Before the Cardinals (1875–1881) Professional baseball began in St. Louis with the
Brown Stockings of the
National Association (NA) in
1875. The NA folded following that season, and
the next season, St. Louis joined the
National League as a charter member, finishing in third place at 45–19.
George Bradley hurled the first
no-hitter in
Major League history. The NL expelled St. Louis from the league after
1877 due to a game-fixing scandal and the team went bankrupt. Without a league, they continued play as a semi-professional
barnstorming team through 1881. The magnitudes of the reorganizations following the 1877 and 1881 seasons are such that most historians do not count the 1875–1877 and 1878–1881 Brown Stockings teams as part of the current Cardinals' legacy.
American Association and early National League eras (1882–1919) , shown here circa 1910, guided the Browns to four
American Association titles. For the
1882 season,
Chris von der Ahe purchased the team, reorganized it, and made it a founding member of the
American Association (AA), a league to rival the NL. 1882 is generally considered to be the first year of existence for the franchise which would later become known as the St. Louis Cardinals.
The next season, St. Louis shortened their name to the
Browns. Soon thereafter they became the dominant team in the AA, as manager
Charles Comiskey guided St. Louis to four pennants in a row from
1885 to
1888.
Pitcher and
outfielder Bob Caruthers led the league in
ERA (2.07) and
wins (40) in 1885 and finished in the top six in both in each of the following two seasons. He also led the AA in
OBP (.448) and
OPS (.974) in
1886 and finished fourth in
batting average in 1886 (.334) and fifth in
1887 (.357). Outfielder
Tip O'Neill won the first batting
triple crown in franchise history in
1887 and the only one in AA history. By winning the pennant, the Browns played the NL pennant winner
in a predecessor of the
World Series. The Browns twice met the Chicago White Stockings—the predecessor to the
Chicago Cubs—
tying one in a heated dispute and
winning the other, thus spurring the vigorous
St. Louis–Chicago rivalry that ensues to this day. During the franchise's ten seasons in the AA, they compiled an all-time league-high of 780 wins and .639 winning percentage. They lost just 432 contests while tying 21 others. As the "Perfectos", the team wore their jersey with a
cardinal red trim and sock striping. In
1902, an American League team moved from
Milwaukee into St. Louis, renamed themselves the
St. Louis Browns and built a
new park on the site of the Cardinals' old stadium, striking a rivalry that lasted five decades. Breadon bought a minority interest in the Cardinals in
1917, and in
1919, Browns manager
Branch Rickey joined the Cardinals. The Cardinals' first 28 seasons in the NL were a complete reversal of their stay in the AA—with a .406 winning percentage, they compiled 1,632 wins, 2,425 losses and 74 ties. With
Rogers Hornsby at second base, he claimed Triple Crowns in
1922 and
1925, and the Cardinals won the
1926 World Series, their first. St. Louis then won
the league in
1928,
1930, and
1931 and the
1931 World Series.
Dizzy Dean led the Gang, winning the
1934 MVP, and leading the NL multiple times in
wins,
strikeouts,
innings,
complete games and
shutouts.
Johnny Mize and
Joe Medwick emerged as two power threats, with Medwick claiming the last Triple Crown for a Cardinal in
1937. In the 1940s, a golden era emerged as Rickey's farm system became laden with such talent as
Marty Marion,
Enos Slaughter,
Mort Cooper,
Walker Cooper,
Stan Musial,
Max Lanier,
Whitey Kurowski,
Red Schoendienst and
Johnny Beazley. It was one of the most successful decades in franchise history with 960 wins and 580 losses for a winning percentage higher than any other Major League team at .623. With
Billy Southworth managing, they won the World Series in
1942 and
1944 (in the only all-St. Louis series against the
Browns), and won 105 or more games each in
1942,
1943, and
1944. Musial was considered the most consistent hitter of his era and most accomplished in team history, winning three MVPs and seven
batting titles. St. Louis then won the
1946 World Series on
Slaughter's Mad Dash in Game 7. Breadon was forced to sell the team in
1947 but won six World Series and nine NL pennants as owner. In
1953, the
Anheuser-Busch brewery
bought the Cardinals and
Gussie Busch became team president, spurring the Browns' departure in
1953 to
Baltimore to become the
Orioles, and making the Cardinals the only major league club in town. More success followed in the 1960s, starting with what is considered one of the
most lopsided trades in Major League history, as St. Louis received
outfielder Lou Brock from the
Cubs for pitcher
Ernie Broglio. MVP third baseman
Ken Boyer and pitcher
Bob Gibson led the club to a
World Series win the
same year and
Curt Flood,
Bill White,
Curt Simmons, and
Steve Carlton also made key contributions in this decade. In
1967, new arrival
Orlando Cepeda won the MVP, helping to propel St. Louis to the
World Series. The Cardinals won the league
the following year behind their Major League-leading 2.49 staff ERA in what was an all-round record-breaking season of
pitching dominance. Posting a modern-day record low ERA of 1.12 and striking out a one-game
World Series-record of 17, Gibson won both the MVP and Cy Young awards that year. However, the Cardinals failed to repeat as
World Series champions, blowing a 3–1 lead to the underdog
Detroit Tigers. In the 1970s, catcher/third baseman
Joe Torre and first baseman
Keith Hernandez each won MVPs, but the team's best finishes were second place and
90 wins. The team found their way back to the World Series three times in the 1980s, starting with manager
Whitey Herzog and his
Whiteyball style of play and another trade that altered course of the franchise: in
1982, shortstop
Garry Templeton was shipped to the
Padres for fellow shortstop
Ozzie Smith. Widely regarded as one of the best defensive players in history, Smith ranks first all-time among shortstops in
Gold Glove Awards (13),
All-Star games (15),
assists (8,375), and
double plays (1,590). St. Louis won the
1982 World Series from the
Milwaukee Brewers that fall. The Cardinals again won the league in
1985 and
1987. In the
1985 World Series, they faced-off with
cross-state rivals
Kansas City Royals for the first time in a non-exhibition game, but they lost the series after a
controversial call in Game 6; the
1987 World Series saw them face off against the
Minnesota Twins, but could only win all three of their games played at home in the seven-game series.
Bill DeWitt era (1996–present) , essential in two
World Series titles, won 10 playoff games with a 3.00 postseason ERA. is one of the
most accomplished players in Cardinals' history. After
Gussie Busch died in
1989,
the brewery took control and hired
Joe Torre to manage late in
1990, then sold the team to an investment group led by
William DeWitt Jr. after the
1995 season.
Tony La Russa replaced Torre in the spring of 1996. In 1998,
Mark McGwire competed with
Sammy Sosa of the
Cubs for a barrage of home runs in their pursuit of the
single-season home run record. From
2000 to
2013, the Cardinals reestablished their way to the top with ten playoff appearances, four
NL pennants, two World Series titles and 1,274 regular season wins against 993 losses for a .560 winning percentage, leading the National League and second in MLB only to the
New York Yankees. With the addition of
Jim Edmonds,
Albert Pujols, and
Scott Rolen, the Cardinals featured three prominent sluggers and defenders nicknamed "MV3;" Pujols won three MVPs and hit .326 with 469 home runs in his Cardinals career. In
2004, playoff stalwart
Chris Carpenter's 3.09 ERA and 15 wins In
2006, beset with injuries and inconsistency, they won the
World Series, beating Detroit in five games to set an all-time record-low of 83 wins for a World Series winner. In
2009, the Cardinals reached 10,000 wins, dating to when they first played in the
American Association (AA). St. Louis returned to the playoffs in
2011–led by Pujols,
Lance Berkman,
Matt Holliday,
Chris Carpenter, and
Yadier Molina–first surmounting the largest games-won deficit after 130 games (at 10.5) to upstage the
Atlanta Braves on the final day for the wild card playoff berth. In Game 3 of the
World Series, Pujols became just the third player to hit three home runs in a World Series game. In Game 6,
David Freese and Berkman each tied the score on the Cardinals' final strike—the first such occurrence in any game in MLB history—and St. Louis defeated the
Texas Rangers later that game with a
walk-off home run from Freese. After winning that Series, La Russa retired and became the only manager to do so after winning a title. He also finished with the most wins for managers in franchise history with 1,408. La Russa's successor,
Mike Matheny, helped extend St. Louis' playoff run as he became the first manager in the
division play era to guide the Cardinals to the NLCS and playoffs in his first two seasons. In
2014, the Cardinals extended their NLCS streak to 4, with their 3–1 series victory over the
Dodgers, in the
NLDS. Ten days after being eliminated from the postseason by the
San Francisco Giants, rookie outfielder
Oscar Taveras was killed in a car accident while traveling to his hometown Puerto Plata in the
Dominican Republic. On November 17, they acquired
Atlanta Braves right-fielder
Jason Heyward (who had just come off a
Gold Glove-winning season) to replace Taveras. On June 16, 2015, the
Federal Bureau of Investigation and the
Justice Department started an investigation on the Cardinals for possibly hacking the
Houston Astros. The hacking incident was perpetrated by Scouting Director Chris Correa. For the first time since the
2007–
2008 seasons, the Cardinals missed the playoffs in consecutive years,
2016–
2017. After a rough start to the
2018 season, the Cardinals fired Matheny and named
Mike Shildt interim manager. Shildt was made the permanent manager a month later. For the
2019 season, the team announced that the "Victory Blue" uniforms, worn during the late 1970s and 1980s, would be returning. The uniforms, integrating the powder blue color with the team's current "Saturday alternate" jersey design, were to be worn during Saturday road games. The Cardinals traded for multi-time all stars
Paul Goldschmidt and
Nolan Arenado, and
Albert Pujols returned to the team for his final season in
2022. In 2022, long-time starting pitcher-catcher duo
Adam Wainwright and
Yadier Molina set the NL/AL record for most starts as a duo, also referred to as a
battery, at 325 starts together going back to 2007. The previous record holding duo,
Mickey Lolich and
Bill Freehan, had held the record since 1975. ==Ballpark==