On 1 January 1660 ("1 January 1659/1660" in
contemporary terms), Pepys began to keep a
diary. He recorded his daily life for almost 10 years. This record of a decade of Pepys' life in one and a quarter million words and populated by over 3,000 individuals is often regarded as Britain's most celebrated diary. Pepys has been called the greatest diarist of all time due to his frankness in writing concerning his own weaknesses and the accuracy with which he records events of daily British life and major events in the 17th century. Pepys wrote about the contemporary court and theatre (including his amorous affairs with the actresses), his household, and major political and social occurrences. Historians have used his diary to gain greater insight and understanding of life in London in the 17th century. Pepys wrote consistently on subjects such as personal finances, the time he got up in the morning, the weather, and what he ate. He wrote at length about his new watch which he was very proud of (and which had an alarm, a new accessory at the time), a country visitor who did not enjoy his time in London because he felt that it was too crowded, and his cat waking him up at one in the morning. Pepys' diary is one of a very few sources which provides such length in details of everyday life of an upper-middle-class man during the 17th century. The descriptions of the lives of his servants like
Jane Birch provide a valuable detailed insight into their lives. Aside from day-to-day activities, Pepys also commented on the significant and turbulent events of his nation. England was in disarray when he began writing his diary.
Oliver Cromwell had died just fifteen months earlier, creating a period of civil unrest and a large power vacuum to be filled. Pepys had been a strong supporter of Cromwell, but he converted to the Royalist cause upon the Protector's death. He was on the ship that returned
Charles II to England to take up his throne and gave first-hand accounts of other significant events from the early years of
the Restoration, such as the coronation of Charles II, the
Great Plague, the
Great Fire of London, and the
Anglo–Dutch Wars. Pepys did not plan on his contemporaries ever seeing his diary, which is evident from the fact that he wrote in
shorthand and sometimes in a "code" of various
Spanish,
French, and
Italian words (especially when describing his illicit affairs). However, Pepys often juxtaposed profanities in his native English amidst his "code" of foreign words, a practice which would reveal the details to any casual reader. He did intend for future generations to see the diary, as evidenced by its inclusion in his library and its catalogue before his death along with the shorthand guide he used and the elaborate planning by which he ensured his library survived intact after his death. The women he pursued, his friends, and his dealings are all laid out. His diary reveals his jealousies, insecurities, trivial concerns, and his fractious relationship with his wife. It has been an important account of London in the 1660s. The juxtaposition of his commentary on politics and national events, alongside the very personal, can be seen from the beginning. His opening paragraphs, written in January 1660, begin: {{blockquote|Blessed be God, at the end of the last year I was in very good health, without any sense of my old pain but upon taking of cold. I lived in Axe yard, having my wife and servant Jane, and no more in family than us three. My wife, after the absence of her terms for seven weeks, gave me hopes of her being with child, but on the last day of the year she hath them again. The condition of the State was thus.
Viz. the
Rump, after being disturbed by my
Lord Lambert, was lately returned to sit again. The officers of the army all forced to yield.
Lawson lie[s] still in the River and
Monke is with his army in Scotland. Only my Lord Lambert is not yet come in to the Parliament; nor is it expected that he will, without being forced to it. The entries from the first few months were filled with news of General George Monck's march on London. In April and May of that year, he encountered problems with his wife, and he accompanied Montagu's fleet to the
Netherlands to bring
Charles II back from exile. Montagu was made Earl of Sandwich on 18 June, and Pepys secured the position of
Clerk of the Acts to the
Navy Board on 13 July. As secretary to the board, Pepys was entitled to a £350 annual salary plus the various gratuities and benefits that came with the job—including bribes. He rejected an offer of £1,000 for the position from a rival and soon afterward moved to official accommodation in
Seething Lane in the
City of London. Pepys stopped writing his diary in 1669. His eyesight began to trouble him and he feared that writing in dim light was damaging his eyes. He did imply in his last entries that he
might have others write his diary for him, but doing so would result in a loss of privacy and it seems that he never went through with those plans. In the end, Pepys lived another 34 years without going blind, but he never took to writing his diary again. However, Pepys dictated a journal for two months in 1669–70 as a record of his dealings with the Commissioners of Accounts at that period. He also kept a diary for a few months in 1683 when he was sent to
Tangier as the most senior civil servant in the Navy, during the
English evacuation. The diary mostly covers work-related matters.
Public life at the latter's home in
Deptford, written by Pepys on 16 October 1665 and referring to "prisoners" and "sick men" during the
Second Dutch War. On the Navy Board, Pepys proved to be a more able and efficient worker than colleagues in higher positions. This often annoyed Pepys and provoked much harsh criticism in his diary. Among his colleagues were Admiral Sir
William Penn, Sir
George Carteret, Sir
John Mennes and Sir
William Batten. Pepys learned
arithmetic from a private tutor and used models of ships to make up for his lack of first-hand nautical experience, and ultimately came to play a significant role in the board's activities. In September 1660, he was made a
Justice of the Peace; on 15 February 1662, Pepys was admitted as a Younger Brother of
Trinity House; and on 30 April, he received the
freedom of Portsmouth. Through Sandwich, he was involved in the administration of the short-lived
English colony at Tangier. He joined the Tangier committee in August 1662 when the colony was first founded and became its treasurer in 1665. In 1663, he independently negotiated a £3,000 contract for Norwegian masts, demonstrating the freedom of action that his superior abilities allowed. He was appointed to a commission of the royal fishery on 8 April 1664. Pepys' job required him to meet many people to dispense money and make contracts. He often laments how he "lost his labour" having gone to some appointment at a
coffee house or
tavern, only to discover that the person whom he was seeking was not there. These occasions were a constant source of frustration to Pepys. Pepys increased his wealth substantially through corruption. In seven and a half years, his net worth rose by £7,500 on an annual salary of £350. In one instance, Pepys helped the career of a shipwright who provided sexual favours from his wife in return. Although he lived in a time when corruption was common, Pepys was not a minor practitioner in this.
Major events Pepys' diary provides a first-hand account of the
Restoration, and includes detailed accounts of several major events of the 1660s, along with the lesser known
diary of John Evelyn. In particular, it is an invaluable source for the study of the
Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665–7, the
Great Plague of 1665, and the Great Fire of London in 1666. In relation to the Plague and Fire, C. S. Knighton has written: "From its reporting of these two disasters to the metropolis in which he thrived, Pepys's diary has become a national monument."
Robert Latham, editor of the definitive edition of the diary, remarks concerning the Plague and Fire: "His descriptions of both—agonisingly vivid—achieve their effect by being something more than superlative reporting; they are written with compassion. As always with Pepys it is people, not literary effects, that matter."
Second Anglo-Dutch War , June 1667
by Pieter Cornelisz van Soest, painted . The captured English ship HMS Royal Charles'' (1650), bearing a red flag, is right of centre. In early 1665, the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War placed great pressure on Pepys. His colleagues were either engaged elsewhere or incompetent, and Pepys had to conduct a great deal of business himself. He excelled under the pressure, which was extreme due to the complexity and underfunding of the Royal Navy. At the outset, he proposed a centralised approach to supplying the fleet. His idea was accepted, and he was made surveyor-general of
victualling in October 1665. The position brought a further £300 a year. Pepys wrote about the Second Anglo-Dutch War: "In all things, in wisdom, courage, force and success, the Dutch have the best of us and do end the war with victory on their side". And King Charles II said: "Don't fight the Dutch, imitate them". In 1667, with the war lost, Pepys helped to discharge the navy. The Dutch had defeated England on open water and now began to threaten English soil itself. In June 1667, they conducted their
Raid on the Medway, broke the defensive chain at
Gillingham, and towed away the , one of the Royal Navy's most important ships. As he had done during the Fire and the Plague, Pepys again removed his wife and his gold from London. The Dutch raid was a major concern in itself, but Pepys was personally placed under a different kind of pressure: the Navy Board and his role as Clerk of the Acts came under scrutiny from the public and from Parliament. The war ended in August and, on 17 October, the
House of Commons created a committee of "miscarriages". On 20 October, a list was demanded from Pepys of ships and commanders at the time of the division of the fleet in 1666. However, these demands were actually quite desirable for him, as tactical and strategic mistakes were not the responsibility of the Navy Board. The Board did face some allegations regarding the Medway raid, but they could exploit the criticism already attracted by Commissioner of
Chatham Peter Pett to deflect criticism from themselves. The committee accepted this tactic when they reported in February 1668. The Board was, however, criticised for its use of tickets to pay seamen. These tickets could only be exchanged for cash at the Navy's treasury in London. Pepys made a long speech at the bar of the Commons on 5 March 1668 defending this practice. It was, in the words of C. S. Knighton, a "virtuoso performance". The commission was followed by an investigation led by a more powerful authority, the commissioners of accounts. They met at Brooke House,
Holborn and spent two years scrutinising how the war had been financed. In 1669, Pepys had to prepare detailed answers to the committee's eight "Observations" on the Navy Board's conduct. In 1670, he was forced to defend his own role. A seaman's ticket with Pepys' name on it was produced as incontrovertible evidence of his corrupt dealings but, thanks to the intervention of the king, Pepys emerged from the sustained investigation relatively unscathed.
Great Plague Outbreaks of plague were not unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636. Furthermore, Pepys was not among the groups of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor, and he was not required to keep his family in London in the event of a crisis. It was not until June 1665 that the unusual seriousness of the plague became apparent, so Pepys' activities in the first five months of 1665 were not significantly affected by it.
Claire Tomalin wrote that 1665 was, to Pepys, one of the happiest years of his life. He worked very hard that year, and the outcome was that he quadrupled his fortune. In his annual summary on 31 December, he wrote, "I have never lived so merrily (besides that I never got so much) as I have done this plague time". Nonetheless, Pepys was certainly concerned about the plague. On 16 August he wrote: He also chewed
tobacco as a protection against infection, and worried that
wig-makers might be using hair from the corpses as a raw material. Furthermore, it was Pepys who suggested that the Navy Office should evacuate to
Greenwich, although he did offer to remain in town himself. He later took great pride in his stoicism. Meanwhile, Elisabeth Pepys was sent to
Woolwich. She did not return to Seething Lane until January 1666 and was shocked by the sight of
St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.
Great Fire of London in 1666, showing Pepys' home In the early hours of 2 September 1666, Pepys was awakened by Jane the maid, his servant, who had spotted a fire in the
Billingsgate area. He decided that the fire was not particularly serious and returned to bed. Shortly after waking, his servant returned and reported that 300 houses had been destroyed and that
London Bridge was threatened. Pepys went to the
Tower of London to get a better view. Without returning home, he took a boat and observed the fire for over an hour. In his diary, Pepys recorded his observations as follows: The wind was driving the fire westward, so he ordered the boat to go to
Whitehall and became the first person to inform the king of the fire. According to his entry of 2 September 1666, Pepys recommended to the king that homes be pulled down in the path of the fire in order to stem its progress. Accepting this advice, the king told him to go to
Lord Mayor Thomas Bloodworth and tell him to start pulling down houses. Pepys took a coach back as far as
St Paul's Cathedral before setting off on foot through the burning city. He found the Lord Mayor, who said, "Lord! what can I do? I am spent: people will not obey me. I have been pulling down houses; but the fire overtakes us faster than we can do it." At noon, he returned home and "had an extraordinary good dinner, and as merry, as at this time we could be", before returning to watch the fire in the city once more. Later, he returned to Whitehall, then met his wife in
St James's Park. In the evening, they watched the fire from the safety of
Bankside. Pepys writes that "it made me weep to see it". Returning home, Pepys met his clerk Tom Hayter who had lost everything. Hearing news that the fire was advancing, he started to pack up his possessions by moonlight. , by
Thomas Wyck, as it looked roughly seven years after the fire A cart arrived at 4 a.m. on 3 September and Pepys spent much of the day arranging the removal of his possessions. Many of his valuables, including his diary, were sent to a friend from the Navy Office at
Bethnal Green. At night, he "fed upon the remains of yesterday's dinner, having no fire nor dishes, nor any opportunity of dressing any thing." The next day, Pepys continued to arrange the removal of his possessions. By then, he believed that Seething Lane was in grave danger, so he suggested calling men from
Deptford to help pull down houses and defend the king's property. He described the chaos in the city and his curious attempt at saving his own goods: Pepys had taken to sleeping on his office floor; on Wednesday, 5 September, he was awakened by his wife at 2 a.m. She told him that the fire had almost reached
All Hallows-by-the-Tower and that it was at the foot of Seething Lane. He decided to send her and his gold—about £2,350—to Woolwich. In the following days, Pepys witnessed looting, disorder, and disruption. On 7 September, he went to Paul's Wharf and saw the ruins of St Paul's Cathedral, of his old school, of his father's house, and of the house in which he had had his bladder stone removed. Despite all this destruction, Pepys' house, office, and diary were saved.
Personal life ,
Covent Garden, London commemorating Pepys as a witness to the first performance of the puppet show
Punch and Judy in 1662 The diary gives a detailed account of Pepys' personal life. He was fond of
wine, plays, and the company of other people. He also spent time evaluating his fortune and his place in the world. He was always curious and often acted on that curiosity, as he acted upon almost all his impulses. Periodically, he would resolve to devote more time to hard work instead of leisure. For example, in his entry for New Year's Eve, 1661, he writes: "I have newly taken a solemn oath about abstaining from plays and wine…" The following months reveal his lapses to the reader; by 17 February, it is recorded, "Here I drank wine upon necessity, being ill for the want of it." Pepys was one of the most important civil servants of his age, and was also a widely cultivated man, taking an interest in books, music, the theatre, and science. Aside from English, he was fluent in French and read many texts in
Latin. His favourite author was
Virgil. He was passionately interested in music; he composed, sang, and played for pleasure, and even arranged music lessons for his servants. He played the
lute,
viol,
violin,
flageolet,
recorder and
spinet to varying degrees of proficiency. He was also a keen singer, performing at home, in coffee houses, and even in
Westminster Abbey. He and his wife took flageolet lessons from master
Thomas Greeting. He also taught his wife to sing and paid for dancing lessons for her (although these stopped when he became jealous of the dancing master). Pepys was an investor in the
Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa, which held the Royal monopoly on trading along the
west coast of Africa in
gold,
silver,
ivory and
slaves.
Sexual relations Propriety did not prevent him from engaging in a number of extramarital liaisons with various women that were chronicled in his diary, often in some detail when relating the intimate details. The most dramatic of these encounters was with
Deborah Willet, a young woman engaged as a
companion for Elisabeth Pepys. On 25 October 1668, Pepys was surprised by his wife as he embraced Deb Willet; he writes that his wife "coming up suddenly, did find me imbracing the girl con
[with] my hand sub
[under] su
[her] coats; and endeed I was with my main
[hand] in her cunny. I was at a wonderful loss upon it and the girl also...." Following this event, he was characteristically filled with remorse, but (equally characteristically) continued to pursue Willet after she had been dismissed from the Pepys household. Pepys also had a habit of fondling the breasts of his maid Mary Mercer while she dressed him in the morning. Pepys may also have dallied with a leading actress of the Restoration period,
Mary Knep. "Mrs Knep was the wife of a
Smithfield horsedealer, and the mistress of Pepys"—or at least "she granted him a share of her favours". Scholars disagree on the full extent of the Pepys/Knep relationship, but much of later generations' knowledge of Knep comes from the diary. Pepys first met Knep on 6 December 1665. He described her as "pretty enough, but the most excellent, mad-humoured thing, and sings the noblest that I ever heard in my life." He called her husband "an ill, melancholy, jealous-looking fellow" and suspected him of abusing his wife. Knep provided Pepys with backstage access and was a conduit for theatrical and social gossip. When they wrote notes to each other, Pepys signed himself "Dapper Dickey", while Knep was "
Barbry Allen" (a popular song that was an item in her musical repertory). Pepys' reference to purchasing the pornographic book ''
L'Escole des Filles'' appears to be the first English reference to pornography. He writes in his diary that it was a "mighty lewd book", and burned it after reading it. Much of Pepys' behaviour towards women, which he cataloged himself in his diary, would today be considered sexual harassment, sexual assault, and rape. He wrote of using "force" or "great force" to achieve his sexual aims, sometimes causing injury to himself. He also described molesting women in their sleep. Despite his kindness and emotional loyalty towards some women in his life, Pepys ultimately believed men were entitled to the bodies of girls and women. Kate Loveman of Cambridge University describes this belief: "[In his diary] Pepys's sexual language of being 'kind', 'touching', and 'tumbling' emphasized his indulgence and playfulness, while masking coercion and violence; meanwhile, [his victim] Lane's claims of assault he regarded as exemplifying a woman's 'falseness', not because he thought there had been no violence, but because she had no moral right to protest."
Simplified Pepys family tree This tree summarizes, in a more compact form and with a few additional details, trees published elsewhere in a box-like form. It is meant to help the reader of the
Diary and also integrates some biographical information found in the same sources. {{Hidden begin •
William Pepys of Cottenham (Cambs.) (? – 1519) •
Thomas Pepys •
Richard Pepys (? –
c. 1571) •
William Pepys of Norwich,
draper (1561 –
c. 1639) •
Richard Pepys of London,
upholsterer (? – 1679) •
John Pepys of South Creak (Norf.) (? – 1542) •
Thomas Pepys (? – 1569) •
Jerome Pepys (1548–1634) •
John Pepys of Ashtead (Surrey),
man of business to Chief Justice Edward Coke (1576–1652) +(1610)+
Anne Walpole •
Edward Pepys of Broomsthorpe (Norf.),
lawyer (1617–1663) +
Elizabeth Walpole •
Elizabeth Pepys +
Thomas Dyke •
Jane Pepys ("Madam Turner") (1623–1686) +(1650)+
John Turner,
Yorkshire lawyer (1631–1689) •
Charles Turner +
Margaret Cholmley •
Theophila Turner ("The") (1652–1702) +(1673)+
Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet, of Stowford,
M.P. for Okehampton (
c. 1650 – 1686) •
William Turner +
Mary Foulis •
Elizabeth Turner ("Betty") +
William Hooker •
William Pepys of Cottenham (Cambs.) •
John Pepys of Cottenham and Impington (Cambs.) (? – 1589) (1) +
? ? (2) +
Edith Talbot (? – 1583) •
John Pepys 1 (? – 1604) +
Elizabeth Bendish of Essex •
Sir Richard Pepys,
M.P. for Sudbury and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (1589–1659) (1) +(1620)+
Judith Cutte (2) +
Mary Gosnold •
Richard Pepys of Ashen (Essex),
lawyer (? – 1664), ancestor of
Charles Pepys, 1st Earl of Cottenham •
Samuel Pepys of Dublin,
clergyman •
Elizabeth Pepys +
Thomas Strudwick,
confectioner •
Judith Pepys (? – 1664) +
Benjamin Scott,
pewterer (? – 1664) •
Thomas Pepys ("the Black") 1 (? – 1606) +
Mary Day •
Robert Pepys of Brampton (Hunts.),
bailiff at Hinchingbrooke (? – 1661) +
Anne, widow Trice •
Thomas Pepys of St Alphage (1595–1676) +
Mary Syvret [Chiveret] •
Thomas Pepys ("the turner"),
trader with the W. Indies +(1664)+
Elizabeth Howes •
Charles Pepys ("the joiner"),
Master-Joiner with the Chatham yard (
c. 1632 –
c. 1701) +(1662)+
Joan, widow Smith •
Mary Pepys (? – 1667) +(1662)+
Samuel de Santhune,
weaver of Huguenot origin •
Jane Pepys (? – 1666) +
John Perkin of Parson Drove (Cambs.) •
Jane Perkin •
Frank Perkin,
miller and fiddler •
Mary Pepys (1597 – ?) +
Robert Holcroft •
John Holcroft •
Edith Pepys ("Aunt Bell") (1599–1665) +
John Bell •
John Pepys,
tailor in Salisbury Court (1601–1680) +(1626)+
Margaret Kite,
washmaid (? – 1667) •
Mary Pepys (1627–1640) •
Paulina Pepys (1628–1632) •
Esther Pepys (1630–1631) •
John Pepys (1632–1640) •
Samuel Pepys,
diarist, naval administrator, and M.P. for Castle Rising and Harwich (1633–1703) +(1655)+
Élisabeth de Saint-Michel,
born from an Anglo-French wedding, of Angevin gentry by her father (1640–1669) •
Thomas Pepys ("Tom"),
tailor against his will (1634–1664) •
Elizabeth Taylor,
an illegitimate daughter with his maid Margeret •
Sarah Pepys (1635–1641) •
Jacob Pepys (1637–1637) •
Robert Pepys (1638–1638) •
Paulina Pepys ("Pall") (1640–1689) +(1668)+
John Jackson,
farmer in Ellington (Hunts.) (? – 1680) •
Samuel Jackson (1669 – ?) •
John Jackson,
secretary and heir to SP (1673–1724) +
Anne Edgeley •
John Jackson (? – 1780) •
1 other son and 2 daughters •
Anne Jackson +
Brabazon Hallows •
Paulina Jackson +
Admiral R. Collins •
Frances Jackson (1722–1769) +(1747)+
John Cockerell of Bishops Hull (Somer.) (1714–1767) •
John Cockerell •
Charles Cockerell •
Samuel Pepys Cockerell,
architect (1754–1827) •
Charles Robert Cockerell,
architect (1788–1863) +(1828)+
Anna Rennie (1803–1872) •
Frederick Pepys Cockerell,
architect (1833–1878) +(1867)+
Mary Mulock •
6 children •
9 other children •
2 other children dead in infancy •
John Pepys,
naval administrator, unmarr. (1642–1677) •
Thomas Pepys ("the Red") 1 of Hatcham Barnes (Surrey) (? – 1615) +
Kezia ? •
Thomas Pepys ("the Executor"),
lawyer (1611–1675) (1) +(1654)+
Anne Cope (2) +(1660)+
Ursula Stapleton (? –
c. 1693) •
1 son and 1 daughter by the second wedding •
Elizabeth Pepys +(1633)+
Percival Angier,
business man (? – 1665) •
Elizabeth Pepys 1 +(1593)+
Henry Alcock •
issue •
Apollo Pepys 1 (1576–1645) •
Paulina Pepys 2 (1581–1638) +(1618)+
Sidney Montagu (? – 1644) •
Elizabeth Montagu (1620 – ?) +(1638)+
Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1st Baronet,
Lord Chamberlain to Oliver and Richard Cromwell (1613–1668) •
Elizabeth Pickering +(1668)+
John Creed, ''secretary to
Edward Montagu and SP's principal rival'' (? – 1701) •
11 children •
11 other children •
Henry Montagu (1622–1625) •
Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich ("My Lord") (1625–1672) +(1642)+
Jemima Crew ("My Lady") (1625–1674) •
Jemima Montagu ("Lady Jem") (1646–1671) +(1665)+
Philip Carteret,
commissioned lieutenant in the Navy (1643–1672) •
George Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret, (1667–1695) +
Lady Grace Granville (1654–1744) •
John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville,
Prime Minister to George II (1690–1763) +
Lady Frances Worsley •
2 other sons •
Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Sandwich ("Ned") (1648–1688) +(1668)+
Lady Anne Boyle (? – 1671) •
descent of the Earls of Sandwich •
Paulina Montagu (1649–1669) •
Sidney Montagu, later Wortley-Montagu (1650–1727) +
? ?,
Yorkshire heiress •
issue •
Anne Montagu (1653–1729) (1) +(1671)+
Richard Edgcumbe (1640–1688) (2) +
Christopher Montagu •
Oliver Montagu (1655–1693) •
John Montagu,
Dean of Durham (1655–1729) •
Charles Montagu (1658–1721) (1) +
Elizabeth Forester (2) +
Sarah Rogers •
issue by both weddings •
Catherine Montagu (1661–1757) (1) +
Nicholas Bacon,
M.P. for Ipswich (1622–1687) (2) +
Balthazar Gardeman,
clergyman •
James Montagu (1664 – ?) •
Talbot Pepys 2 of Impington (Cambs.),
Recorder and M.P. for Cambridge, remarried 3 times (1583–1666) +
Beatrice Castell •
Roger Pepys of Impington (Cambs.),
Recorder and M.P. for Cambridge (1617–1688) (1) +
Anne Banks (2) +(
c. 1646)+
Barbara Bacon (? – 1657) (3) +
Parnell Duke (4) +(1669)+
Esther, widow Dickenson ("the good-humoured fat widow") •
Talbot Pepys 2 (1647–1681) •
Barbara Pepys ("Bab") 2 (1649–1689) +(1674)+
Dr Thomas Gale, ''High Master of St Paul's School and Dean of York'' (1635–1702) •
Charles Gale •
Thomas Gale •
Elizabeth Gale •
Roger Gale,
antiquary (1672–1744) •
Samuel Gale,
antiquary (1682–1754) •
Elizabeth Pepys ("Betty") 2 (1651–1716) +(1680)+
Charles Long,
fellow of Caius College and rector of Risby (Suff.) •
John Pepys 3 •
Dr John Pepys,
fellow of Trinity Hall and lawyer (1618–1692) +
Catherine, widow Hobson •
Dr Thomas Pepys,
physician, poorly appreciated by SP, unmarr. •
Paulina Pepys +
Hammond Claxton of Booton (Norf.) ==After the diary==