Bulgaria It was reported in December 2012 that Bulgaria was going to negotiate buying eight or nine second-hand fighter jets. Among the contenders were the Swedish Gripen, second-hand Italian Eurofighters and second-hand Portuguese F-16s. Later, in January 2013, it was reported that the Bulgarian Defense Ministry was expected to buy nine F-16s from Portugal. The final phase of the initial preparations was to be started by the middle of 2013. However,
widespread protests led to the resignation of the Borisov cabinet, which delayed all government plans and activities. A new round of negotiations for the purchase of second-hand Greek F-16s had started by the middle of 2014. Possible negotiations with the US were also expected, with hopes of reaching a decision over the procurement in 2015. In July 2015, the government of Bulgaria approved negotiations with Belgium, the Netherlands and Greece for the procurement of second-hand F-16s. The increasingly pressing issue of MiG-29 maintenance, which had been pushing on the deadlines of the procurement, was expected to be resolved by an agreement with Poland for the repairs of the jets' engines. The decision was further delayed beyond 2015 because no money had been set aside for the purchase. To alleviate the issue of air defence, the Ministry of Defence proposed to allow other NATO members to conduct air-policing missions with the Bulgarian Air Force. By then, only four Bulgarian MiG-29s had enough flying capacity left to conduct air policing. This nearly led to the stepping down of the Bulgarian Air Force Commander at the time,
Rumen Radev, as a protest against the Defence Ministry's plan to conduct joint air-policing missions. He stated that the overhaul of MiG-29 engines was only a temporary solution, with the purchase of new fighters still considered urgent. In response, the Bulgarian Ministry of Finance reportedly set aside funding for the purchase of new fighter jets in the 2016 budget draft. Plans and procedures for the procurement of fighter jets and patrol ships were established in the middle of 2016, with around 2.42 billion
lev (1.24 billion euro) earmarked for the projects. In November 2017, it was reported that the Bulgarian Air Force was also looking into buying US-made
Super Hornets. A decision was expected by July 2018. In March 2018, it was reported that Israel was to be invited to participate in the tender with F-16C/D fighter jets. In December 2018, the Bulgarian Ministry of Defence selected the offer for eight
F-16Vs from the United States for an estimated 1.8 billion lev ($1.05 billion) as the preferred option, and recommended the government to start talks with the US. On 16 January 2019, the Bulgarian parliament approved the government's proposal to start negotiations with the United States to purchase F-16V Block 70 aircraft. In May 2019 however, Bulgarian Minister of Defence
Krasimir Karakachanov stated in a radio interview that Bulgaria was considering walking away from negotiations for the aircraft, saying that although Bulgaria was not expecting aircraft "for free, but at normal prices, taking into account the prices offered to other countries, for example Slovakia." On June 3, 2019, the US State Department approved the possible sale of eight F-16s to Bulgaria. The cost of the contract was estimated at $1.2 billion. The deal was vetoed by the Bulgarian President,
Rumen Radev on 23 July 2019, citing the need to find a broader consensus for the deal, sending the deal back to parliament, but on 26 July the deal was again approved by parliament, overruling the veto, and this time was approved by Radev. In November 2022, the purchase of a further 8 planes, spares, weapons and other systems was approved by the parliament, for delivery in 2027. The first eight F-16s were delivered by December 2025.
Greece with
Conformal Fuel Tanks Greece's
Hellenic Air Force acquired 170 F-16s between 1989 and 2010 as part of the four-phase
Peace Xenia program: • Peace Xenia I: Greece received 34 F-16Cs and six F-16Ds, both from Block 30 (delivered 1988–1990) • Peace Xenia III: 40 F-16Cs and 20 F-16Ds from Block 52+, which included conformal fuel tanks (2003–2004) On 17 January 2021, Hellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI) upgraded first F-16C to the latest F-16V standard. , the Hellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI) planned to upgrade 12 F-16 to the F-16V standard per year. Units: • 330 Squadron "Thunderbolt" F-16C/D Block 30 • 335 Squadron "Tiger" F-16C/D Block 52+ Advanced • 337 Squadron "Ghost" F-16C/D Block 52+ • 340 Squadron "Fox" F-16C/D Block 52+ • 341 Squadron "Arrow" F-16C/D Block 50 • 343 Squadron "Star" F-16C/D Block 52+ • 346 Squadron "Jason (Iason)" F-16C/D Block 30 ( Disbanded ) • 347 Squadron "Perseus" F-16C/D Block 50
Poland One of the former members of the
Warsaw Pact that was looking to replace an aging fleet of Soviet-built
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 (withdrawn in service in 1999 due to their small numbers and uneconomical operation) and the
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 fighters (withdrawn from service in 2003),
Poland conducted a competition between the
Mirage 2000-5 Mk.2, the
JAS 39 Gripen, the
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 (the last offer was withdrawn), and the F-16 Fighting Falcon. Despite a strong challenge by the BAe/SAAB team, on 19 April 2003, Poland purchased 48 F-16C/D-52+ aircraft for $3.5 billion. The aircraft were delivered from 2006 under the PEACE SKY program. To avoid confusion with the
PZL W-3 Sokół (
Polish language "Falcon") helicopter, these jet fighters were nicknamed the F-16
Jastrząb (
Goshawk) in Polish. The F-16, along with 32
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 fighters and 48
Sukhoi Su-22 ground attack aircraft, are the main offensive strike force for the
Polish Air Force. There have also been delays in the offset program, the United States has not made all the promised investments in Poland that were part of the deal. Offset deals in 2011 reached $6 billion out of $6.028 billion planned ($9.8 billion at time when offer was chosen), however only one-third of recognised offsets commitment were direct investments in Polish economy. According to a former Polish military defence vice-minister, the offer for
JAS 39 Gripen was a better deal. F-16s cost $3.5 billion, compared to 3.2 billion euro for Saab's Gripen, and 3.6 billion euro for Dassault offer, at a time when both currencies had a similar
exchange rate. Poland lost one of its 48 F-16 on 28 August 2025 when a pilot preparing for an
air show crashed after an
aerobatic maneuver.
Portugal The
Portuguese Air Force chose the F-16 during the 1980s to replace its aging and obsolescent
LTV A-7 Corsair II attack aircraft which were no longer suitable for air-to-air combat and were facing severe logistical problems. The Portuguese Foreign Military Sales program is known as Peace Atlantis.
Peace Atlantis I In August 1990 the government of then-
Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva signed a Letter Of Acceptance (LoA) which led to the creation of the Peace Atlantis I program. The funds used for the purchase were made available through the
Foreign Military Sales program, partly a payment for the use by the United States of
Lajes Air Base in the
Azores. Initially the United States proposed to supply Portugal with surplus Block 10 aircraft. However this option rested on a first order of 20 newly built
F-16 Block 15 OCU (17 A models and three B models) with
Pratt & Whitney F100 engines, which made them almost identical to the
US Air National Guard's F-16 ADF. Deliveries of this first order began on February 18, 1994, and were completed on July 18, 1994. The initial group of Portuguese F-16 pilots was constituted by
fighter pilots from the
302 and
304 Squadrons, received training in
Tucson, Arizona, between January and June 1994. During the
War in Kosovo, it was seen that, while the Portuguese F-16s were recently obtained, they were no longer up to the same level as most modern fighters used by other
NATO countries. In 1999, during the Portuguese participation in the conflict (
Operation Allied Force), the three F-16 fighters deployed by Portugal were relegated to escort missions and combat air patrols due to their lack of modern armament and air-to-ground targeting systems.
Peace Atlantis II During 1996, during the government of then-
Prime Minister António Guterres, new negotiations took place concerning the possible purchase of new F-16 fighters and the modernization of those aircraft. The Pentagon approved of the deal on November 20, 1997, and on November 30, 1998, Portugal signed a Letter of Offer and Acceptance (LoA) for 25 second-hand F-16 Block 15 (21 A and four B) that had been used by the
U.S. Air National Guard. Under the program these would be offered by the United States at zero cost and free of charge as Excess Defense Articles under the Southern Regional Amendment to the Arms Export and Control Act, with Portugal being responsible for their transportation to Europe and for the modernization costs. Included in the LoA and in the Peace Atlantis II program was also the purchase of new
Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220E engines, 20 upgrade kits, logistics support and training. Initially, the plan consisted in only upgrading the second-hand aircraft of the Peace Atlantis II program and of transferring the F-16s from the Peace Atlantis I to a second squadron with the mission of performing tactical air support actions and tactical air support for maritime operations (TASMO), which wouldn't require the MLU kit. Of the second-hand F-16s, five of the airframes were used as spare parts, and only the remaining 20 F-16s were intended for upgrade for day & night all-weather operations, by receiving the Falcon UP structural upgrade, the F100-PW-220E engine upgrade and the Mid-Life update (MLU) avionics and cockpit upgrade, to equip the
301 Squadron.
Current status The
Mid-Life upgrade (MLU) was performed in Portugal by the Air Force's workshops at Monte Real and by
OGMA in Alverca. In 2001, employees of the LMTAS modified the first two aircraft in a Lead-the-Fleet program, with Portuguese technicians observing. The first F-16 AM was delivered in June 2003, and the FAP personnel performed the modification of the remaining 18 aircraft. Currently the Portuguese F-16 fleet uses the AN/ALQ-131 ECM pods, that had originally been bought for the A-7P Corsair IIs, and the new
Rafael LITENING II targeting pods. One aircraft has been preserved for public display and two aircraft have been lost in accidents. In 2006 the Portuguese government put 12 F-16s up for sale. On September 25, 2012, Romania and Portugal started negotiations for the sale of 12 used F-16s in a deal worth $600 million. Aircraft were to be delivered to Romania over the next five years. On October 11, 2013, the
Romanian National Defense Ministry announced the signing of the contract for the purchase of 12 used F-16s. After the sale the Portuguese fleet would consist of 30 F-16s. To enable this, three ex-USAF F-16s (two F-16AMs and one F-16BM) were delivered in 2019.
Future Replacement Portugal ruled out purchasing F-35s to replace F-16s because of US geopolitical decisions made under Trump and fears that he could block needed spare parts or software upgrades required.
Romania On 24 March 2010,
Romania's
Supreme Defense Council approved the purchase of 24 refurbished F-16C/D Block 25 aircraft from the U.S. Air Force inventory. This multi-role aircraft acquisition plan was divided into three stages. These included purchasing 24 second-hand Block 25 F-16s and 24 brand-new Block 50/52. After the refurbished Block 25 aircraft were retired, the last phase of the program called for their replacement with 24
fifth-generation F-35 Lightning II fighters. Due to budget constraints, the purchase of refurbished U.S. aircraft failed, and on 27 September 2012, Romania's Supreme Defense Council approved a plan to buy 12 used F-16s from Portugal in a deal worth 670 million euros. It was planned that the aircraft would be delivered over the next five years, and would enter operational service in 2016 after pilot training. Romania was to complete negotiations and finalization of documents with Portugal by the end of May, and with the U.S. by September. 120 million euros were used to pay for the aircraft, with the rest paying for logistic support. Legislation regarding the F-16 deal was passed by the country's
Chamber of Deputies in June 2013 and on 12 July 2013, Romanian President
Traian Băsescu formally approved the purchase. The first batch of aircraft was scheduled to arrive in 2013. Total cost for the aircraft was estimated at US$1.4 billion. Romania failed to pay the first installment on the aircraft, even though it was delayed from 3 June to 3 August 2013. On 11 October 2013, Romania completed the purchase of 12 Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcons with MLU package from Portugal under the Peace Carpathian program. The Romanian Armed Forces intended to buy 12 more Lockheed Martin F-16AM/BM Fighting Falcons by 2020 to equip a second squadron. After that, Romania planned to buy 24 F-16s of a newer generation by 2025, probably Block 50s. On 27 September 2016, the first six F-16 MLUs entered service with the Romanian Air force. The first F-16 squadron was the
53rd Fighter Squadron at the
86th Airbase in
Fetești. In March 2019, the Romanian Ministry of Defence launched the procedure to procure an additional 36 F-16 aircraft. In April 2019, the Romanian Ministry of Defence announced the Romanian Air Force would procure an additional five F-16s from Portugal. The five aircraft were received until March 2021. On 4 November 2022, a contract for an additional 32 F-16s was signed with Norway after several months of negotiations. The contract was worth €388 million, and the first airplanes arrived in 2023. The first squadron equipped with Norwegian F-16s will be the
48th Fighter Squadron based at
Câmpia Turzii, while the second squadron equipped with Norwegian F-16s will be based at
Mihail Kogălniceanu. The F-16s are expected to be retired between 2034 and 2040, according to a draft law published by the Army in August 2024. On 3 November 2025, Romania has received 18 Netherlands F-16 fighter jets for the "symbolic price" of one euro. The aircraft are stationed at the European F-16 Training Center (EFTC) to train both Romanian and Ukrainian pilots. The following units operate F-16s in Romania:
Slovakia Slovakia had been looking to replace its aging fleet of
MiG-29s since at least 2014, when an option of leasing Swedish
Saab JAS 39 Gripen fighters was considered. A possible proposal was finalized in December 2015. However, by June 2016, the deal was rejected due to concerns over cost. Following this, a new round of negotiations was opened. In February 2018, it was reported that Slovakia was in talks to buy either the F-16 or the Gripen fighter jets. In April 2018, the Slovak Ministry of Defence received an offer for F-16 fighters, amounting to $2.91 billion, from the US Department of Defense. On 11 July 2018, the Government of Slovakia approved the purchase of 14 F-16 Block 70/72 fighters for 1.589 billion euros ($1.86 billion). In November 2018, the Slovak Ministry of Defence announced it had placed an order for 14 F-16Vs for €1.6 billion. Soon after however, the country's Prime Minister went on record to say the contracts were "invalid", stating the documents had not been approved by the Ministry of Finance. It was rapidly revealed that the inability of the ministries to cooperate was due to political rivalries, and the F-16 purchase had caused a minor political crisis in Slovakia. On 12 December 2018, the contract to acquire 12 single-seat and two twin-seat F-16 Block 70/72s was officially signed by Slovak Minister of Defense
Peter Gajdoš. Lockheed conducted the first test flight of a Slovak F-16 on September 29, 2023, and delivered the first jets in January 2024.
Turkey The
Turkish Air Force is the world's third largest operator of the F-16, following the US and Israel. Turkey became one of the nations to indigenously produce the F-16, under a license from
Lockheed Martin. Turkey initially received in total 240 F-16s. However, a further 30 were ordered in 2007. All Turkish F-16s are built by
Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI). Each new aircraft had to visit American territory under the terms of the PEACE ONYX Foreign Military Sales program before being turned over to the Turkish Air Force. In 2005, Turkey signed a $1.1 billion avionics upgrade package, based on the USAF's
Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP). In addition to this, the Turkish Air Force put a firm order for 30 more F-16 Block 50+, to be built by
TAI. , all existing F16s except some Block 30s are now in Block 50+ 'Viper' configuration. On 24 March 2019, the Turkish State Secretariat for Defence officially confirmed that a further upgrade with ASELSAN dubbed 'Özgür' for the modernisation of TurAF's entire F-16 fleet with a domestic AESA radar and a new indigenous EW-self-protection suite. As of 2023, the U.S. approved the sale of 40 new Block 70s and 79 modernization kits.
Ukraine The
Ukrainian Air Force has expressed interest in the F-16. On 18 May 2023 the US government told CNN that it would not block any requests by their allies to transfer their own F-16s to Ukraine but would not send its own F-16s to Ukraine. The question of training such pilots remained unanswered, which would likely involve some US involvement. Two pilots were sent to the United States to train on F-16 simulators for two weeks. A US Air Force document found that Ukrainian pilots learn how to operate the aircraft in four months. Of the two Ukrainian pilots, one was a
MiG-29 flyer and another was a
Su-27 pilot. The biggest issue was their lack of proficiency in the English language and their grounding in Soviet era tactics. On 19 May, US President
Joe Biden said that the US would allow Ukrainian pilots and crew to be trained on the F-16. Denmark has agreed to help train Ukrainians on the usage of the fighter. Denmark's Defence Minister
Troels Lund Poulsen said Denmark "will now be able to move forward for a collective contribution to train Ukrainian pilots to fly F-16s." No start date has been announced for such training to commence. Once it does it could take six to nine months to properly train Ukrainian pilots and crews to use the F-16. Learning English is an important step for any training course. President
Zelenskyy has given a "flat assurance" to President Biden that Ukraine won't use F-16s over Russian territory. In August 2023, President Biden allowed for the delivery of F-16s by their European allies. On August 20, 2023, Zelenskyy stated that
the Netherlands would be handing over up to 42 F-16s to Ukraine. In addition,
Denmark announced its intention to hand over 19 aircraft to the
Ukrainian Air Force, for a total of up to 61 aircraft. Four days later, on Ukraine's
independence day,
Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre confirmed that his country would also provide 5-10 aircraft, depending on how many could be made operational. On 22 December, the
Netherlands' Prime Minister Mark Rutte said that they were preparing an initial 18 F-16s for delivery. On 5 February 2024,
Minister of Defence Kajsa Ollongren announced the Netherlands would send six additional F-16s, following the cancellation of the planned sale to private military aircraft operator
Draken International. On 1 August 2024, Ukraine received its first F-16s, according to
Associated Press. According to
Forbes, these are the ex-Danish F-16AM/BM equipped with Pylon Integrated Dispensing System (PIDS) and the Electronic Combat Integrated Pylon System (ECIPS), both produced by
Elbit Systems and Terma. PIDS ejects metal chaff and flares while ECIPS houses passive defenses to complement the active chaff and flares, including the AN/ALQ-162 jammer and AN/AAR-60 missile warning system for triggering the passive defenses. This is likely to counter the Russian
S-300 and
S-400. By the end of 2024, Ukraine was expected to have received 20 F-16s. The remaining jets would be delivered in batches throughout 2025. In October 2024, Dutch minister of defence
Ruben Brekelmans confirmed that the first of 24 pledged F-16s had been delivered. On 13 December 2024, a F-16 of the UAF purportedly to have shot down six
cruise missiles in a single sortie. == Middle East ==