetraedriella . • Family Neomonodaceae . Genera: Botryochloropsis ; Characiopsella ; Munda ; Neomonodus ; Pseudellipsoidion . • SII clade • Class Olisthodiscophyceae → order Olisthodiscales → family Olisthodiscaceae . • Dictyochophyceae [Silicoflagellata ] • Dictyochales [Dictyochida ; Dictyochaceae ]. Dictyocha. • Florenciellales . ==Alveolata==

{{cladogram|align=right|cladogram= • Colponemida (=Protalveolata . Genera not assigned to families: Neocolponema ; Loeffela • Phylum Colponemidia → class Colponemea → order Colponemida → family Colponemidae . Sole genus: Colponema . • Phylum Acavomonidia → class Acavomonea → order Acavomonida → family Acavomonidae . Acavomonas . • Order Palustrimonadida → family Palustrimonadidae . Sole genus: Palustrimonas . Myzozoa • Phylum Chromerida → class Colpodellophyceae ("chrompodellids") → order Colpodellales/Colpodellida . Incertae sedis genus: Piridium . • Family Vitrellaceae . Sole genus: Vitrella . • Family Colpodellaceae . Genera: Colpodella ; Chilovora ; Voromonas . • Family Chromeraceae . Sole genus: Chromera . • Family Alphamonadaceae/Alphamonadidae . Sole genus: Alphamonas . • Phylum Perkinsozoa → class Perkinsea . Incertae sedis genera: Phagodinium ; Rastrimonas ; Acrocoelus . • Maranthos • Family Pararosariidae . Sole genus: Pararosarium . • Family Parviluciferaceae . Genera: Dinovorax ; Parvilucifera ; Snorkelia ; Tuberlatum . • Family Perkinsidae . Sole genus: Perkinsus . • Family Xcellidae . Genera: Cryoxcellia , Gadixcellia ; Notoxcellia ; Salmoxcellia ; Xcellia . • Phylum Dinoflagellata . Incertae sedis genera: free-living (Adenoides, Akashiwo, Amphidiniella, Ankistrodinium, Apicoporus, Archaeosphaerodiniopsis, Bispinodinium, Bysmatrum, Cabra, Cladopyxis, Crypthecodinium, Cucumeridinium, Dactylodinium, Dicroerisma, Gloeodinium, Grammatodinium, Gynogonadinium, Gyrodiniellum, Halostylodinium, Heterodinium, Moestrupia, Paragymnodinium, Phytodinium, Plagiodinium, Planodinium, Pileidinium, Pseudadenoides, Pseudothecadinium, Pyramidodinium, Rhinodinium, Roscoffia, Sabulodinium, Sphaerodinium, Spiniferodinium, Testudodinium, Thecadinium, Thecadiniopsis, Togula) and parasitic Blastodiniales [no longer valid] (Amyloodinium, Apodinium, Cachonella, Caryotoma, Crepidoodinium, Haplozoon, Oodinium, Myxodinium, Piscinoodinium, Protoodinium, Rhinodinium, Schyzochitriodinium, Stylodinium). • Psammosa Warnowia. • Amphidinium sensu stricto • Gyrodinium sensu stricto • Kareniaceae . Brachidinium, Karenia, Karlodinium, Takayama. • Ceratoperidiniaceae . Ceratoperidinium, Kirithra. • Torodiniales . Kapelodinium, Torodinium. • Levanderina • Margalefidinium • Cochlodinium sensu stricto • Ptychodiscales . Achradina, Amphilothus, Balechina, Ptychodiscus, Sclerodinium. • Borghiellaceae . Baldinia, Borghiella. • Tovelliaceae . Bernardinium, Esoptrodinium, Jadwigia, Tovellia. • Suessiaceae . Ansanella, Asulcocephalium, Biecheleria, Biecheleriopsis, Leiocephalium, Pelagodinium, Polarella, Prosoaulax, Protodinium, Symbiodinium, Yihiella. • Subclass Peridiniphycidae • Gonyaulacales . Alexandrium, Amylax, Ceratium, Ceratocorys, Coolia, Fukuyoa, Fragilidium, Gambierdiscus, Goniodoma, Gonyaulax, Lingulodinium, Ostreopsis, Pentaplacodinium, Peridiniella, Protoceratium, Pyrocystis, Pyrodinium, Pyrophacus, Tripos. • Peridiniales . Amphidiniopsis, Archaeperidinium, Blastodinium*, Diplopelta, Diplopsalis, Diplopsalopsis, Herdmania, Niea, Oblea, Palatinus, Parvodinium, Peridinium, Peridiniopsis, Preperidinium, Protoperidinium, Qia, Vulcanodinium. • Thoracosphaeraceae . Aduncodinium, Amyloodinium, Apocalathium, Blastodinium, Chimonodinium, Cryptoperidiniopsis, Duboscquodinium, Ensiculifera, Laciniporus, Leonella, Luciella, Naiadinium, Paulsenella, Pentapharsodinium, Pfiesteria, Scrippsiella, Stoeckeria, Theleodinium, Thoracosphaera, Tintinnophagus, Tyrannodinium. • Podolampadaceae . Blepharocysta, Gaarderiella, Heterobractum, Lissodinium, Mysticella, Podolampas. • Kryptoperidiniaceae ["dinotoms"]. Blixaea, Durinskia, Galeidinium, Kryptoperidinium, Unruhdinium, etc. • Heterocapsaceae . Heterocapsa. • Amphidomataceae . Amphidoma, Azadinium. • Oxytoxaceae . Corythodinium, Oxytoxum. • Centrodiniaceae . Centrodinium. • Dinophysales . Amphisolenia, Citharistes, Dinofurcula, Dinophysis, Histioneis, Latifascia, Metadinophysis, Metaphalacroma, Ornithocercus, Oxyphysis, Parahistioneis, Phalacroma, Pseudophalacroma, Sinophysis, Triposolenia. • Prorocentrales . Mesoporus, Prorocentrum. • Class Squirmidea . Digyalum, Filipodium, Platyproteum. • Phylum Apicomplexa . Incertae sedis genera: Aggregata , Christalloidophora , Dobellia* , Echinococcidium* , Globidiellum* , Joyeuxella* , Rhabdospora* , Spermatobium* , Spiriopsis* , Spirogregarina* , Toxocystis* , Trophosphaera* . • Order Agamococcidiorida (=Histogregarida ) • Family Gemmocystidae . Sole genus: Gemmocystis. • Family Rhytidocystidae . Sole genus: Rhytidocystis. • Order Protococcidiorida (=Coelotrophiida ). Angeiocystis*, Coelotropha*, Grellia*, Eleutheroschizon*, Mackinnonia*, Myriosporides*, Myriospora*, Sawayella*. • Aconoidasida (=Hematozoa ) • Order Haemospororida . Dionisia*, Haemocystidium, Haemoproteus, Hepatocystis, Leucocytozoon, Mesnilium*, Nycteria, Parahaemoproteus, Plasmodium, Polychromophilus, Rayella*, Saurocytozoon*. • Order Piroplasmida . Anthemosoma*, Babesia, Cytauxzoon, Echinozoon*, Haemohormidium*, Sauroplasma*, Serpentoplasma*, Theileria. • Order Nephromycida . Nephromyces, Cardiosporidium. • Conoidasida • Order Corallicolida → family Corallicolidae . Genera: Corallicola ; Anthozoaphila ; Gemmocystis . • Coccidia (P) • Suborder Adeleorina . Adelea*, Adelina, Babesiosima*, Bartazoon*, Chagasella*, Cyrilia*, Dactylosoma, Desseria*, Ganapatiella*, Gibbsia*, Haemogregarina, Haemolivia, Hepatozoon, Ithania*, Karyolysus, Klossia, Klossiella*, Legerella*, Orcheobius*, Rasajeyna*. • Suborder Eimeriorina . Atoxoplasma, Barrouxia*, Besnoitia, Caryospora, Caryotropha, Choleoeimeria, Cyclospora, Cystoisospora, Defretinella*, Diaspora*, Dorisa*, Dorisiella*, Eimeria, Elleipsisoma*, Goussia, Hammondia, Hyaloklossia, Isospora, Lankesterella, Mantonella*, Merocystis, Neospora, Nephroisospora, Ovivora*, Pfeifferinella, Pseudoklossia, Sarcocystis, Schellackia, Selenococcidium*, Selysina*, Spirocystis*, Toxoplasma, Tyzzeria*, Wenyonella*. • Gregarinida . Incertae sedis taxa: Digyalum , Exoschizon . • Archigregarinorida (P). Meroselenidium, Merogregarina, Selenidium, Selenocystis, Veloxidium. • Eugregarinorida (P). Apolocystis*, Amoebogregarina, Ancora, Ascogregarina, Asterophora, Blabericola, Caliculium, Cephaloidophora, Colepismatophila, Cystobia*, Cystocephalus*, Difficilina, Diplauxis*, Enterocystis, Ganymedes, Geneiorhynchus, Gonospora, Gregarina, Heliospora, Hentschelia*, Hirmocystis*, Hoplorhynchus, Lankesteria, Lecudina, Leidyana, Lithocystis, Monocystella*, Monocystis, Nematopsis, Nematocystis*, Neoasterophora*, Paralecudina, Paraschneideria, Phyllochaetopterus, Pileocephalus*, Polyplicarium, Polyrhabdina, Porospora*, Prismatospora, Protomagalhaensia, Psychodiella, Pterospora, Pyxinia, Pyxinioides, Rhabdocystis*, Sphaerorhynchus*, Steinina, Stenophora, Stylocephalus, Sycia*, Syncystis, Thalicola*, Thiriotia, Trichotokara, Uradiophora*, Urospora, Xiphocephalus, Zygosoma*, and more. • Neogregarinorida . Apicystis, Aranciocystis, Caulleryella*, Coelogregarina*, Farinocystis*, Gigaductus*, Lipocystis*, Lipotropha*, Lymphotropha*, Machadoella*, Mattesia, Menzbieria, Ophryocystis, Schizocystis*, Syncystis, Tipulocystis*. • Cryptogregarinorida . Cryptosporidium. • Class Blastogregarinea . Chattonaria, Siedleckia. Ciliophora • Postciliodesmatophora • Karyorelictea • Kentrophoridae . Kentrophoros. • Loxodida • Cryptopharyngidae . Cryptopharynx. • Loxodidae . Loxodes. • Geleiidae . Geleia. • Heterotrichea • Blepharismidae . Blepharisma • Climacostomidae . Climacostomum. • Condylostomatidae . Chattonidium, Condylostoma. • Fabreidae . Fabrea. • Gruberiidae . Gruberia. • Coliphorina • Folliculinidae . Folliculina. • Maristentoridae . Maristentor. • Peritromidae . Peritromus. • Spirostomidae . Anigsteinia, Spirostomum. • Stentoridae . Stentor. • Intramacronucleata . Incertae sedis taxa: Protocruziidae [Protocruziidia ] (Protocruzia ). • SAL . Incertae sedis taxa: Cariacotrichea (Cariacothrix caudata), Mesodiniidae (Mesodinium), Phacodiniidia (Phacodinium). • Spirotrichea • Euplotia • Euplotida • Aspidiscidae . Aspidisca. • Certesiidae . Certesia. • Euplotidae . Euplotes. • Gastrocirrhidae . Gastrocirrhus. • Uronychidae . Diophrys, Uronychia. • Discocephalida • Discocephalidae . Discocephalus, Prodiscocephalus, Paradiscocephalus. • Pseudoamphisiellidae . Leptoamphisiella, Pseudoamphisiella. • Perilemmaphora • Hypotrichia • Stichotrichida (P) • Amphisiellidae . Amphisiella, Bistichella. • Atractosidae . Atractos. • Epiclintidae . Epiclintes. • Gonostomatidae . Cotterillia, Gonostomum. • Halteriidae . Halteria, Meseres. • Holostichidae . Holosticha, Uncinata. • Kahliellidae . Deviata, Kahliella. • Keronidae . Kerona. • Oxytrichidae (P). Cyrtohymena, Gastrostyla, Oxytricha, Stylonychia. • Parabirojimidae . Parabirojimia, Tunicothrix. • Plagiotomidae . Plagiotoma. • Psammomitridae . Psammomitra. • Pseudoamphisiellidae . Pseudoamphisiella. • Psilotrichidae . Psilotricha, Urospinula. • Schmidingerotrichidae . Schmidingerothrix. • Spirofilidae . Spirofilopsis, Strongylidium. • Trachelostylidae . Trachelostyla. • Uroleptidae . Paruroleptus, Uroleptus. • Urostylida (P) • Bergeriellidae . Bergeriella, Neourostylopsis. • Hemicycliostylidae . Australothrix, Hemicycliostyla. • Pseudokeronopsidae . Apoholosticha, Pseudokeronopsis. • Pseudourostylidae . Pseudourostyla. • Urostylidae . Bakuella, Diaxonella, Urostyla. • Oligotrichea • Oligotrichida • Cyrtostrombidiidae . Cyrtostrombidium. • Pelagostrombidiidae . Pelagostrombidium. • Strombidiidae . Strombidium (P). • Tontoniidae . Laboea, Tontonia. • Choreotrichida . Incertae sedis taxa: Lynnella [Lynnellidae ; Lynnellida ] • Strobilidiina (P) • Leegaardiellidae . Leegaardiella. • Lohmanniellidae . Lohmanniella. • Strobilidiidae . Strobilidium. • Strombidinopsidae . Strombidinopsis (P). • Tintinnina . Incertae sedis taxa: Helicostomella, Tintinnopsis (P), several other genera. • Ascampbelliellidae . Ascampbelliella • Cyttarocylididae [probably synonymous with Petalotrichidae]. Cyttarocylis. • Dictyocystidae . Dictyocysta. • Epiplocylididae . Epiplocylis. • Eutintinnidae . Dartintinnus, Eutintinnus. • Favellidae . Favella. • Nolaclusiliidae . Nolaclusilis. • Petalotrichidae [probably synonymous with Cyttarocylididae]. Petalotricha. • Ptychocylididae . Cymatocylis, Ptychocylis. • Rhabdonellidae . Metacylis, Rhabdonella, Schmidingerella. • Stenosemellidae (P). Stenosemella. • Tintinnidae . Amphorellopsis, Salpingacantha, Salpingella, Tintinnus. • Tintinnidiidae . Tintinnidium. • Undellidae . Undella. • Xystonellidae . Dadayiella, Parafavella, Xystonella. • Licnophoridae . Licnophora, Prolicnophora. • Kiitrichidae . Caryotricha, Kiitricha. • Lamellicorticata • Armophorea . Incertae sedis taxa: Mylestomatidae (Mylestoma). • Metopida (P) • Metopidae (P). Bothrostoma, Brachonella, Eometopus, Metopus, Parametopidium, Tesnospira. • Apometopidae . Cirranter, Urostomides. • Tropidoatractidae . Palmarella, Tropidoatractus. • Clevelandellida • Clevelandellidae . Clevelandella. • Inferostomatidae . Inferostoma. • Neonyctotheridae . Neonyctotherus. • Nyctotheridae (P). Nyctotherus. • Sicuophoridae . Sicuophora. • Caenomorphidae . Caenomorpha, Ludio, Sulfonecta. • Odontostomatida • Discomorphellidae . Discomorphella. • Epalxellidae . Epalxella, Saprodinium. • Litostomatea • Rhynchostomatia • Dileptida • Dileptidae . Apodileptus, Dileptus, Pseudomonilicaryon. • Dimacrocaryonidae . Dimacrocaryon, Monomacrocaryon, Rimaleptus. • Tracheliidae . Trachelius. • Haptoria (P). Incertae sedis taxa: Chaenea. • Lacrymariidae . Lacrymaria. • Haptorida • Enchelyodonidae . Enchelyodon, Fuscheria. • Homalozoonidae . Homalozoon. • Pleuroplitidae . Pleuroplites. • Didiniidae . Didinium, Monodinium. • Pleurostomatida • Amphileptidae . Amphileptus. • Litonotidae . Litonotus. • Kentrophyllidae . Epiphyllum, Kentrophyllum. • Spathidiida • Acropisthiidae . Acropisthium, Chaenea. • Actinobolinidae . Actinobolina. • Apertospathulidae . Apertospathula. • Enchelyidae . Enchelys. • Pseudoholophryidae . Pseudoholophrya. • Spathidiidae . Legendrea, • Ophryoscolecidae . Entodinium, Ophryoscolex, Polyplastron. • Polydiniellidae . Polydiniella. • Rhinozetidae . Rhinozeta. • Spirodiniidae . Spirodinium. • Telamodiniidae . Telamodinium. • Troglodytellidae . Troglodytella,. • Macropodiniida • Amylovoracidae . Amylovorax. • Macropodiniidae . Macropodinium. • Polycostidae . Polycosta. • CONTHREEP [Ventrata ]. Incertae sedis taxa: Askenasia , Cyclotrichiidae (Cyclotrichium), Paraspathidium , Pseudotrachelocercidae (Pseudotrachelocerca), Discotrichidae [Discotrichida ] (Discotricha, Lopezoterenia). • Phyllopharyngea • Synhymeniida • Nassulopsidae . Nassulopsis. • Orthodonellidae . Orthodonella, Zosterodasys. • Scaphidiodontidae . Chilodontopsis, Scaphidiodon. • Synhymeniidae . Synhymenia. • Subkinetalia • Cyrtophoria • Chlamydodontida (P) • Chilodonellidae . Chilodonella. • Chitonellidae . Chitonella. • Chlamydodontidae . Chlamydodon. • Gastronautidae . Gastronauta. • Kryoprorodontidae . Gymnozoum. • Lynchellidae . Chlamydonella, Lynchella. • Dysteriida • Dysteriidae . Dysteria (P), Trochilia. • Hartmannulidae (P). Hartmannula. • Kyaroikeidae . Kyaroikeus. • Plesiotrichopidae . Plesiotrichopus. • Chonotrichia • Exogemmida • Chilodochonidae . Chilodochona. • Filichonidae . Filichona. • Helichonidae . Heliochona. • Lobochonidae . Lobochona. • Phyllochonidae . Phyllochona. • Spirochonidae . Spirochona. • Cryptogemmida • Actinichonidae . Actinichona. • Echinichonidae . Echinichona. • Inversochonidae . Inversochona. • Isochonidae . Isochona. • Isochonopsidae . Isochonopsis. • Stylochonidae . Stylochona. • Rhynchodia • Hypocomidae . Hypocoma. • Rhynchodida • Ancistrocomidae . Ancistrocoma. • Sphenophryidae . Sphenophrya. • Suctoria • Exogenida • Allantosomatidae . Allantosoma. • Dentacinetidae . Dentacineta. • Dendrosomididae . Dendrosomides. • Ephelotidae . Ephelota. • Lecanophryidae . Lecanophrya. • Manuelophryidae . Manuelophrya. • Metacinetidae . Metacineta. • Ophryodendridae . Ophryodendron. • Paracinetidae . Paracineta. • Phalacrocleptidae . Phalacrocleptes. • Podophryidae . Podophrya. • Praethecacinetidae . Praethecacineta. • Rhabdophryidae . Rhabdophrya. • Severonidae . Severonis. • Spelaeophryidae . Spelaeophrya. • Tachyblastonidae . Tachyblaston. • Thecacinetidae . Thecacineta. • Endogenida • Acinetidae . Acineta. • Acinetopsidae . Acinetopsis. • Choanophryidae . Choanophrya. • Corynophryidae . Corynophrya. • Dactylostomatidae . Dactylostoma. • Dendrosomatidae . Dendrosoma. • Endosphaeridae . Endosphaera. • Erastophryidae . Erastophrya. • Pseudogemmidae . Pseudogemma. • Rhynchetidae . Rhyncheta. • Solenophryidae . Solenophrya. • Tokophryidae . Tokophrya. • Trichophryidae . Trichophrya. • Evaginogenida • Cometodendridae . Cometodendron. • Cyathodiniidae . Cyathodinium. • Dendrocometidae . Dendrocometes. • Discophryidae . Discophrya. • Enchelyomorphidae . Enchelyomorpha. • Heliophryidae . Heliophrya. • Periacinetidae . Periacineta. • Prodiscophryidae . Prodiscophrya. • Rhynchophryidae . Rhynchophrya. • Stylocometidae . Stylocometes. • Trypanococcidae . Trypanococcus. • Colpodea • Bursariomorphida • Bryometopidae . Bryometopus (P), Thylakidium. • Bursaridiidae . Bursaridium, Paracondylostoma. • Bursariidae . Bursaria. • Colpodida . Incertae sedis taxa: Bardeliellidae (Bardeliella), Hausmanniellidae (Avestina, Hausmanniella), Ilsiellidae (Ilsiella), Pseudochlamydonellidae (Hackenbergia, Pseudochlamydonella) and Marynidae (Maryna). • Bryophryina • Bryophryidae . Bryophrya. • Sandmanniellidae . Sandmanniella. • Colpodina • Colpodidae (P). Colpoda. • Grandoriidae . Grandoria. • Tillinidae . Tillina. • Grossglockneriidae [Grossglockneriina ]. Grossglockneria, Pseudoplatyophrya. • Cyrtolophosidida • Cyrtolophosididae . Cyrtolophosis. • Kreyellidae . Kreyella. • Platyophryida • Ottowphryidae . Ottowphrya, Platyophryides. • Platyophryidae (P). Platyophrya. • Sagittariidae . Sagittaria. • Sorogenidae . Sorogena. • Woodruffiidae . Etoschophrya, Rostrophrya, Woodruffia. • Nassophorea (P) • Colpodidiidae . Colpodidium. • Nassulida • Furgasoniidae . Furgasonia, Wolfkosia. • Nassulidae . Nassula, Obertrumia. • Microthoracida • Microthoracidae . Drepanomonas, Microthorax. • Leptopharyngidae . Leptopharynx, Pseudomicrothorax. • Prostomatea (P) • Apsiktratidae [Prostomatida ] • Balanionidae . Balanion. • Cryptocaryonidae . Cryptocaryon. • Colepidae . Coleps, Plagiopogon. • Holophryidae . Holophrya. • Lagynidae . Lagynus. • Metacystidae . Metacystis, Vasicola. • Placidae . Placus. • Plagiocampidae . Plagiocampa. • Prorodontidae . Prorodon. • Urotrichidae . Urotricha. • Plagiopylea • Plagiopylida • Epalxellidae . Epalxella, Saprodinium. • Plagiopylidae . Plagiopyla. • Sonderiidae . Sonderia. • Trimyemidae . Trimyema. • Oligohymenophorea • Apostomatia • Apostomatida • Colliniidae . Collinia, Metacollinia. • Cyrtocaryidae . Cyrtocaryum. • Foettingeriidae . Foettingeria. • Pseudocolliniidae . Fusiforma, Pseudocollinia. • Astomatophorida • Opalinopsidae . Opalinopsis. • Pilisuctorida • Conidophryidae . Conidophrys. • Astomatia • Anoplophryidae . Anoplophrya. • Buetschliellidae . Buetschliella. • Clausilocolidae . Clausilocola. • Contophryidae . Contophyra. • Haptophryidae . Haptophrya. • Hoplitophryidae . Hoplitophrya. • Intoshellinidae . Intoshellina. • Maupasellidae . Maupasella. • Radiophryidae . Radiophrya. • Hymenostomatia • Tetrahymenida . Incertae sedis taxa: Trichospiridae (Trichospira). • Curimostomatidae . Curimostoma. • Glaucomidae . Glaucoma. • Spirozonidae . Spirozona. • Tetrahymenidae . Tetrahymena. • Turaniellidae . Colpidium, Dexiostoma, Turaniella. • Ophryoglenida • Ichthyophthiriidae . Ichthyophthirius. • Ophryoglenidae . Ophryoglena. • Peniculia (P) • Peniculida • Clathrostomatidae . Clathrostoma. • Frontoniidae . Disematostoma, Frontonia (P). • Lembadionidae . Lembadion. • Maritujidae . Marituja. • Neobursaridiidae . Neobursaridium. • Parameciidae . Paramecium. • Paranassulidae . Paranassula. • Stokesiidae . Stokesia. • Urocentridae [Urocentrida ] • Peritrichia • Sessilida • Astylozoidae . Astylozoon, Hastatella. • Ellobiophryidae . Ellobiophrya. • Epistylididae . Epistylis. • Lagenophryidae . Lagenophrys. • Operculariidae . Opercularia. • Rovinjellidae . Rovinjella. • Scyphidiidae (P). Scyphidia. • Termitophryidae . Termitophrya. • Usconophryidae . Usconophrys. • Vaginicolidae . Cothurnia, Pyxicola, Thuricola, Vaginicola. • Vorticellidae . Carchesium, Epicarchesium (P), Ophrydium, Pelagovorticella, Pseudovorticella (P), Vorticella (P). • Zoothamniidae . Haplocaulus, Zoothamnium. • Mobilida • Polycyclidae . Polycycla. • Trichodinidae . Trichodina. • Trichodinopsidae . Trichodinopsis. • Urceolariidae . Leiotrocha, Urceolaria. • Scuticociliatia (P) • Philasterida • Cohnilembidae . Cohnilembus. • Cryptochilidae . Cryptochilum. • Entodiscidae . Entodiscus. • Entorhipidiidae . Entorhipidium. • Orchitophryidae (P). Orchitophrya. • Paralembidae . Anophrys, Paralembus. • Parauronematidae (P). Parauronema (P). • Philasteridae . Kahlilembus, Philaster. • Pseudocohnilembidae . Pseudocohnilembus. • Schizocaryidae . Schizocaryum. • Thigmophryidae . Thigmophrya. • Thyrophylacidae . Thyrophylax. • Uronematidae . Uronema. • Urozonidae . Urozona. • Pleuronematida • Calyptotrichidae . Calyptotricha. • Conchophthiridae . Conchophthirus. • Ctedoctematidae . Ctedoctema. • Cyclidiidae (P). Cristigera, Cyclidium. • Dragescoidae . Dragescoa. • Eurystomatellidae . Eurystomatella. • Histiobalantiidae . Histiobalantium. • Peniculistomatidae . Peniculistoma. • Pleuronematidae (P). Pleuronema. • Thigmocomidae . Thigmocoma. • Thigmotrichida • Ancistridae . Ancistrum. • Hemispeiridae . Hemispeira. • Hysterocinetidae . Hysterocineta. • Paraptychostomidae . Paraptychostomum. • Loxocephalida (P) • Cinetochilidae (P). Cinetochilum, Sathrophilus. • Loxocephalidae . Cardiostomatella, Dexiotricha, Loxocephalus. ==Rhizaria==

• Incertae sedis taxa: Gymnosphaerida . Actinocoryne, Cienkowskya, Gymnosphaera, Hedraiophrys [possible synonym of Cienkowskya], Wagnerella. Cercozoa • Incertae sedis taxa: • Aquavolonida . Aquavolon, Lapot. Trachyrhizium . • Psammonobiotidae . Micropsamella. • ?Volutellidae . Pseudovolutella, Volutella. • Fiscullina • Fiscullidae . Fisculla, Omnivora. • Paulinellidae . Micropyxidiella, Ovulinata, Paulinella. • Euglyphina • Assulinidae . Assulina, Placocista, Valkanovia*. • Sphenoderiidae . Sphenoderia, Trachelocorythion, Deharvengia*. • Trinematidae . Corythion, Playfairina*, Puytoracia*, Trinema. • Euglyphidae . Euglypha, Scutiglypha. • Tracheleuglypha • Trivalvulariida . Theratromyxa, Vernalophrys. • Placopodidae [Hyalodiscidae ]. Placopus. • Sericomyxidae . Sericomyxa. • Phytomyxea • Marinomyxa • Ascetosporea • Haplosporida . Bonamia, Haplosporidium, Minchinia, Urosporidium. • Mikrocytida . Mikrocytos, Paramikrocytos. • Paramyxida . Marteilia, Paramyxa, Paramarteilia, Marteilioides, Eomarteilia. • Claustrosporidium • Paradiniida . Paradinium. Retaria Foraminifera Subphylum Foraminifera • Lagenida • Heterogromia • Komokiacea* • 'Monothalamids' (Monothalamea ). Genera not assigned to any lower taxon: Astrammina, Crithionina, Notodendrodes, Psammophaga, Bathysiphon, Nujappikia . • Family Lieberkuehniidae , genera Lieberkuehnia, Claparedellus. • Family Edaphoallogromiidae , sole genus Edaphoallogromia. Wobo. • Family Schizamminidae , genera Jullienella, Schizammina, Spiculosiphon. • Family Velamentofexidae , sole genus Velamentofex. • Order Astrorhizida • Superfamily Xenophyophoroidea • Class Tubothalamea . Fusulinida probably belongs to this group. (P) • Superfamily Parvularugoglobigerinoidea • Family Parvularuglobigerinidae . Pseudocaucasina, Palaeoglobigerina, Parvularugoglobigerina. • Superfamily Eoglobigerinoidea • Family Eoglobigerinidae . Alicantina, Eoclavatorella, Eoglobigerina, Parasubbotina, Pseudoglobigerinella, Subbotina, Turbeogloborotalia. • Family Globoquadrinidae . Dentoglobigerina, Globoquadrina. • Family Neoacarininidae . Neoacarinina. • Family Porticulasphaeridae . Globigerinatheka, Guembelitrioides, Inordinatosphaera, Orbulinoides, Porticulasphaera. • Superfamily Globigerinoidea • Family Globigerinidae . Alloglobigerinoides, Ciperoella, Globigerina, Globicuniculus, Globigerinoides, Globigerinoidesella, Globoturborotalita, Trilobigerina [Trilobatus], Zeaglobigerina. • Family Globigerinellidae . Beella, Bolliella, Globigerinella, Orcadia, Protentella, Quiltyella. • Family Hastigerinidae . Hastigerina, Hastigerinella, Hastigerinopsis. • Family Orbulinidae . Biorbulina, Candorbulina, Orbulina, Praeorbulina. • Family Sphaeroidinellidae . Prosphaeroidinella, Sphaeroidinella, Sphaeroidinellopsis. • Family Turborotalitidae . Berggrenia, Turborotalita. • Superfamily Globorotalioidea • Family Catapsydracidae . Catapsydrax, Globigerinopsoides, Globigerinoita, Velapertina. • Family Globorotaloididae . Clavatorella, Globorotaloides, Protentelloides. • Family Globorotaliidae . Dentigloborotalia, Globoconella, Globorotalia, Hirsutella, Jenkinsella, Menardella, Neogloboquadrina, Paragloborotalia, Truncorotalia. • Family Pulleniatinidae . Pulleniatina. • Superfamily Globanomalinidoidea , family Globanomalinidae . Carinoturborotalia, Globanomalina, Luterbacheria, Planoglobanomalina, Turborotalia. • Superfamily Hantkeninoidea • Family Pseudohastigerinidae . Pseudohastigerina. • Family Hantkeninidae . Applinella, Aragonella, Clavigerinella, Cribrohantkenina, Hantkenina. • Superfamily Truncorotaloidinoidea • Family Globigerapsidae . Globigerapsis, Muricoglobigerina. • Family Planorotalitidae . Astrorotalia, Planorotalites. • Family Truncorotaloididae . Acarinina, Igorina, Morozovella, Morozovelloides, Pearsonites, Praemurica, Pseudogloboquadrina, Testacarinata, Truncorotaloides. • Order Globotruncanida • Spumellaria • Hexacromyoidea [Hexalonchata ] • Hexacaryidae : Clevepilegma , Haliphormis [Hexastylanthus, Hexastylettus; Hexastylissus; Hexastylurus], Hexacaryum , Hexalonchetta , Hexancistra [Hexancora], Hexapitys . • Hexacromyidae : Carpocanthum , Hexacromyum [Cubosphaera; Hexacontura], Hexalonchilla [Hexalonchusa; Staurolonchantha], Nanina [Pentactinosphaera]. • Hollandosphaeridae : Anomalosoma [Heterosoma , Hollandosphaera [Heliaster ], Tetrapetalon . • Spongosphaeroidea → Spongosphaeridae : Diplospongus , Spongodendron , Spongosphaera [Hexadoridium; Spongosphaeromma]. • Lithocyclioidea • Astracturidae : Astromma [Astractinium; Astractura; Astracturium; Astrococcura; Staurococcura], Amphactura [Dicoccura; Diplactinium], Hymeniastrum [Hymenastrella; Hymenactura; Hymenacturium; Trigonactinium; Hymenactinium; Pentactura; Trigonacturium]. • Lithocycliidae : Cromyatractus [Cromyatractium; Caryatractus], Heliosestrum [Heliosestantha; Astrosestrum; Astrosestantha; Astrophacura; Staurodiscus ]; Heliostylus [Astrostylus; Stylodiscus; Stylentodiscus], Lithocyclia [Astrocyclia; Coccodiscus], Phacostaurus [Phacostaurium, Astrostaurus, Crucidiscus, Heliostaurus, Sethostaurium, Sethostaurus, Staurentodiscus], Phacotriactis , Sethostylus [Sethostylium; Amphicyclia; Phacostylus; Phacostylium], Staurocyclia [Coccostaurus], Triactiscus [Trigonocyclia]. • Panartidae : Cannartus [Cannartidissa; Cannartiscus; Pipetta; Pipettaria; Pipettella; Druppula; Druppuletta], Diartus , Didymocyrtis [Artidium; Cyphinura; Cyphocolpus; Desmartus; Ommatocampula; Panaromium; Panartus; Panartella; Panartidium; Panartissa; Panartura; Peripanartium; Peripanartula; Peripanartus; Peripanicula], Spongolivella . • Phacodiscidae : Periphaena [Astrophacomma; Heliodiscomma; Perizona], Phacodiscus [Phacodiscinus; Astrophacilla; Paracenodiscus; Phacodisculus; Prunulum; Prunuletta; Sethodiscinus]. • Spongodiscoidea • Spongodiscidae : Spongaster [Spongastrella; Histiastrella], Spongodiscus [Spongodisculus], Spongotrochus [Spongotrochiscus]. • Euchitoniidae : Amphicraspedum [Amphicraspedon; Aphirrhopella], Dictyocoryne [Dictyocorynula; Dictyastrum; Dictyastrella; Euchitonia; Hymenastromma; Rhopalodictya; Rhopalodictyum; Styla; Pteractis], Hexinastrum [Hexalastromma; Pentalastromma; Pentinastrum], Ommatocampe [Ommatocampium; Amphymenium], Tessarastrum [Tessarastrella; Hagiastromma; Tessarostromma], Tricanastrum [Dicranaster; Dicranastrum; Myelastrella; Myelastrum; Spongomyelastrum; Myelastromma; Pentophiastromma; Spongodicranastrum; Spongohagiastrum; Spongopentophiastrum; Spongostaurina; Tetracranastrum; Triastrum], Trigonastrum [Trigonastrella; Rhopalastromma; Chitonastromma; Amphicraspedina; Amphirrhopoma; Dictyastromma; Monaxonium; Trigonastromma]. • Spongobrachiidae : Spongasteriscus [Spongasterisculus; Dictyocorynium], Spongastromma , Spongobrachium . • Cladococcoidea • Ethmosphaeridae : Cyrtidosphaera , Ethmosphaera , [Ethmosphaerella; Monosphaera], Haplosphaera , Heliosphaera [Heliosphaerella], Liosphaera [Melitomma, Craspedomma]. • Cladococcidae : Arachnosphaera [Arachnosphaerella], Arachnospongus , Cladococcus [Cladococcalis; Anomalacantha; Cladococcodes; Cladococcurus; Porococcus], Diplosphaera [Diplosphaeromma; Astrosphaera; Diplosphaerella; Leptosphaera; Leptosphaerella; Astrosphaerella; Astrospongus; Drymosphaeromma; Leptosphaeromma], Haeckeliella , Lychnosphaera [Rhizoplegmidium, Rhizospongus, Thalassoplegma]. • Trematodiscoidea → Trematodiscidae : Flustrella [Centrospira; Discospirella; Trematodiscus; Perichlamydium; Perispirella; Stylochlamyum], Staurospira [Staurodictyon; Tholodiscus; Xiphospira], Stylodictya [Stylodictyon; Stylochlamydium; Stylochlamys; Stylospongia; Stylocyclia; Stylospira], Tripodictya [Xiphodictyon]. • Haliommoidea • Actinommidae : Actinomma [Actinommetta; Haliommura; Rhaphidococcus; Riedelipyle; Dreyerella; Drymyomma; Cromyomma; Echinommura; Heliosomura; Spheropyle], Cromyechinus [Cromyodrymus], Rhaphidocapsa , Sphaeractis , Staurocaryum , Stomatosphaera , Stuermeria . • Haliommidae : Cromyosphaera [Cromyommetta; Cromyommura], Haliomma [Actinommilla; Cenosphaera; Circosphaera; Thecosphaerella], Haliommantha , Hexacontella , Melittosphaera [Conoactinomma], Pseudostaurosphaera [Pseudostaurolonche]. • Heliodiscidae : Actinommura [Excentrosphaerella], Excentrococcus , Excentrodiscus , Heliodiscus [Heliodiscilla, Heliocladus, Heliodiscetta, Heliodrymus, Heliodendrum, Heliosestilla], Helioferrusa , Phaenicosphaera [Dreyeropyle]. • Lithelioidea • Conocaryommidae : Conocaryomma [Conocromyomma]. • Litheliidae : Lithelius [Lithospira; Azerbaidjanicus], Middourium [Monobrachium], Spiremaria [Spiromultitunica], Spongocyclia [Lithocarpium; Ommatodiscinus; Ommatodiscus; Ommatodisculus]. • Phaseliformidae : Phaseliforma . • Pyramispongiidae : Pyramispongia [Nodotetraedra]. • Sponguridae : Ommatogramma [Spongurus; Spongocorisca; Spongurantha; Spongurella]. • Spongopyloidea • Spongopylidae : Schizodiscus , Spongobrachiopyle , Spongopyle [Spongopylarium], Spongospira . • Cristallosphaeridae : Calcaromma [Cristallosphaera], Enalomelon . • Prunopylidae : Prunopyle , Spongopylidium . • Phorticioidea [Larnacillilae ] • Amphitholidae • Circodiscidae • Cryptolarnaciidae • Histiastridae • Phorticiidae • Larcospiroidea • Dipylissidae • Larcospiridae • Palaeotetrapylidae • Pylodiscidae • Zonariidae • Pseudoaulophacoidea • Patulibracchiidae • Pseudoaulophacidae • Suttoniidae • Stylosphaeroidea • Entapiidae • Stylatractidae • Tubosphaeridae • Nassellaria . Artostrobus, Eucyrtidium, Lithomelissa, Pterocanium, Pterocorys. • Collodaria . Acrosphaera, Collosphaera, Collozoum, Sphaerozoum, Rhaphidozoum, Siphonsphaera, Thalassicolla. • Orodaria • Tetrentactiniidae . Multisphaera. • Triassothamnidae . Triassothamnus. ==Excavates==

Malawimonadida • Malawimonadidae . Gefionella, Malawimonas. • Imasidae . Imasa. These were later split into other groups such as the Parabasalia and Preaxostyla (over 260 and 140 species respectively), regarded as individual phyla. After rRNA phylogenetic analyses demonstrated their relatedness, the concept of metamonads was reintroduced by Cavalier-Smith as a monophyletic phylum Metamonada that includes both groups, as well as the anaerobic Fornicata (e.g., the free-living Carpediemonas and the parasitic Giardia; around 140 species). and the higher classification of Metamonada was revised by Cavalier-Smith in 2021. Two new smaller clades of metamonads have been described in addition: anaeramoebae and the 'BaSk' clade, containing barthelonids and skoliomonads. However, Parabasalia was treated as a separate phylum by the 2024 revision, instead of a member of phylum Metamonada. • Order Barthelonida , family Barthelonidae , genera Barthelona, Microbarthelona, Parabarthelona. • Order Skoliomonadida , family Skoliomonadidae , genus Skoliomonas. • Subphylum Anaeromonada (=Preaxostyla ), class Anaeromonadea • Order Trimastigida , family Trimastigidae , genus Trimastix. • Order Paratrimastigida , family Paratrimastigidae , genus Paratrimastix. • Order Oxymonadida . Genus not assigned to any family: Opisthomitus. • Family Oxymonadidae, genera Barroella, Oxymonas, Microrhopalodina, Sauromonas, Oxymonites, Microrhopalodites, Sauromonites. • Family Polymastigidae, genera Blattamonas, Brachymonas, Monocercomonoides, Paranotila, Polymastix, Tubulimonoides. • Family Pyrsonymphidae, genera Dinenympha, Pyrsonympha, Dinenymphites, Pyrsonymphites. • Family Saccinobaculidae, genera Notila, Saccinobaculus. • Family Streblomastigidae, genus Streblomastix. • Subphylum Trichozoa • Infraphylum Fornicata • "Carpediemonas-like organisms" , genera Aduncisulcus, Carpediemonas, Ergobibamus, Hicanonectes. • Order Dysnectida , family Dysnectidae , genus Dysnectes. • Family Kipferliidae , genus Kipferlia. • Class Eopharyngea • Family Caviomonadidae , genera Caviomonas*, Iotanema, Euthynema. • Order Retortamonadida , family Retortamonadidae , genus Retortamonas. • Order Diplomonadida (=Diplozoa ) • Suborder Distomatina (=Hexamitinae ). Enteromonas, Gyromonas*, Hexamita, Spironucleus, Trepomonas, Trigonomonas*, Trimitus. • Suborder Giardiina (=Giardiinae ). Brugerolleia*, Giardia, Octomitus. • Order Chilomastigida , family Chilomastigidae , genus Chilomastix. • Infraphylum Parabasalia . Genera incertae sedis: Chilomitus, Rhizonympha, Tricercomitus, Trichocovina. • Class Hypotrichomonadea , order Hypotrichomonadida , family Hypotrichomonadidae , genera Hypotrichomonas, Trichomitus. • Class Pimpavickea , order Pimpavickida , family Pimpavickidae , genera Pimpavicka, Alexandriella. • Class Trichomonadea • Order Honigbergiellida • Family Hexamastigidae , genus Hexamastix. • Family Honigbergiellidae , genera Honigbergiella, Ditrichomonoides, Honigbergiellopsis, Monotrichomonas. • Family Cthulhuidae , genera Cthulhu, Cthylla, Nyarlathotep. • Family Tetratrichomastigidae , genus Tetratrichomastix. • Order Trichomonadida . Genera incertae sedis: Pseudotrichomonas, Paleotrichomones. • Order Gigantomonadida , family Gigantomonadidae , genus Gigantomonas. • Class Dientamoebea , order Dientamoebida , family Dientamoebidae , genera Dientamoeba, Histomonas, Parahistomonas, Protrichomonas. • Class Monocercomonadea , order Monocercomonadida , family Monocercomonadidae , genus Monocercomonas. • Class Simplicimonadea , order Simplicimonadida , family Simplicimonadidae , genus Simplicimonas. • Class Tritrichomonadea , order Tritrichomonadida , family Tritrichomonadidae , genus Tritrichomonas. • Class Spirotrichonymphea • Order Cononymphida , family Cononymphidae , genus Cononympha. • Order Holomastigotoidida , family Holomastigotoididae , genera Holomastigotoides, Rostronympha. • Order Spirotrichonymphida • Family Brugerollinidae , genera Brugerollina, Pseudospironympha. • Family Fraterculidae , genera Fraterculus, Cuppa. • Family Holomastigotidae , genera Holomastigotes, Spiromastigotes, Spirotrichonymphella, Uteronympha. • Family Spirotrichonymphidae , genera Spirotrichonympha, Microjoenia, Micromastigotes, Nanospironympha, Spironympha, Torquenympha. Discoba Jakobida • Ophirinina • Ophirinidae . Ophirina. • Andalucina • Andaluciidae . Andalucia. • Stygiellidae . while the usage by Cavalier-Smith and collaborators was restricted to a paraphyletic class of "traditional" heteroloboseans, with the name Percolozoa used for the phylum instead. The first comprehensive phylogenomic study of Heterolobosea was published in 2025 by Tomáš Pánek and coauthors, resulting in its modern classification. Phylum Heterolobosea (=Percolozoa ) • Subphylum Pharyngomonada • Class Pharyngomonadea • Order Pharyngomonadida • Family Pharyngomonadidae , genus Pharyngomonas. • Subphylum Tetramitia • Multisulcus malaysiensis • Family Orodruinidae , genera Gruberella, Orodruina, Stachyamoeba. • Class Selenaionea • Order Neovahlkampfiida • Family Neovahlkampfiidae , genus Neovahlkampfia. • Order Selenaionida • Family Selenaionidae , genus Selenaion. • Class Eutetramitea . Genera not assigned to any order and family: Euplaesiobystra, Fumarolamoeba, Heteramoeba, Parafumarolamoeba, Paravahlkampfia, Oramoeba, Vrihiamoeba. • Order Naegleriida (=Heterolobosea ). Genera not assigned to any family: Aurem, Marinamoeba. • Family Acrasidae , genera Acrasis, Allovahlkampfia, Pocheina. • Family Naegleriidae , genera Naegleria, Willaertia, Trimastigamoeba*. • Family Tulamoebidae , genera Pleurostomum, Tulamoeba. • Family Vahlkampfiidae , genera Tetramitus, Vahlkampfia, Pseudovahlkampfia*, Tetramastigamoeba*. • Order Percolomonadida • Family Barbeliidae , genera Barbelia, Nonamonas. • Family Lulaidae , genus Lula. • Family Percolomonadidae , genus Percolomonas. • Order Pseudociliatida • Family Stephanopogonidae , genus Stephanopogon. • Order Creneida • Family Creneidae , genus Creneis. • Order Lyromonadida • Family Psalteriomonadidae , genera Harpagon, Psalteriomonas, Monopylocystis, Pseudoharpagon, Sawyeria, Lyromonas. Euglenozoa The phylum Euglenozoa is home to at least 2,000 described species of single-celled flagellates of very dissimilar lifestyles. It was originally proposed to group the euglenids (such as the photosynthetic Euglena) and the kinetoplastids (like the pathogenic Trypanosoma), usually studied separatedly; eventually it included diplonemids and symbiontids as well. Due to its share of photosynthetic species, traditionally regarded as algae, the phylum is also known as Euglenophyta by phycologists, and euglenids in particular were often studied as algae. Euglenids and kinetoplastids are the most diverse in terms of described species, although diplonemids may compose over 67,000 potential species. remains unresolved in the current classification, spread out across multiple clades. Phylum Euglenozoa • Class Euglenida (=Euglenoida ). Genera not assigned to any lower clade: Moyeria, Entosiphon, Gaulosia. Genera incertae sedis: Atraktomonas*, Calycimonas*, Dolium*, Dylakosoma*, Tropidoscyphus*, Michajlowastasia*, Parastasiella*, Dinemula*, Paradinemula*, Mononema*, Ovicola*, Embryocola*, Copromonas*. • Order Petalomonadida , genera Biundula, Notosolenus, Pentamonas*, Petalomonas, Scytomonas, Sphenomonas. • Alistosa , genera Ploeotia, Serpenomonas, Keelungia, Lentomonas, Decastava. • Karavia , genera Hemiolia, Liburna. • Olkaspira . Genera not assigned to any lower clade: Chelandium, Olkasia. • Spirocuta (=Helicales ) • Anisonemia • Order Anisonemida , family Anisonemidae , genera Anisonema, Dinema (=Dinematomonas), Heteronema. • Order Natomonadida • Suborder Metanemina, , family Neometanemidae , genus Neometanema. • Aphagea (=Rhabdomonadina ) • Genus Distigma • Family Astasiidae , genera Astasia, Gyropaigne, Menoidium, Parmidium, Rhabdomonas. • Order Peranemida (Peranematales) , family Peranemidae (Peranemataceae) , genera Chasmostoma, Jenningsia (=Peranemopsis), Peranema, Teloprocta, Urceolus (=Urceolopsis, Phialonema). • Euglenophyceae (=Euglenea ). Genera incertae sedis: Ascoglena*, Euglenamorpha*, Euglenopsis*, Glenoclosterium*, Hegneria*, Klebsina*, Euglenocapsa*. • Order Rapazida , family Rapazidae , genus Rapaza. • Subclass Euglenophycidae • Order Eutreptiales (Eutreptiida) , family Eutreptiaceae (Eutreptiidae) , genera Eutreptia, Eutreptiella. • Order Euglenales (Euglenida) • Family Phacaceae (Phacidae) , genera Discoplastis, Flexiglena, Lepocinclis, Phacus. • Family Euglenaceae (Euglenidae) , genera Colacium, Cryptoglena, Euglena, Euglenaformis, Euglenaria, Monomorphina, Strombomonas, Trachelomonas. • Class Symbiontida (=Postgaardea ), genera Bihospites, Calkinsia, Postgaardi. • Class Diplonemea , order Diplonemida • Family Diplonemidae , genera Diplonema, Rhynchopus, Lacrimia, Sulcionema, Flectonema. • Family Hemistasiidae , genera Hemistasia, Namystinia, Artemidia. • Family Eupelagonemidae , genus Eupelagonema. • Class Kinetoplastea . Genera incertae sedis: Bordnamonas*, Cephalothamnium*, Desmomonas*, Jarrellia*, Lamellasoma*. • Subclass Prokinetoplastina , order Prokinetoplastida • Family Ichthyobodonidae , genus Ichthyobodo. • Family Perkinselidae , genus Perkinsela (="Perkinsiella", Hollandeia). Azumiobodo, Cruzella, Cryptaulaxella, Klosteria, Neobodo, Phanerobia, Rhynchobodo. • Family Rhynchomonadidae , genera Dimastigella, Rhynchomonas. • Family Allobodonidae , genera Allobodo, Novijibodo. • Order Parabodonida • Family Cryptobiidae , genera Cryptobia, Parabodo. • Family Trypanoplasmatidae , genera Procryptobia, Trypanoplasma. • Order Eubodonida , family Bodonidae , genus Bodo. • Order Trypanosomatida , family Trypanosomatidae . Genera not assigned to subfamilies: Jaenimonas, Vickermania, Sergeia, Wallacemonas. Genera incertae sedis: Cercoplasma, Malacozoomonas, Nematodomonas, Rhynchoidomonas, Paleoleishmania . • Subfamily Trypanosomatinae , genus Trypanosoma. • Subfamily Leishmaniinae • Infrafamily Crithidiatae , genera Leptomonas, Crithidia, Lotmaria. • Infrafamily Leishmaniatae , genera Leishmania, Porcisia, Endotrypanum, Novymonas Zelonia, Borovskyia. • Subfamily Herpetomonadinae (=Phytomonadinae ), genera Herpetomonas, Lafontella, Phytomonas. • Subfamily Strigomonadinae , genera Angomonas, Strigomonas, Kentomonas. • Subfamily Blastocrithidiinae , genera Blastocrithidia, Obscuromonas. • Subfamily Blechomonadinae , genus Blechomonas. • Subfamily Paratrypanosomatinae , genus Paratrypanosoma. == Minor clades ==

Ancyromonadida • Divimonas • Ancyromonadidae . Ancyromonas, Nutomonas. • Planomonadidae . Fabomonas, Planomonas. CRuMs • Diphyllatea → Diphylleida [Anisomonadea ] → Diphylleidae [Collodictyonidae ; Sulcomonadidae ]: Collodictyon , Diphylleia [Aulacomonas ], Sulcomonas . • Hilomonadea → Rigifilida [Micronucleariida ] • Micronucleariidae : Micronuclearia . • Rigifilidae : Rigifila . • Glissodiscea → Mantamonadida → Mantamonadidae : Mantamonas . • Glissandrida → Glissandridae : Disparia Disparia is a clade that unites several predatory protists, namely the provorans, hemimastigotes, and two mysterious genera Meteora and Solarion. It was described in 2025 through phylogenomic analyses that accompanied the discovery of Solarion. Prior to these analyses, provorans, hemimastigotes and Meteora were considered 'orphan' taxa, with unstable phylogenetic positions. The first provoran, Ancoracysta twista, was briefly proposed to be related to Haptista. However, in 2024 there was already evidence of a close affinity between Meteora, hemimastigotes, and provorans. Caelestes The phylum Caelestes, described in 2025, encompasses two monotypic genera of protists with a unique stalked extrusome used for immobilizing prey bacteria. Their morphology resembles that of celestial bodies, after which they are named. Only one of the genera, Solarion, is assigned to a family, and no classes or orders have been defined. they remained an orphan group for decades due to the absence of genetic information, with taxonomists hypothesizing affinities to many different protists. In 2018, two hemimastigotes were successfully sequenced and a phylogenomic analysis revealed their deep-branching placement near Diaphoretickes. Between 2024 and 2025, a closer relationship with the clades Provora and Caelestes was resolved. Stereonema. • Family Paramastigidae , genus Paramastix. Provora Provorans compose two ancient phyla of predatory microbes and a total of eight described species. They are small, fast-swimming predators capable of consuming larger prey, but are easily confused with other protists due to their unremarkable appearance; they required meticulous study to be recognized. Provora • Phylum Nebulidia , class Nebulidea , order Nebulidida , family Nebulidae , genera Ancoracysta, Nebulomonas. • Phylum Nibbleridia , class Nibbleridea , order Nibbleridida , family Nibbleridae , genera Nibbleromonas, Ubysseya. Telonemia The phylum Telonemia (telonemids) contains a few species of flagellates found in ocean and fresh waters worldwide. It was originally proposed in 2006 for Telonema, a genus of previously uncertain affinity. Under the Cavalier-Smith system, telonemids were initially classified as a class of Cryptista, but environmental DNA sequencing suggested there were many more species not yet described. Between 2022 and 2025, eight additional species were described along with three new genera, bringing the total number of species to ten. • Phylum Telonemia , class Telonemea , order Telonemida , family Telonemidae , genera Arpakorses, Lateronema, Hyaloria, Microkorses, Telonema. ==Protists of uncertain affiliation==

Acinetactis, Actinastrum, Actinocoma, Actinolophus, Adinomonas, Aletium, Amphimonas, Amylophagus, Aphelidiopsis, Asterocaelum, Asthmatos, Aurospora, Barbetia, Berkeleyaesol, Belaria, Belonocystis, Bertarellia, Bertramia, Bodopsis, Boekelovia, Branchipocola, Camptoptyche, Chalarodora, Cibdelia, Cichkovia, Cinetidomyxa, Cingula, Cladomonas, Clathrella, Codonoeca, Coelosporidium, Copromonas, Cyanomastix, Cyclomonas, Cytamoeba, Dallingeria, Dictyomyxa, Dimastigamoeba, Dinemula, Dinoasteromonas, Diplocalium, Diplomita, Diplophysalis, Diploselmis, Dobellina, Ducelleria, Ectobiella, Elaeorhanis, Embryocola, Endemosarca, Endobiella, Endomonas, Endospora, Enteromyxa, Eperythrocytozoon, Errera, Fromentella, Gweamonas, Gymnococcus, Gymnophrydium, Haematotractidium, Hartmannina, Heliobodo, Heliomonas, Hermisenella, Heterogromia, Hillea, Hyalodaktylethra, Immanoplasma, Isoselmis, Janickina, Kamera, Labyrinthomyxa , Lagenidiopsis, Liegeosia, Luffisphaera, Lymphocytozoon, Lymphosporidium, Macappella, Magosphaera, Malpighiella, Martineziella, Megamoebomyxa, Microcometes, Monochrysis, Monodus, Mononema, Myrmicisporidium, Naupliicola, Nephrodinium, Neurosporidium, Orbulinella, Ovicola, Palisporomonas, Pansporella, Paradinemula, Parakaryon, Paraluffisphaera, Paramonas, Paraplasma, Parastasia, Parastasiella, Peliainia, Peltomonas, Petasaria, Phagodinium, Phanerobia, Phloxamoeba, Phyllomitus, Phyllomonas, Physcosporidium, Pleuophrys, Pleuromastix, Protenterospora, Protomonas, Pseudoactiniscus, Pseudosporopsis, Rhizomonas, Rhynchodinium, Rigidomastix, Schewiakoffia, Sergentella, Serpentoplasma, Sphaerasuctans, Spongastericus, Spongocyclia, Stephanomonas, Strobilomonas, Tetradimorpha, Thaulirens, Topsentella, Toshiba, Trichonema, Urbanella. ==See also==