List of the Cenozoic life of Virginia

• †Abdounia • †Abdounia beaugei • †Abdounia minutissima • †Abdounia recticona • Abies • †Abra • †Abra aequalis • Acanthocybium • †Acanthocybium proosti • Accipiter • , or sharp-shinned hawks †Accipiter striatus'' • †Achilleodinium • †Achilleodinium bioformoides • Acipenser • Acmaea • Acteocina • †Acteocina canaliculata • †Acteocina candei • Acteon • †Acteon novellus • †Actinocyclus • †Actinocyclus ellipticus • †Actinoptychus • †Actinoptychus marylandicus • †Actinoptychus virginicus • , or spotted sandpiper Actitis'' – or unidentified comparable form • †Actitis macularia • †Adeorbis • Aegolius • †Aegolius acadicus • Aequipecten • †Aequipecten eboreus • Aetobatus • †Aetobatus arcuatus • †Aetobatus irregularis • Aetomylaeus • Agelaius • †Agelaius phoeniceus • †Aglaocetus'' • †Aglaocetus patulus – type locality for species • †Aglyptorhynchus • †Aglyptorhynchus venablesi • Albula • †Albula eppsi • Alca • †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form • Alces – or unidentified comparable form • †Alces alces • Aligena • †Aligena aequata • †Allaeochelys'' • Alnus • †Alopecias • †Alopecias grandis – type locality for species • Alopias • Aluterus • †Ambystoma • Amia • Amiantis – tentative report • Ammonia • †Ammonia limbatobeccarii • †Ammonia sobrina • †Ammonia tepida • †Amonia • †Amonia limbatobeccarii • †Amonia limbatobeccarrii • †Amonia sobrina • †Amonia tepida • †Ampelopsis • Amyda'' – or unidentified comparable form • †Amyda pennata • Anachis • †Anachis avara • †Anachis camax – or unidentified comparable form • †Anachis harrisii • Anadara • †Anadara arata • †Anadara callicestosa • †Anadara lienosa • †Anadara ovalis • , or transverse ark clam †Anadara transversa'' • †Anapteris • †Anapteris regalis • Anas • †Anas crecca • †Anas discors • †Anas platyrhynchos – or unidentified comparable form • Anguilla • †Anguilla bostoniensis – or unidentified comparable form • †Anguispira • land snail, or flamed tigersnail †Anguispira alternata'' • Angulus • †Angulus agilis • †Angulus texanus • Anisodonta – tentative report • Anomia • †Anomia lisbonensis • †Anomia ruffini • †Anomia simplex • †Anomotodon • †Anomotodon novus • , or knifetooth sawfish Anoxypristis'' • †Anoxypristis macrodens • †Anthus – or unidentified comparable form • †Anthus spinoletta • Aporrhais • †Aporrhais potomacensis • †Araloselachus • †Araloselachus cuspidata • Arbacia • †Arbacia improcera • †Archaeohippus • †Archaeomanta • †Archaeomanta melenhorsti • Architectonica • †Architectonica ianthinae • , or short-faced bear, with a human to scale †Arctodus'' • †Arctodus simus • Argobuccinum • Argopecten • †Argopecten gibbus • Arius – tentative report • Arossia • †Arossia glyptopoma • †Arossia newmani • †Ashleychelys • †Ashleychelys palmeri • Asio • , or Short-eared owl †Asio flammeus'' – or unidentified comparable form • †Aspideretoides • †Aspideretoides virginianus – type locality for species • Astarte • †Astarte castanea • †Astarte cobhamensis • †Astarte coheni • †Astarte concentrica • †Astarte deltoidea • †Astarte exaltata • †Astarte obruta • †Astarte perplana • †Astarte rappahannockensis • †Astarte undulata • †Astarte vaginulata • Astrangia • †Astrangia danae • †Astroscopus • Astyris • †Astyris communis • †Astyris lunata • Athleta'' • †Athleta haleanus – or unidentified comparable form • †Athleta petrosa • †Athleta tuomeyi • †Atractodon • †Atractodon stonei ==B==

• Balaena • †Balaena ricei – type locality for species • Balaenoptera • †Balaenotus'' • Balanophyllia • †Balanophyllia conradi – type locality for species • †Balanophyllia elaborata • Balanus • †Balanus improvisus • †Balbocerosoma • Barbatia • †Barbatia carolinensis – tentative report • Barnea • †Barnea costata • †Barnea truncata • Bartramia • †Bartramia longicauda • †Basilotritus • †Basilotritus wardii • Bathytormus • †Bathytormus alaeformis • †Beckettia – tentative report • Betula • Bicorbula • †Bicorbula idonea • Bison • †Bison bison • Bittiolum • †Bittiolum alternatum • Blarina • †Blarina brevicauda • †Bohaskaia'' – type locality for genus • †Bohaskaia monodontoides – type locality for species • †Bolcyrus – or unidentified comparable form • †Bolcyrus formosissimus • Bolivina • Bombycilla • †Bombycilla cedrorum • Bonasa • †Bonasa umbellus • †Bonasa umbrellus • †Bootherium • '', or Harlan's musk ox. †Bootherium bombifrons • Boreotrophon • †Boreotrophon tetricus • Bornia • †Bornia longipes • †Bornia triangulata • Bos • †Bos taurus • Bostrycapulus • †Bostrycapulus aculeatus • Botaurus • †Botaurus lentiginosus • Brachidontes • †Brachidontes potomacensis • Brachiodontes • Branta • †Branta bernicla • †Brevirostrodelphis • †Brevirostrodelphis dividum • †Brevoortia • †Brychaetus • †Brychaetus muelleri • Bubo • , or great horned owl †Bubo virginianus'' • Buccella • †Buccella depressa • †Buccinifusus • †Buccinifusus parilis • Buccinofusus • †Buccinofusus parilis • Buccinum • †Buccinum undatum • Bucephala • †Bucephala albeola • (formerly Bufo fowleri''), or Fowler's toad Bufo • †Bufo woodhousei • Buliminella • †Buliminella elegantissima – or unidentified comparable form • †Bulliopsis • †Bulliopsis quadrata • †Burnhamia • †Burnhamia daviesi • Busycon • †Busycon carica • †Busycon caricum • whelk †Busycon contrarium'' • †Busycon coronatum • †Busycon incile • †Busycon maximum • †Busycon maximus • Busycotypus • †Busycotypus canaliculatus • †Busycotypus coronatum • †Busycotypus incile • †Busycotypus rugosum • Buteo • , or red-tailed hawk †Buteo jamaicensis'' • †Buteo lineatus • †Buteo platypterus ==C==

• †Cacharias • Cadulus • †Cadulus thallus • Caecum • †Caecum cooperi • Caestocorbula • †Caestocorbula fossata • †Calasoma • †Calippus • †Calippus regulus – or unidentified comparable form • top sea snail Calliostoma'' • †Calliostoma bellum • †Calliostoma philanthropus • †Calliostoma philothropus • †Calliostoma virginicum • †Callippus • †Callippus regulus – or unidentified comparable form • Callista • †Callista perovata • Callocardia • †Callocardia catharia • Calonectris • †Calonectris kurodai – type locality for species • †Calophos • †Calophos plicatile • †Calorhadia • †Calorhadia bella • †Calorhadia opulenta • †Calorhadia semen • †Calyptraphorus • †Calyptraphorus trinodiferus • †Calyptraphorus velatus • Cambarus • †Cambarus bartonii – or unidentified comparable form • †Cambarus longulus – or unidentified comparable form • †Campanuyla • Canachites • †Canachites canadensis • †Canarium • †Canarium parksii • Cancellaria • Cancer • †Cancer irroratus • Canis • , the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf †Canis dirus'' • †Canis latrans • †Canis lupus – or unidentified comparable form • Cantharus • †Cantharus marylandicus • Canthon • Capella • †Capella gallinago • Carcharhinus • Carcharias • †Carcharias hopei • †Carcharias teretidens • Carcharodon • , or broad-toothed mako †Carcharodon hastalis'' • Carditamera • †Carditamera arata • †Caricella • †Carinorbis • †Carinorbis dalli • †Carolinapecten • †Carolinapecten eboreus • †Carolinapecten urbannaensis • †Carolinochelys • †Carolinochelys wilsoni • Carphophis • †Carphophis amoenus • Carya • Caryocorbula • †Caryocorbula caribaea • †Caryocorbula conradi • †Caryocorbula contracta • †Caryocorbula deusseni • Castor • †Castor canadensis • †Castoroides'' • †Castoroides ohioensis • Catharus • †Catinella • Catoptrophorus • †Catoptrophorus semipalmatus • †Catostomus • Celtis • †Celtis occidentalis • Cerithiopsis • †Cerithiopsis greenii • Certhia • †Certhia familiaris • †Cervalces – tentative report • †Cervalces scotti • Cervus • †Cervus elaphus • Cetorhinus • †Cetotherium'' • †Cetotherium crassangulum – type locality for species • Chaetura • †Chaetura pelagica • Chama • †Chama congregata • †Charadrisu • †Charadrisu vociferus • Charadrius • †Charadrius vociferus • Chelydra • , or common snapping turtle †Chelydra serpentina'' • †Chesacardium • †Chesacardium acutilaqueatum • †Chesacardium laqueatum • †Chesaconcavus • †Chesaconcavus myosulcatus • †Chesaconcavus proteus • †Chesaconcavus rossi • †Chesaconcavus santamaria • †Chesapactern • †Chesapactern madisonius • †Chesapecten • †Chesapecten clintonius • †Chesapecten coccymelus • †Chesapecten edgecombensis • †Chesapecten jeffersonius'' • †Chesapecten madisonianis • †Chesapecten madisonius • †Chesapecten middlesexensis • †Chesapecten nefrens • †Chesapecten santamaria • Chione • †Chione cancellata • †Chione cribraria • Chlamys • †Chlamys brookvillensis • †Chlamys choctavensis • †Chlamys decemaria • †Chlamys johnsoni • †Chlamys santamaria • †Chlamys seabeensis • †Chlamys vaunwythei – or unidentified comparable form • †Chlamys wahtubbeana • †Chordeiles • , or common nighthawk †Chordeiles minor'' • Cibicides • †Cibicides lobatulus • Cingula • †Cingula norfolkensis • Circulus • †Circulus liratus • Cirsotrema • Cistothorus • †Cistothorus platensis – or unidentified comparable form • Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature • †Clavus eburnea • †Cleistosphaeridium • †Cleistosphaeridium placacanthum • Clethrionomys • †Clethrionomys gapperi • Clidiophora • †Clidiophora crassidens • sponge Cliona'' • Coccyzus • †Cochliolepsis • Colaptes • †Colaptes auratus • Colinus • †Colinus virginianus • Coluber • †Coluber constrictor • †Columella • †Columella simplex • whelk sea snails Colus'' • †Colus pygmaeus • Condylura • †Condylura cristata • †Condylura crystata • †Conradostrea • †Conradostrea sculpturata • Contopus • †Contopus virens • †Contropus • †Contropus virens • Conus • †Conus adversarius • †Conus deluvianus • †Conus diluvianus • †Conus marylandicus • basket clam Corbula'' • †Corbula extenuata • †Corbula inaequalis • †Corbula subengota • †Corbula texana • †Coronia • †Corrundinium • Corvus • †Corvus brachyrhynchos • †Corynorynchus • †Costaglycymeris • †Costaglycymeris mixoni • †Costaglycymeris subovata • †Costaglycymeris virginiae • Cotonopsis • †Cotonopsis lafresnayi • †Coturnipes – or unidentified comparable form • †Coturnipes cooperi • †Coupatezia • †Coupatezia woatersi • Crassatella • †Crassatella aquiana – type locality for species • Crassinella • †Crassinella lunulata • †Crassinella minor • Crassostrea • †Crassostrea virginica • Crepidula • †Crepidula convexa • †Crepidula dumosa • †Crepidula fornicata • †Crepidula plana • †Crepidula radiata • †Crepidula spinosium • †Cretolamna'' • †Cretolamna appendiculata • Cribrilina • †Cribrilina punctata • †Cribroperidinium • Crocodylus • †Crocodylus antiquus – type locality for species • Crotalus • †Crotalus adamanteus – or unidentified comparable form • †Crotalus horridus • Crucibulum • †Crucibulum constrictum • †Crucibulum costata • †Crucibulum ramosum • †Crucibulum striatum • Cryptobranchus • , or hellbender salamander †Cryptobranchus alleganiensis'' • †Cryptogramma • †Cryptogramma acrosticoides • Cryptosula • †Cryptosula pallasiana • Cryptotis • †Cryptotis parva • Ctena • †Ctena speciosa • †Cubitostrea • †Cubitostrea divaricata • †Cubitostrea sellaeformis • , or false ark shell Cucullaea'' • †Cucullaea gigantea • †Cucullaea transversa • Cumingia • †Cumingia tellinoides • †Cuneocorbula • †Cuneocorbula subengonata • Cupuladria • †Cupuladria biporosa • †Cupuladria owenii • Cyanocitta • †Cyanocitta cristata • Cyclocardia • †Cyclocardia borealis • †Cyclocardia granulata • †Cyclopoma'' • †Cyclopoma folmeri – type locality for species • Cyclostremiscus • †Cyclostremiscus obliquestriatus • Cylichna • †Cylichna cylindricus • †Cylichna cylindrus • †Cylichna venusta • †Cylindracanthus • †Cylindracanthus rectus • †Cymatogonia • †Cymatogonia amblyoceros • Cymatosyrinx • †Cymatosyrinx lunata • †Cynelos'' • †Cynelos idoneus – or unidentified comparable form • Cynoscion • Cyrtopleura • †Cyrtopleura arcuata • †Cyrtopleura costata ==D==

• †Dallarca • †Dallarca carolinensis • †Dallarca elevata • †Dallarca idonea • †Dallarca virginiae • Dasyatis • Dasypus • , or beautiful armadillo †Dasypus bellus'' – or unidentified comparable form • †Deflandrea • †Deflandrea phosphoritica • †Delphineis • †Delphineis angustata • †Delphineis biseriata • †Delphineis novaecaesaraea • †Delphineis penelliptica • Dendrocopos • †Dendrocopos pubescens • †Dendrocopos villosus • †Dendrogapus – or unidentified comparable form • †Dendrogapus canadensis • †Dendroica – or unidentified comparable form • , or yellow-rumped warbler †Dendroica coronata'' • Dentalium • †Dentalium alternatum • †Dentalium attenuatum • †Dentalium carolinense • †Dentalium carolinensis • †Denticulopsis • †Denticulopsis hustedtii • Dentimargo • †Dentimargo aureocinctus • Desmognathus • Diadophis • Dicaelus • †Diemichtylus • †Diemichtylus viridescens • Dinocardium • †Dinocardium robustum • Diodora • †Diodora auroraensis – or unidentified comparable form • †Diodora redimicula • †Diorocetus • †Diorocetus hiatus • †Diplocynodon • †Diplocynodon hantoniensis • Diplodonta • †Diplodonta acclinis • †Diplodonta hopkinsensis • †Diplodonta leana • †Diplodonta punctata • †Diplodonta ungulina • Discinisca • †Discinisca lugubris • †Discoaster • Discoporella • †Discoporella umbellata • Discus • land snail, or angular disc †Discus catskillensis'' • Divalinga • †Divalinga quadrisulcata • †Dolicholatirus • †Dolichonyx – or unidentified comparable form • †Dolichonyx oryzivorus • †Dollochelys – tentative report • Donax • †Donax parvula • †Donax variabilis • Dosinia • †Dosinia acetabulm • †Dosinia acetabulum • †Dosinia discus • †Dosiniopsis • †Dosiniopsis lenticularis • Dryocopus • , or pileated woodpecker †Dryocopus pileatus'' ==E==

• †Eburneopecten • †Eburneopecten dalli • †Eburneopecten scintillatus – or unidentified comparable form • Echinocardium • †Echinocardium orthonotum • Echinorhinus • †Echinorhinus priscus • †Ecphora • †Ecphora gardnerae • †Ecphora kochi • †Ecphora quadricostata • †Ecphora tampaensis • †Ectopistes • , or passenger pigeon †Ectopistes migratorius'' • †Egertonia • †Egertonia isodonta • Elaphe • †Elaphe guttata – or unidentified comparable form • †Elaphe obsoleta – or unidentified comparable form • Electra • †Electra monostachys • Elphidium • †Elphidium articulatum • †Elphidium brooklynense • †Elphidium clavatum • †Elphidium discoidale • †Elphidium excavatum • †Elphidium galvestonense • †Elphidium gunteri • †Elphidium incertum • †Elphidium latispatium • †Elphidium subarticum • †Elphidium tumidum • †Elytrocysta • †Empidonax • Ensis • †Ensis directus • †Ensis ensiformis • pursued by the giant shark Carcharocles megalodon †Eobalaenoptera'' – type locality for genus • †Eobalaenoptera harrisoni – type locality for species • Eontia • †Eontia ponderosa • †Eopleurotoma – or unidentified comparable form • †Eopleurotoma harrisi • †Eopleurotoma potomacensis • †Eosphargis • †Eosphargis gigas • †Eosphargis insularis • †Eosuchus • †Eosuchus lerichei • †Eosuchus minor • Epitonium • †Epitonium angulatum • †Epitonium championi • †Epitonium humphreysii • †Epitonium multistriatum • †Epitonium potomacense • †Epitonium rupicola • †Epitonium virginianum • Eptesicus • †Eptesicus fuscus • Equus • †Equus complicatus • †Equus fraternus • Eremophila • †Eremophila alpestris • Erethizon • †Erethizon dorsatum • Erolia • †Erolia minutilla • †Erycinella • †Erycinella ovalis • Eschrichtius • †Eschrichtius leptocentrus – type locality for species • , or gray whale †Eschrichtius robustus'' • Esox • †Esox americanus – or unidentified comparable form • †Esthonyx – or unidentified comparable form • Eucrassatella • Eulima • †Eulima dalli • †Eulima rectiuscula • †Euloxa • †Euloxa latisulcata • Eumeces • †Eumeces laticeps – or unidentified comparable form • Eupleura • †Eupleura caudata • (above) †Eurhinodelphis'' • †Eurhinodelphis longirostris • Euspira • †Euspira heros • †Euspira marylandica • Eutamias • †Eutamias minimus • Euvola ==F==

• Falco • , or American kestrel †Falco sparverius'' • Felis • †Felis domesticus • Ficus • †Ficus affinis • †Fisherichthys – type locality for genus • †Fisherichthys folmeri – type locality for species • Flabellum • Fossarus • †Fossarus lura • †Fossarus lyra • Fusinus • †Fusinus exilis ==G==

• Gadus • , or tiger shark Galeocerdo'' • †Galeocerdo aduncus • †Galeocerdo contortus • †Galeocerdo latidens • Galeodea • Galeorhinus • †Galeorhinus ypresiensis • Galerita • †Galerita bicolor – or unidentified comparable form • Gallinula • †Gallinula chloropus • Gari • Gastrochaena • Gastrocopta • †Gastrocopta armifera • †Gastrocopta contracta • Gavia • †Gavialosuchus'' • †Gavialosuchus antiquus • Gemma • †Gemma magna • †Gemma purpurea • Genota – or unidentified comparable form • †Genota bellistriata • Geomys • Geukensia • †Geukensia demissa • Gibbula – tentative report • †Gibbula glandula • nurse shark Ginglymostoma'' • †Ginglymostoma africanam • †Ginglymostoma serra • †Ginglymostoma subafricanum • †Glaphyrocysta • Glaucomys • †Glaucomys sabrinus • Globigerina • †Globigerina apertura • †Globoquadrina • †Globoquadrina hirsuta • Globulina • Glossus • †Glossus fraterna • †Glossus fraternas • †Glossus marylandica • †Glossus santamaria • †Glottidia • †Glottidia inexpectans • , or bittersweet clam Glycymeris'' • †Glycymeris americana • †Glycymeris idonea • †Glycymeris lisbonensis • †Glycymeris trigonella • †Glycymeris tumulus – or unidentified comparable form • †Goniothecium • †Goniothecium rogersii • Gouldia • †Gouldia metastriata • Granulina • †Granulina ovuliformis • Grus • , or whooping crane †Grus americana'' • †Gryphaeostrea ==H==

• †Hadrodelphis – or unidentified comparable form • †Hadrodelphis calvertense • †Haldea • †Halicetus – tentative report • †Halicetus ignotus • Halichoerus • , or grey seal †Halichoerus grypus'' • Hanzawaia • †Hanzawaia concentrica • Hastula • †Hastula simplex • Haynesina • †Haynesina germanica • Helicodiscus • †Helicodiscus inermis • †Helicodiscus jacksoni • †Helicodiscus parallelus • Hemimactra • †Hemimactra confraga • †Hemimactra solidissima • weasel shark Hemipristis'' • †Hemipristis serra • Hendersonia • †Hendersonia occulia • †Hendersonia occulta • †Heteraulacacysta • Heterodontus • †Heterodontus lerichei • †Heterotorpedo • †Heterotorpedo fowleri • Hexanchus • Hiatella • †Hiatella arctica • Hipponix • †Hipponix pygmaeus • Hippoporidra • †Hippoporidra calcarea • Hippoporina • †Hippoporina porosa • †Homogalax'' – or unidentified related form • Hydrobia • †Hydrobia truncata • Hydroides • †Hydroides dianthus • †Hydroides diantthus • Hyla • †Hyla crucifer – or unidentified comparable form • Hylocichla • †Hyopsodus – or unidentified comparable form • †Hypolophodon • †Hypolophodon sylvestris • †Hyposaurus – or unidentified comparable form • †Hystrichokolpoma ==I==

• †Icterus – or unidentified comparable form • , or orchard oriole †Icterus spurius'' • Ilyanassa • †Ilyanassa arata • †Ilyanassa granifera • †Ilyanassa obsoleta • †Ilyanassa procina • †Ilyanassa trivittata • †Iodes • †Iodes multireticulata • Ischadium • †Ischadium recurvum • Isistius • †Isistius trituratus • †Isognomen • †Isognommen • Isognomon • †Isognomon maxilliata • †Isognomon maxilliatus • , or sailfish Istiophorus'' • Isurus ==J==

• †Jacquhermania • †Jacquhermania duponti • Junco • , or dark-eyed junco †Junco hyemalis'' ==K==

• Kalolophus • †Kalolophus antillarum • †Kapalmerella • †Kapalmerella mortoni • †Kentriodon'' • †Kentriodon pernix • Kuphus • †Kuphus calamus • †Kuphus fistula • Kurtziella • †Kurtziella cerina ==L==

• †Laevihastula • †Laevihastula simplex • Lagena • , or rock ptarmigan †Lagopus'' • †Lagopus mutus – or unidentified comparable form • Lamna • †Lamna obliqua • Lampropeltis • †Lampropeltis doliata • Larus • †Larus hyperboreus • Lasiurus • †Lasiurus borealis • Latirus • †Latirus marylandicus • Lepisosteus • †Leptomactra • †Leptomactra delumbis • †Leptophoca • †Leptophoca lenis • †Leptophoca proxima – or unidentified comparable form • †Leptoxis • †Leptoxis carinata • Lepus • , or snowshoe hare †Lepus americanus'' • †Levifusus • †Levifusus trabeatus • Libinia • †Libinia dubia • †Libinia emarginata • †Limosa – or unidentified comparable form • Linga • †Linga amiantus • †Lingulodinium • †Lingulodinium machaerophorum • †Lirodiscus • †Lirodiscus virginianus • †Lirofusus – or unidentified comparable form • Lirophora • †Lirophora alveata • †Lirophora dalli • †Lirophora latilirata • †Lirophora vredenburgi • †Lirosoma • †Lirosoma sulcata • †Lirosoma sulcosa • Litiopa • †Litiopa marylandica • Littoraria • †Littoraria irrorata • Lontra • , or North American river otter †Lontra canadensis'' • Lophius • †Lophius sagittidens • †Lophocysta – tentative report • Lophodytes • †Lophodytes cucullatus • Lopholatilus • Loxia • Lucina • †Lucina aquiana – type locality for species • †Lucina divaricata • †Lucina pomilia • †Lucina squamata • Lucinisca • †Lucinisca cribarius • Lucinoma • †Lucinoma contracta • Lunatia • †Lunatia interna • †Lutianus • Lydiphnis • †Lydiphnis novicastri • Lymnaea • †Lymnaea catascopium • Lynx • , or bobcat †Lynx rufus'' – or unidentified comparable form • Lyonsia • †Lyonsia hyalina ==M==

• Macoma • , or Baltic clam †Macoma balthica'' • †Macoma calcarea • †Macoma constricta • †Macoma tenta • Macrocallista • †Macrocallista reposta • †Macrocallista subimpressa • Mactrodesma • †Mactrodesma subponderosa • †Mactropsis • †Mactropsis olssoni • Makaira • †Makaira nigricans – or unidentified comparable form • †Mammut • †Mammut americaneum • †Mammut americanum • †Mammuthus • †Mammuthus columbi • , or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left) †Mammuthus primigenius'' • Marevalvata • †Marevalvata tricarinata • †Margaritaria • †Margaritaria abrupta • Marginella • †Marginella bella • †Marginella denticulata • †Mariacolpus • †Mariacolpus plebeia • †Mariafusus • †Mariafusus marylandica • Marmota • , or groundhog †Marmota monax'' • †Marvacrassatella • †Marvacrassatella cyclopterus • †Marvacrassatella marylandica • †Marvacrassatella surryensis • †Marvacrassatella turgidula • †Marvacrassatella undulata • †Marvacrassatella undulatus • †Marvacrassatella urbannaensis • †Marvacrassatella urbannensis • Massilina • Masticophis • †Masticophis flagellum • †Mclelannia • †Mclelannia aenigma • Megaceryle • †Megaceryle alcyon • †Megalonyx'' • †Megalonyx jeffersonii • Megalops • Megaptera • †Megaptera expansa • Melanerpes • †Melanerpes carolinus • †Melanerpes erythrocephalus • Meleagris • †Meleagris gallopavo • Mellita • †Mellita aclinensis • †Mellita aclinus • Melospiza • †Melospiza melodia • Membranipora • †Membranipora tenuis • Membraniporella • †Membraniporella petasus – or unidentified comparable form • Mephitis • †Mephitis mephitis • Mercenaria • †Mercenaria campechiensis • †Mercenaria capax • †Mercenaria corrugata • †Mercenaria cuneata • †Mercenaria druidi • †Mercenaria inflata • , also known as hard clams or quahogs †Mercenaria mercenaria'' • †Mercenaria tetrica • Mergus • †Meridiania • †Meridiania conyexa • †Merychippus • †Mesocetus • †Mesocetus pusillus • †Mesocetus siphunculus – type locality for species • Mesoplodon • †Mesoplodon longirostris – or unidentified comparable form • †Mesorhytis – tentative report • †Mesorhytis pomonkensis • †Metaxytherium'' • †Metaxytherium crataegense • †Metaxytherium cratagense • †Metopocetus – type locality for genus • †Metopocetus durinasus – type locality for species • Microporella • †Microporella ciliata • Microtus • †Microtus chrotorrhinus • †Microtus ochrogaster • †Microtus pennsylvanicus • , or woodland vole †Microtus pinetorum'' • †Microtus xanthognathus • †Microtus zanthognathus • Mictomys • †Mictomys borealis • Miltha • †Miltha aquiana • †Miocepphus • †Miocepphus blowi – type locality for species • †Miocepphus bohaskai • †Miocepphus mcclungi • Mitrella • †Mitrella communius • Modiolus • †Modiolus ducateli • †Modiolus squamosus • Mola • Molothrus • , or brown-headed cowbird †Molothrus ater'' • †Monotherium • †Monotherium wymani • Morus • †Morus bassanus • †Moxostoma • Mulinia • †Mulinia congesta • †Mulinia congregata • †Mulinia lateralis • †Multiporina • †Multiporina cornuta • Musculus • †Musculus lateralis • †Musculus virginica • Mustela • †Mustela americana • †Mustela nivalis • †Mustela richardsonii • †Mya • †Mya arenaria • †Mya wilsoni – tentative report • Myliobatis • †Myliobatis dixoni • †Myliobatis latidens • †Myliobatis striatus • †Mylohyus'' • †Mylohyus fossilis • Myochama • Myotis • †Myotis grisescens • †Myotis keenii • †Myotis lucifugus • Myriophyllum • Myrtea – tentative report • †Myrtea curta – or unidentified comparable form • †Myrtea uhleri • Mytilus • †Mytilus edulis ==N==

• †Nannaria • †Nanogyra • †Nanogyra virgula • Napaeozapus • †Napaeozapus insignis • †Napeozapus • †Napeozapus insignis • , or nassa mud snail Nassarius'' • †Nassarius marylandica • †Nassarius peralta • Naticarius • Natrix • Nebrius • †Nebrius thielensis • Negaprion • Nemocardium • Neofiber • †Neofiber leonardi • †Neopanope • †Neopanope texana • Neogale • †Neogale frenata • †Neogale vison • Neotoma • , or eastern woodrat †Neotoma floridana'' • Nerodia • †Nerodia sipedon • Neverita • †Neverita duplicatus • †Ninoziphius • †Ninoziphius platyrostris – or unidentified comparable form • †Nipa – or unidentified comparable form • †Nipa burtini • Niso • †Nocomis • , or bull chub †Nocomis raneyi'' – or unidentified comparable form • Noetia • †Noetia incile • Nonion • Nonionella • †Nonionella atlantica • Notidanus • †Notidanus primigenius • Notophthalmus • †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form • Notorhynchus • , or broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus'' • †Notorynchus cepidianus • †Noturus • Nucula • †Nucula ovula • †Nucula proxima • †Nucula taphria • Nuculana • †Nuculana acuta • †Nuculana cliftonensis • †Nuculana coelatella • †Nuculana cultelliformis • †Nuculana improcera • †Nyssa • †Nyssa sylavtica ==O==

• Ochotona • Ocypode • Odobenus • †Odobenus rosmarus • Odocoileus • †Odocoileus virginianus • Odontaspis • †Odontaspis macrota • †Odontaspis winkleri • †Odontopteryx'' – tentative report • Odostomia • Oliva • †Oliva canaliculata • †Oliva carolinae • †Oliva sayana • Olivella • †Olivella mutica • Ondatra • †Ondatra zibethicus • Onthophagus • †Onthophagus janus – or unidentified comparable form • †Ontocetus – type locality for genus • †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species • †Operculodinium • Opheodrys • †Opsanus • Orthoyoldia • †Orthoyoldia psammotaea • †Orycterocetus'' • †Orycterocetus crocodilinus – type locality for species • †Osteopygis • †Osteopygis roundsi – type locality for species • †Ostracion • †Ostracion meretrix • Ostrea • †Ostrea alepidota • †Ostrea compressirostra • †Ostrea raveneliana • †Ostrea sinuosa • †Otodus • (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale †Otodus megalodon'' • Otus • †Otus asio • †Oxyrhina • †Oxyrhina retroflexa • †Oxyura • †Oxyura jamaicensis ==P==

• †Pachecoa • †Pachecoa decisa – or unidentified comparable form • †Pachecoa ellipsis • †Pachygaleus • †Pachygaleus lefevrei • †Palaeocystodinium • †Palaeocystodinium golzowense • †Palaeogaleus • †Palaeogaleus vincenti • †Palaeohypotodus • †Palaeohypotodus ratoti • †Palaeophis'' • †Palaeophis casei • †Palaeophis grandis • †Palaeophis toliapicus • †Palaeophis virginianus – type locality for species • †Palaeorhincodon • †Palaeorhincodon wardi • †Palaeosinopa – or unidentified comparable form • Pandora • †Pandora arenosa • †Pandora gouldiana • †Pandora trilineata • Panopea • †Panopea elongata • †Panopea goldfussi • †Panopea goldfussii • †Panopea reflexa • Panopeus • †Panopeus herbstii • Panthera • , or lion †Panthera leo'' • Paraconcavus • †Paraconcavus neusensis • †Paraconcavus prebrevicalcar • †Paralbula • †Paralbula marylandica • †Paramya • †Paramya subovata • Parascalops • †Parascalops breweri • and calf †Parietobalaena'' • †Parietobalaena palmeri • †Parophisaurus • †Parophisaurus mccloskeyi – type locality for species • Parus • †Parus bicolor • Parvanachis • †Parvanachis obesa • Parvilucina • †Parvilucina crenulata • †Parvilucina multilineatus • †Parvilucina multistriata • Passerella • , or fox sparrow †Passerella iliaca'' • Pecten • †Pecten humphreysii • †Pecten marylandica • †Pecten perplanus • †Pecten seabeensis • †Pedalion • †Pedalion maxillatum • Pedioecetes • †Pedioecetes phasianellus • Pekania • †Pekania pennanti – or unidentified comparable form • †Pelagornis'' • †Pelocetus • †Pelocetus calvertensis • †Pentadinium • †Pentadinium goniferum • †Pentadinium laticinctum • †Peradectes • †Peradectes guottai – type locality for species • †Perimyotis • †Perimyotis subflavus • Periploma • †Periploma leanum • Perisoreus • , or grey jay †Perisoreus canadensis'' • †Perisorus • †Perisorus canadensis • Peristernia • †Peristernia filicata • Peromyscus • †Peromyscus leucopus • †Peromyscus maniculatus • Petaloconchus • †Petaloconchus graniferus • †Petaloconchus virginica • †Petriathyris • Petricola • †Petricola pholadiformis • Petrochelidon • †Petrochelidon pyrrhonota • †Petrocheliodon • †Petrocheliodon pyrrhonota • †Phalacrocoras • †Phalacrocoras auritus • Phalacrocorax • , or double-crested cormorant †Phalacrocorax auritus'' • †Phenacomya • †Phenacomya petrosa • Phenacomys • †Phenacomys intermedius • †Phenacomys ungava – or unidentified comparable form • †Phocageneus – type locality for genus • †Phocageneus venustus – type locality for species • Pholadomya • †Pholadomya marylandica • Pholas • †Pholas petrosa – tentative report • Phyllodus • †Phyllodus toliapicus • Physa • †Physa heterostropha • †Physogaleus • †Physogaleus contortus • †Physogaleus secundas • †Phytolacca • †Phytolacca decandra • Pica • †Pica pica • Picea • †Pinguinus • , or the great auk †Pinguinus impennis'' • Pinicola – or unidentified comparable form • †Pinicola enucleator • †Pinquinus • †Pinquinus impennis • Pinus • †Pipestrellus • †Pipestrellus subflavus • Pipistrellus • †Pipistrellus subflavus • Piranga • Pisania • †Pisania nux • Pisidium • †Pisidium dubium • †Pisodus • †Pisodus oweni • Pitar • †Pitar eversus • †Pitar morrhuanus • †Pitar ovatus • †Pitar pyga • Placopecten • †Placopecten clintonius • †Placopecten princepoides • †Plagiarca • †Plagiarca rhomboidella • of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922). †Platygonus • †Platygonus compressus • †Platygonus vetus • Plecotus • †Plecotus townsendii – or unidentified comparable form • †Pleiorytis • †Pleiorytis centenaria • Pleuromeris • †Pleuromeris tridentata • Plicatula • †Plicatula filamentosa • †Plicatula gibbosa • Pluvialis • †Pluvialis dominica • Podiceps • , or horned grebe †Podiceps auritus'' • Podilymbus • †Podilymbus podiceps • Pogonias • †Pogonias multidentatus – type locality for species • Polinices • †Polinices aratus • Polydora • Polygonum • †Pomatiopsis • †Pomatiopsis lapidaria • †Pooecetes • †Pooecetes gramineus • Poroeponides • †Poroeponides lateralis • †Poroeponides repanda – or unidentified comparable form • Porzana • †Porzana carolina • †Potamogeton • †Premontria • †Premontria degremonti • †Prionodon • †Prionodon egertoni • Prionotus • †Priscoficus • †Priscoficus arguta • Pristis • †Pristis brachyodon – type locality for species • †Pristis luthami • †Procamelus – or unidentified comparable form • †Procolpochelys • †Procolpochelys charlestonensis • †Procolpochelys grandaeva • Procyon • †Procyon lotor • †Prolates • †Prolates dormaalensis • †Pronum • †Pronum roscidum • †Propristis • †Propristis schweinfurthi • †Prosthennops – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature • †Prosthennops xiphidonticus • †Protautoga • †Protautoga conidens • †Protelphidium • †Protelphidium tisburyense • Prunum • †Prunum limatulum • †Prunum roscidum • Psammechinus • †Psammechinus philanthopus • †Psammechinus philanthropus • †Psephophorus'' • Pseudochama • †Pseudochama corticosa • †Pseudochama corticosta • Pseudoliva • †Pseudoliva santander • †Pseudoliva vetusta • Pseudopolymorphina • †Pseudopolymorphina novangliae – or unidentified comparable form • Pseudotorinia • †Pseudotorinia nupera • †Pseudotorinia nuperum • Pteria • †Pteria colymbus • †Pteria limula – tentative report • Pteromeris • †Pteromeris tridentata • Pteromylaeus • †Ptychosalpinx • †Ptychosalpinx fossulata • †Ptychosalpinx laqueata • †Ptychosalpinx multirugata • †Ptychosalpinx tuomeyi • Pulvinites • †Pulvinites lawrencei • †Puppigerus • †Puppigerus camperi • Pycnodonte • Pycnodus'' • †Pyropsis ==Q==

• , or oak tree Quercus'' • Quinqueloculina • †Quinqueloculina compta • †Quinqueloculina jugosa • †Quinqueloculina lamarckiana • †Quinqueloculina lamarkiana • †Quinqueloculina microcosta • †Quinqueloculina peyana • †Quinqueloculina poeyana • †Quinqueloculina seminula ==R==

• Raeta • †Raeta plicatella • Raja • Rallus • †Rallus limicola • †Rana • †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana • †Rana clamitans – or unidentified comparable form • †Rana palustris • †Rana pipiens • †Rana sylvatica – or unidentified comparable form • Rangia • †Rangia clathrodon • †Rangia cuneata • Rangifer • , or reindeer †Rangifer tarandus'' • Ranzania • †Ranzania grahami – type locality for species • †Ranzania tenneyorum – type locality for species • †Raphoneis • †Raphoneis amphiceros • †Raphoneis lancettula • †Raphoneis scutula • †Rebeccapecten • †Rebeccapecten berryae • Reticulofenestra • †Retinella • †Retinella electrina • †Retinella virginica • Retusa • †Retusa obtusa • †Rhabdosteus • †Rhaphoneis • †Rhaphoneis gemmifera • †Rhaphoneis parilis • †Rhegnopsis • †Rhegnopsis palaeatlantica – type locality for species • Rhinobatos • †Rhinobatos bruxelliensis • , or cownose rays Rhinoptera'' • †Rhinoptera sherboni • Rosalina • †Rosalina columbiensis • †Rosalina floridana • Rostellaria • †Rudiscala ==S==

• Saccella • †Saccella catasarca – or unidentified comparable form • †Saccella concentrica • †Saccella parva • †Samlandia • †Sanganoma • †Sarda • †Sarda delheidi • Sayornis • , or eastern phoebe †Sayornis phoebe'' • †Scala • †Scala virginiana – type locality for species • †Scalaspira – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature • †Scalaspira strumosa • Scalopus • †Scalopus aquaticus • Scaphella • Scaphiopus • †Scaphiopus holbrooki • Sceloporus • †Sceloporus undulatus • †Sceptrum • †Sceptrum marylandicum • †Schizodelphis'' • †Schizodelphis barnesi • †Schizodelphis sulcatus • Schizoporella • †Schizoporella errata • Sciaenops • †Sciaenops ocellatus • †Sciaenurus – or unidentified comparable form • †Sciaenurus bowerbanki • Sciuropterus • †Sciuropterus volans • Sciurus • , or eastern gray squirrel †Sciurus carolinensis'' • Scolopax • †Scolopax minor • Scomberomorus • †Scomberomorus bleekeri • †Scombrinus • Scyliorhinus • †Scyliorhinus gilberti • Seila • †Seila adamsii • †Seiurus • Semele • †Semele bellastriata • †Semele purpurascens – or unidentified comparable form • †Semele subovata • †Semotilus • †Semotilus corporalis – or unidentified comparable form • Serpulorbis • †Serpulorbis granifera • †Serpulorbis granulifera • †Serratolamna'' • †Serratolamna aschersoni • †Serratolamna lerichei • †Sialia – or unidentified comparable form • †Sialia sialis • Sinum • †Sinum fragilis • †Siphonocetus • †Siphonocetus priscus – type locality for species • Sitta • †Sitta canadensis • †Solarium • Solemya • †Solemya velum • Solen • Solenosteira • †Solenosteira cancellaria • Sorex • †Sorex arcticus • †Sorex cinereus • †Sorex dispar • †Sorex fumeus • †Sorex hoyi • , or American water shrew †Sorex palustris'' • †Spatangus • †Spatangus glenni • Spermophilus • †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus • Sphaerium • †Sphaerium striatinum • †Sphaeroidinellopsis • †Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens • Sphenia • †Sphenia dubia • Sphyraena • †Sphyraena bognorensis • †Sphyrapicus • †Sphyrapicus varius • hammerhead shark Sphyrna'' • Spilogale • †Spilogale putorius • †Spirodon • †Spirodon carinata • Spisula • †Spisula modicella • †Spisula parilis • †Spisula praetenuis • †Spisula rappahannockensis • †Squalodon'' • †Squalodon calvertensis • †Squalodon protervus – or unidentified comparable form • †Squalodon whitmorei – type locality for species • Squalus • †Squalus crenatidens • Squatina • †Squatina prima • †Stenotrema • †Stenotrema fraternum • †Stenotrema hirsutum • †Stephanopyxis • †Stephanopyxis grunowii • Stewartia • †Stewartia anodonta • Storeria • †Strepsidura • †Strepsidura perlatus • †Streptochetus – or unidentified comparable form • †Streptochetus potomacensis • Striarca • †Striarca centenaria • †Striarca centernaria • †Striatolamia'' • †Striatolamia macrota • Strioterebrum • †Strioterebrum carolinensis • †Strioterebrum concava • †Strioterebrum dislocatum • Strobilops • †Strobilops labyrinthica • Strombiformis • Sturnella – or unidentified comparable form • †Sullivanichthys – type locality for genus • †Sullivanichthys mccloskeyi – type locality for species • †Sumbos • †Sumbos cavifrons • Surculites • Sveltia – or unidentified comparable form • †Syllomus • †Syllomus aegyptiacus – type locality for species • †Syllomus crispatus • Sylvilagus • , or New England cottontail †Sylvilagus transitionalis'' • Symplocos • †Symplocos grimsleyi • Synaptomys • †Synaptomys cooperi • †Synaptomys corealis ==T==

• Tagelus • †Tagelus plebeius • Tamias • †Tamias striatus • †Tamiasciurius • †Tamiasciurius hudsonicus • Tamiasciurus • †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus • †Tamiasciurus tenuidens – or unidentified comparable form • , or tapir Tapirus'' • †Tapirus veroensis • Tautoga • †Tautoga onitis • †Tectatodinium • †Tectatodinium pellitum • Tectonatica • †Tectonatica pusilla • Teinostoma • †Teinostoma harrisi • †Teinostoma umbilicatum • , or tellin Tellina'' • †Tellina declivis • †Tellina leana • †Tellina propetenella • †Tellina virginiana – type locality for species • †Tellina williamsi • †Teratichthys • †Teratichthys antiquitatus • Terebra • Teredo • †Teredo virginiana • Terrapene • †Terrapene carolina • Textularia • †Thalassiphora • †Thalassiphora pelagica • Thamnophis • †Thamnophis sirtalis • †Thecachampsa'' • †Thecachampsa antiqua • †Thecachampsa antiquua • †Thinocetus – type locality for genus • †Thinocetus arthritus – type locality for species • †Thoracosaurus • †Thoracosaurus neocesariensis • Thracia • †Thuja • †Thuja occidentalis • , or tunas Thunnus'' • Tilia • Tinospora • †Tinospora folmerii • Torcula • †Torcula variabilis • †Tornatellaea • Toxostoma • †Toxostoma rufum • Transennella • †Transennella carolinensis • †Tretosphys • Triakis • †Triakis wardi • Trigonostoma • Tringa – or unidentified comparable form • †Tringa solitaria • †Triodopsis • †Triodopsis albolabris • †Triodopsis burchi • †Triodopsis juxtidens • land snail, or northern threetooth †Triodopsis tridentata'' • †Triodopsis vulgata • Triphora • †Triphotrocha • †Triphotrocha comprinata – or unidentified comparable form • Trochita • †Trochita aperta • †Trochita trochiformis • Trochocyathus • †Trochocyathus mitratus • Trox • †Tsuga • †Tsuga canadensis – or unidentified comparable form • Tucetona • †Tucetona pectinata • Tudicla – or unidentified comparable form • †Turbinolia • †Turbinolia acuticostata • †Turbiosphaera – tentative report • Turbonilla • †Turbonilla interrupta • †Turbonilla potomacensis • †Turborotalia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature • †Turborotalia acostaensis • Turdus • †Turdus migratorius • Turritella'' • †Turritella alticostata • †Turritella humerosa • †Turritella invariabilis • †Turritella nasuta • †Turritella pilsbryi • †Turritella potomacensis • †Turritella praecincta • †Turritella subvariabilis ==U==