Derby

Toponymy . The Roman camp of Derventio is considered to have been at Little Chester/Chester Green (), the site of the old Roman fort. Later, the town was one of the "Five Boroughs" (fortified towns) of the Danelaw, until it was captured by Lady Æthelflæd of Mercia in July 917, after which the town was annexed to the Kingdom of Mercia. The Viking name , recorded in Old English as , means "village of the deer". However, the origin of the name Derby has had multiple influences: a variation of the original Roman name with pronunciation of the letter "v" as "b", becoming , and later Derby, along with a link to the river Derwent – from the Celtic meaning "valley thick with oaks" – which flows through the city, triggering a shortened version of Derwent by, meaning 'Derwent settlement'. The town name appears as Darbye on early maps, such as that of John Speed, 1610. Modern research (2004) into the history and archaeology of Derby has provided evidence that the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons would have co-existed, occupying two areas of land surrounded by water. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c. 900) says that "Derby is divided by water". These areas of land were known as ("Northworthy"="north enclosure") and , and were at the "Irongate" (north) side of Derby. 16th–18th centuries During the Civil War of 1642–1646, Derby was garrisoned by Parliamentary troops commanded by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, who was appointed Governor of Derby in 1643. These troops took part in the defence of nearby Nottingham, the siege of Lichfield, the battle of Hopton Heath and many other engagements in Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire, as well as successfully defending Derbyshire against Royalist armies. The first civic system of piped water in England was established in Derby in 1692, using wooden pipes, which was common for several centuries. The Derby Waterworks included waterwheel-powered pumps for raising water out of the River Derwent and storage tanks for distribution. This was designed and built by local engineer George Sorocold. During the Jacobite rising of 1745, Jacobite Army troops led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart arrived in Derby on 4 December 1745, while on their way to London to attempt to overthrow the reigning House of Hanover. Stuart called at The George Inn on Irongate (where the Duke of Devonshire had set up his headquarters in late November after raising The Derbyshire Blues) and demanded billets for the 9,000 troops under his command. The prince stayed at Exeter House on Full Street, where he held a council of war on 5 December which decided to retreat. Stuart had received misleading information about a government army coming to meet him south of Derby. He abandoned his invasion at Swarkestone Bridge on the River Trent, a few miles south of Derby. The prince, who on the march from Scotland had walked at the front of the column, made the return journey on horseback at the rear of the bedraggled and tired army. Shrovetide football was played at Derby every year, possibly from as early as the 12th century. The town was split into the St Peter's and All Saints parishes, who fought to bring the ball from the Market Place to a goal within their own parishes. There were several attempts to ban the game, described in 1846 as "the barbarous and disgusting play of Foot-Ball, which for a great number of years has annually disgraced our town". In that year the military were brought in and after the police cut the first ball to pieces, another ball was produced and the town's Mayor was "struck on the shoulder by a brick-bat, hurled by some ferocious ruffian, and severely bruised". The Derby Football was banned in 1846, although it was played once more in 1870. Industrial Revolution Derby and Derbyshire were among the centres of Britain's Industrial Revolution. In 1717, Derby was the site of the first water-powered silk mill in Britain, built by John Lombe and George Sorocold, after Lombe had reputedly stolen the secrets of silk-throwing from Piedmont in Italy (he is alleged to have been poisoned by the Piedmontese as revenge in 1722). In 1759, Jedediah Strutt patented and built a machine called the Derby Rib Attachment that revolutionised the manufacture of hose. This attachment was used on the Rev. Lee's Framework Knitting Machine; it was placed in front of – and worked in unison with – Lee's Frame, to produce ribbed hose (stockings). The partners were Jedediah Strutt, William Woollatt (who had been joined in 1758 by John Bloodworth and Thomas Stafford, all leading hosiers in Derby). The patent was obtained in January 1759. After three years, Bloodworth and Stafford were paid off, and Samuel Need – a hosier of Nottingham – joined the partnership. The firm was known as Need, Strutt and Woollatt. The patent expired in 1773 This was followed in Derbyshire by Jedediah Strutt's cotton spinning mills at Belper. They were: South Mill, the first, 1775; North Mill, 1784, which was destroyed by fire on 12 January 1803 and then rebuilt, starting work again at the end of 1804; West Mill, 1792, commenced working 1796; Reeling Mill, 1897; Round Mill, which took 10 years to build, from 1803 to 1813, and commenced working in 1816; and Milford Mills, 1778. The Belper and Milford mills were not built in partnership with Arkwright; they were all owned and financed by Strutt. Other notable 18th-century figures with connections to Derby include the painter Joseph Wright, known as Wright of Derby, who was known for his innovative use of light in his paintings and was an associate of the Royal Academy; and John Whitehurst, a clockmaker and philosopher. Erasmus Darwin, doctor, scientist, philosopher and grandfather of Charles Darwin, moved to Derby in 1782 and founded the Derby Philosophical Society. Derby's place in the country's philosophical and political life continued with Henry Hutchinson, an active member of the Fabian Society. On his death in 1894, he left the society an amount in his will which was instrumental in founding the London School of Economics. The beginning of 19th century saw Derby emerging as an engineering centre, with manufacturers such as James Fox, who exported machine tools to Russia. In 1840, the North Midland Railway set up its works in Derby and when it merged with the Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway to form the Midland Railway, Derby became its headquarters. The connection with the railway encouraged others, notably Andrew Handyside, Charles Fox and his son Francis Fox. A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Normanton Barracks in 1877. Derby was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and it became a county borough with the Local Government Act 1888. The borough expanded in 1877 to include Little Chester and Litchurch, and then in 1890 to include New Normanton and Rowditch. The borough did not increase substantially again until 1968, when under a recommendation of the Local Government Boundary Commission it was expanded into large parts of the rural district of Belper, Repton and South East Derbyshire. This vastly increased Derby's population from 132,408 in the 1961 census to 219,578 in the 1971 census. is part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site, now the Museum of Making Despite being one of the areas of Britain furthest from the sea, Derby holds a special place in the history of marine safety – it was as MP for Derby that Samuel Plimsoll introduced his bills for a "Plimsoll line" (and other marine safety measures). This failed on first introduction, but was successful in 1876 and contributed to Plimsoll's re-election as an MP. Railway engineering As a consequence of the Midland Railway having their headquarters in Derby, along with their Locomotive and Carriage & Wagon Works, the railways had been a major influence on the development of the town during the Victorian period. During the 20th century, railway manufacturing developed elsewhere, while in Derby the emphasis shifted to other industries. Even though it had pioneered the introduction of diesel locomotives, new production finished in 1966. Repair work gradually diminished until the locomotive works closed, the land being redeveloped as Pride Park. The only buildings remaining are those visible from Platform 6 of the station. The Carriage and Wagon Works has been owned by Alstom since 2021 and continues to build trains. The Railway Technical Centre continues to house railway businesses; this formerly included the headquarters of DeltaRail Group (previously known as the British Rail Research Division). Derby railway station retains an important position in the railway network. East Midlands Railway operate Derby Etches Park depot while Network Rail and Rail Operations Group also maintain trains in Derby. On 21 March 2023, it was announced that the city was to be the headquarters of Great British Railways. Derby is also the headquarters of the Derby Railway Engineering Society, founded in 1908 to promote railway engineering expertise both in the city and nationally. 20th century to present day An industrial boom began in Derby when Rolls-Royce opened a car and aircraft factory in the town in 1907. In 1923, the Midland Railway became part of the London, Midland & Scottish Railway with headquarters in London. However, Derby remained a major rail manufacturing centre, second only to Crewe and Wolverton. Moreover, it remained a design and development centre and in the 1930s, on the direction of Lord Stamp, the LMS Scientific Research Laboratory was opened on London Road. In 1911, the Derby Wireless Club was formed by a group of local engineers and experimenters. It was to be the first radio or "wireless club" in the country. The early activities of the club, (even through World Wars), pushed the boundaries of 'wireless' technologies at the time in England, and promoted it into becoming a hobby for many local folk. {Over later years, as radio technology progressed, the club transitioned to become the Derby & District Amateur Radio Society (DADARS), continuing to host meetings and events for radio hobbyists with all the new technologies, into the early 2020s.} In World War I, Derby was targeted by German Zeppelin air bombers, who killed five people in a 1916 raid on the town. All Saints Church was designated as a cathedral in 1927, signalling that the town was ready for city status. Slum clearance in the 1920s and 1930s saw the central area of Derby become less heavily populated as families were rehoused on new council estates in the suburbs, where houses for private sale were also constructed. Rehousing, council house building and private housing developments continued on a large scale for some 30 years after the end of World War II in 1945. Production and repair work continued at the railway works. In December 1947 the Locomotive Works unveiled Britain's first mainline passenger diesel-electric locomotive – "Number 10000". In 1958 production switched over to diesel locomotives completely. Meanwhile, the Carriage & Wagon Works were building the first of the Diesel Multiple Units that were to take over many of the services. In 1964 the British Rail Research Division opened to study all aspects of railway engineering from first principles. Its first success was in drastically improving the reliability and speed of goods trains, work which led to the development of the Advanced Passenger Train. Derby was awarded city status on 7 June 1977 by Queen Elizabeth II to mark the 25th anniversary of her ascension to the throne. The Queen presented the "charter scroll" or "letters patent" in person on 28 July 1977 on the steps of the Council House to the then Mayor Councillor Jeffrey Tillet (Conservative). Until then, Derby had been one of the few towns in England with a cathedral but not city status. Derby holds an important position in the history of the Labour movement as one of two seats (the other being Keir Hardie's in Merthyr Tydfil) gained by the recently formed Labour Representation Committee at the 1900 general election. The MP was Richard Bell, General Secretary of the Railway Servants Union. Bell was succeeded in 1910 by Jimmy Thomas and he in turn by the distinguished polymath and Nobel Laureate Philip Noel-Baker in 1936. Despite its strategic industries (rail and aero-engine), Derby suffered comparatively little damage in both world wars (contrast Bristol and Filton). This may in part have been because of jamming against the German radio-beam navigations systems (X-Verfahren and Knickebein, camouflage and decoy techniques ("Starfish sites") were built, mainly south of the town, e.g. out in fields near Foremark). Derby has also become a significant cultural centre for the deaf community in Britain. Many deaf people move to Derby because of its strong sign language-using community. It is estimated that the deaf population in Derby is at least three times higher than the national average, and that only London has a larger deaf population. The Royal School for the Deaf on Ashbourne Road provides education in British Sign Language and English. To celebrate the city's heritage, mosaic and cast-iron stars are installed in the city's pavements. Names of significant people contributing to a variety of fields (arts, sport, science etc.) are etched into the stars as part of the Derby City Council's program called Made in Derby. People who have made an impact include Florence Nightingale, Joseph Wright, Brian Clough, Bess of Hardwick, John Hurt, John Flamsteed, Philip Noel-Baker, Alice Wheeldon, and Rolls and Royce. By using the Made in Derby app, the names can be scanned to learn more about them. ==Governance==

Local government By traditional definitions, Derby is the county town of Derbyshire; the county's quarter sessions were held at Derby and knights of the shire were elected there, with County Hall on St Mary's Gate being built in 1660 to host such courts and meetings. When elected county councils were established in 1889, Derbyshire County Council initially used County Hall as its meeting place, but moved to Smedley's Hydro in Matlock in 1955. Between 1889 and 1974 Derby was a county borough, independent from the county council. It then became a lower-tier district council with the county council providing county-level services between 1974 and 1997. On 1 April 1997, Derby City Council became a unitary authority, regaining its independence from the county council. On 7 July 2014, Derby's first ever Youth Mayor, Belal Butt (a student from Chellaston Academy), was elected by the Mayor of Derby. UK parliament Derby was a single United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency represented by two members of parliament until 1950, when it was divided into the single-member constituencies of Derby North and Derby South. However, in 2010, the wards of Allestree, Oakwood and Spondon were moved to the new constituency of Mid Derbyshire, created for the 2010 general election. As of 2020, Derby is represented by three MPs. in East Street City emblem Derby's emblem is the Derby Ram, about which there is a folk song titled "The Derby Ram". It is found in a number of places, most notably serving as the nickname of Derby County F.C. The logo of the City Council's services is a stylised ram. ==Geography==

Derby is in a relatively low-lying area along the lower valley of the River Derwent, where the south-east foothills of the Pennines adjoin the lowlands and valley of the River Trent to the south. The city is bordered by four national character areas, the Trent Valley Washlands to the south, the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfields in the east, the South Derbyshire Claylands in the west, and the Derbyshire Peak Fringe in the north. Most of the flat plains surrounding Derby lie in the Trent Valley Washlands and South Derbyshire Claylands, while the hillier, northern parts of the city lie within the Derbyshire Peak Fringe and the Coalfields. The city is around from Coton in the Elms, the farthest place from coastal waters in the United Kingdom. Derby urban area The Derby Built-up Area (BUA) or Derby Urban Area is an area including Derby and adjoining built-up districts of Derbyshire,. The Office for National Statistics defines an urban area as one which is built upon, with nearby areas linked if within 200 metres. It had a total population of 270,468 at the time of the 2011 census. An increase of over 10% since the 2001 census recorded population of 236,738; comprising population increases since 2001 along with new minor residential areas, and larger sub-divisions. The Derby built-up area is considered to be most of the city, as well as outlying villages within the districts of Amber Valley and Erewash which adjoin the city. Because methods of measuring linked areas were redefined for the 2011 census, Breadsall, Duffield and Little Eaton were included. However, Quarndon was not considered at the time to be a component as it was marginally too distant. It extended south to small adjoining estates in the South Derbyshire district, at Boulton Moor/Thulston Fields, Stenson Fields, and the Mickleover Country Park residential development (The Pastures) within Burnaston parish. The urban area was bounded to the east by a narrow gap between Borrowash and Draycott (to the west of the Breaston urban area sub-division of the Nottingham BUA). It was also close to other nearby urban areas to the north. The conurbation methodology was changed for the 2021 census to only amalgamate built up areas linked by a direct road connection, this resulted in a number of the 2011 areas being dropped but Quarndon being added and an overall increase in population. Notes: • Ockbrook included in Borrowash figure. • Derby unitary authority 2001/2011/2021 population figures were 221,716, 244,625 and 261,364, the table ONS subdivision figures also containing small adjoining estates outside the city boundary at Boulton Moor/Thulston Fields, Stenton Fields, Burnaston and others. Green belt Derby has a green belt area defined to the north and east of the city, first drawn up in the 1950s, to prevent convergence with the surrounding towns and villages. It extends for several miles into the counties of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, covering much of the area up to Nottingham. Climate Derby's climate is classified as a warm and temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) according to the Köppen climate classification, along with the rest of the British Isles. Precipitation averages 694 mm and there is precipitation even during the driest month. The average annual temperature is 9.7 °C and the highest temperature ever recorded in Derby was , recorded at Markeaton Park on 3 August 1990. {{Weather box|width=auto Nearby settlements • Northwest: Buxton, Bakewell, Glossop, Manchester. • North: Duffield, Belper, Matlock. • Northeast: Ilkeston, Heanor, Eastwood, Alfreton, Swanwick Clay Cross, Ripley, Mansfield, Chesterfield, Sheffield. • East: Nottingham, Borrowash, Breaston, Long Eaton, Beeston, Ockbrook. • West: Ashbourne, Uttoxeter, Stoke on Trent. • Southwest: Burton on Trent, Lichfield, Birmingham. • South: Swadlincote, Castle Donington, Melbourne, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Coventry. • Southeast: Kegworth, Loughborough, Leicester. == Demography ==

Ethnicity Religion ==Economy==

Derby's two biggest employers, Rolls-Royce Holdings and Toyota, are engaged in engineering manufacturing. Other companies of note include railway systems engineering firm Alstom, who manufacture railway rolling stock at Derby Litchurch Lane Works; First Source, who deal with much of Sky's telephone support; and Triton Equity, who took over Alstom's manufacturing plant for large power plant boilers and heat exchangers in 2014. Derby power station on Silkmill Lane supplied electricity to the town and the surrounding area from 1893 until its closure in 1969. From 1922 Sinfin Lane was the home of the site of International Combustion, originally manufacturers of machinery for the automatic delivery of pulverised fuel to furnaces and boilers, and later producing steam-generating boilers for use in electrical generating plant such as used in power stations. In the 1990s the firm was bought by Rolls-Royce plc and then sold on again to ABB Group. Derby was the home of Core Design (originally based on Ashbourne Road), who developed the successful video game Tomb Raider. When Derby's inner ring road was completed in 2010, a section of it was named 'Lara Croft Way' after the game's heroine Lara Croft. Lara also has a Made in Derby star. One of Derby's longest-established businesses is Royal Crown Derby, which has been producing porcelain since the 1750s. The Midlands Co-operative Society, a predecessor of Central England Co-operative, traced its origins to Derby Co-operative Provident Society which, in 1854, was one of the first co-operatives in the region. Infinity Park Derby is a planned business park for aerospace, rail and automotive technology adjacent to the Rolls-Royce site in Sinfin. In December 2014, the government announced that the park would gain enterprise zone status by being added to Nottingham Enterprise Zone. Retail and nightlife Shopping in central Derby is divided into three main areas. These are the Cathedral Quarter, the St Peters Quarter and the Derbion shopping centre. The Cathedral Quarter was Derby's first BID (Business Improvement District), and includes a large range of shops, boutiques, coffee shops and restaurants. It is focused around the cathedral and the area around Irongate and Sadler Gate. It includes the Market place, the Guildhall and Assembly Rooms along with the City Museum and the Silk Mill industrial museum. The St Peters Quarter is Derby's second Business Improvement District, brought into effect in the summer of 2011. Its boundary with the Cathedral Quarter follows Victoria Street, beneath which flows the underground course of the Markeaton Brook. The quarter boasts a diverse range of retail shops, many of them, in Green Lane, Babington Lane, Osmaston Road and elsewhere, independent traders. St Peters Street, London Road and East Street also include a large choice of national retailers and pubs, restaurants, banks and offices. The quarter includes the historic St Peters Church and, on St Peter's Churchyard, the medieval Derby School building. Nearby also is the Old Courthouse (former County Court). shopping centre Derbion is the city's main indoor shopping centre. It opened in 2007 as Westfield Derby after extension work costing £340 million, subsequently being sold to Intu in March 2014. It contains a food court and a 12-screen cinema (Showcase – Cinema De Lux) which was opened in May 2008. The development was controversial and local opponents accuse it of drawing trade away from the older parts of the city centre where independent shops are located. Some of these experienced a downturn in trade and some have ceased trading since the development opened leading to the "Lanes" project which eventually became the second BID and the formation of St Peters Quarter. In the centre itself, a combination of high rents and rising rates have made things difficult for smaller traders. The Friar Gate area contains clubs and bars, making it the centre of Derby's nightlife. Derby is also well provided with pubs and is renowned for its large number of real ale outlets. The oldest pub is the Grade II listed Ye Olde Dolphin Inne, dating from the late 16th century. Out-of-town shopping areas include the Kingsway Retail Park, off the A38; the Wyvern Retail Park, near Pride Park; and the Meteor Centre, on Mansfield Road. ==Landmarks==

Derby Cathedral tower is tall to the tip of the pinnacles. This has been home to a pair of breeding peregrine falcons since 2006, monitored by four webcams. Derby Gaol is a visitor attraction based in the dungeons of the Derbyshire County Gaol, which dates back to 1756. Derby Museum of Making is housed in Derby Silk Mill and shows the industrial heritage and technological achievement of Derby, including Rolls-Royce aero engines, railways, mining, quarrying and foundries. The Silk Mill stands at the southern end of the stretch of the River Derwent designated a World Heritage Site in 2001. On 10 May 2022, the Museum of Making was short-listed for the 2022 Art Fund Museum of the Year award, and in 2024 it was one of six museums to receive a special commendation in the European Museum of the Year Awards. Pickford's House Museum was built by architect Joseph Pickford in 1770. It was his home and business headquarters. Derby Museum and Art Gallery shows paintings by Joseph Wright, as well as fine Royal Crown Derby porcelain, natural history, local regiments and archaeology. Pickford also designed St Helen's House in King Street. The skyline of the inner city changed in 1968 when the inner ring road with its two new crossings of the River Derwent was built. The route of the ring road went through the St Alkmund's Church and its Georgian churchyard, the only Georgian square in Derby. Both were demolished to make way for the road, a move still criticised today. Thus the editor (Elizabeth Williamson) of the 2nd edition of Pevsner for Derbyshire wrote: "...the character and cohesion of the centre has been completely altered by the replacement of a large number of C18 houses in the centre by a multi-lane road. As a traffic scheme this road is said to be a triumph; as townscape it is a disaster." Places of interest • Cathedral Quarter • Corn Exchange • Darley Abbey • Derbion (formerly Intu Derby) • Derby Arboretum • Derby Arena • Derby Canal • Derby Catacombs • Derby Cathedral • Derby Friargate Station (of which all that remains is Handyside Bridge and the bridge across Friargate) • Derby Museum and Art Gallery • Museum of Making (housed in Derby Silk Mill) • Derby Computer Museum • St Mary's Church, Derby • Pickford's House Museum • Pride Park Stadium (Derby County F.C.) and its predecessor the Baseball Ground (now demolished) • River Derwent • Royal Crown Derby Museum and Factory Tour • Saint Benedict Catholic School and Performing Arts College secondary school • St Helen's House, Derby ==Transport==

Railways The city is one of the country's main railway centres. Derby railway station is served by two train operating companies: • East Midlands Railway operates regular inter-city services on the Midland Main Line between London St Pancras, Leicester and Sheffield. There are also services between Newark Castle, Nottingham and Crewe; trains between Nottingham and Matlock also call here. • CrossCountry operates hourly services in each direction between Nottingham, Birmingham New Street and Cardiff Central. The station is also on a main inter-city route between locations in Scotland, the North East, the South West and South East; these include Edinburgh, Newcastle, York, Leeds, Sheffield, Birmingham, Bristol, Exeter and Plymouth, Reading and Southampton. There are also local stations at Peartree (on the Newark to Crewe route) and Spondon (on the Nottingham to Matlock route), although their stopping services are very limited. Buses and coaches Derby bus station is the hub for local bus services in and around the city. Routes are operated by a number of companies, but principally Trentbarton and Arriva Derby. Destinations include, but are not limited to, Belper, Burton-upon-Trent, Ilkeston, Ripley, Nottingham, Uttoxeter, Chesterfield, Leicester, Mansfield, and Swadlincote. Several nightbuses (or more frequent buses in the case of Red Arrow, and three extra buses in the case of 6N) also operate from Derby, run by trentbarton and Kinchbus (in the case of Skylink Derby) on Friday nights/Saturday early mornings and Saturday nights/Sunday early mornings, including: The Sixes (6N) - Derby > Duffield > Belper > Belper Estates > Openwoodgate then back to Derby along the A38 The Nines (9.1) - Runs two journeys 1 hour 30 mins apart from Derby > Kilburn > Ripley > Alfreton > South Normanton (Last journey only) Xprss38 - Derby > Stretton > Burton H1 - Derby > Smalley > Heanor > Langley Mill (Last journey only) Ilkeston Flyer - Derby > Spondon > Kirk Hallam > Ilkeston > Langley Mill (Last journey only) Indigo - Derby > Spondon > Draycott > Breaston > Long Eaton > Chilwell > Beeston > QMC > Nottingham Red Arrow - Derby > Nottingham Swift (One journey only) - Derby > Mackworth > Kirk Langley > Brailsford > Ashbourne The Allestree (One journey only) - Derby > University of Derby > Allestree Skylink Derby - Derby > Alvaston > Shardlow > Castle Donington > East Midlands Airport > East Midlands Gateway > Kegworth > Hathern > Loughborough > Birstall > Leicester Two bus routes from Derby operate 24/7, being the Red Arrow, and Skylink, both running every hour throughout the night The city is on several National Express routes; destinations include Birmingham, Gatwick Airport, Leicester, Leeds and London. This new section connects Burton Road with Uttoxeter New Road; it crosses Abbey Street, which is the only road between the two ends from which Mercian Way can be accessed. Air East Midlands Airport is located about from Derby city centre. There was controversy concerning the airport's decision to prefix its name with Nottingham in 2004; this was due to its proximity to Derby, the fact that the airport is in Leicestershire and the traditional rivalry between its three nearby cities (Derby, Leicester and Nottingham). In 2006, Nottingham East Midlands Airport reverted to its previous name. The airport is served by budget airlines, including Ryanair and Jet2, with services to domestic and European destinations. Derby Airfield, approximately south-west of the city centre, has grass runways targeted at general aviation. ==Culture==

On 8 October 2021 it was announced that Derby had been included in the longlist of bids to host UK City of Culture 2025, but in March 2022 it failed to make it onto the shortlist. Derby is known by many locals as "Derbados"; a portmanteau of Derby and Barbados. Also see List of city nicknames in the United Kingdom. Music The indie pop band White Town, fronted by Jyoti Mishra, is from Derby, and his video "Your Woman", features scenes from the city centre. "Your Woman" reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in January 1997. Founding member and songwriter of Mercury Prize nominated alternative rock band Maxïmo Park and solo artist Duncan Lloyd is from Derby. His band hit the number 2 spot in the U.K. album charts in 2020, with the album Nature Always Wins. Pop singer Kelli Young (born 7 April 1982) is from Derby. She is best known as a member of the pop group Liberty X. Lucy Ward is an English singer-songwriter from Derby, England. She performs traditional English folk songs as well as her own material. Three of her albums, Adelphi Has to Fly, Single Flame and I Dreamt I Was a Bird, have been critically acclaimed and have each received four-starred reviews in the British national press. In rock music, the blues singer-songwriter Kevin Coyne came from Derby, as does the three-piece rock band LostAlone, and indie/glam rock band The Struts. The ska punk band Lightyear also hail from the city, naming their second album Chris Gentlemens Hairdresser and Railway Book Shop after a shop in Macklin Street. The band Anti-Pasti, whose debut 1981 album The Last Call reached the top 40 in the UK album charts, came from Derby. The band reformed in 2012 and again with an altered line up in 2014. Derby band The Beekeepers were signed to Beggars Banquet Records between 1993 and 1998. Singer Jamie East later went on to create entertainment website Holy Moly and present ''Big Brother's Bit on the Side''. Sinfonia Viva is a chamber orchestra based in Derby, presenting concerts and educational events in the city, across the East Midlands, and occasionally further afield. A full-scale programme of orchestral and other concerts was presented by Derby LIVE at the Assembly Rooms, though this is currently closed following fire damage in March 2014. The amateur classical music scene includes two choral societies, Derby Bach Choir and Derby Choral Union; smaller choirs including the Derwent Singers and Sitwell Singers; and Derby Concert Orchestra. Derby Chamber Music presents an annual series of chamber music concerts at Derby University's Multifaith Centre. A series of organ recitals is presented every summer at Derby Cathedral. The folk-music scene includes the annual Derby Folk Festival. Derby Jazz promotes a year-round series of performances and workshops. Kaleidoscope Community Music includes Kaleidoscope Community Choir and Calidoscopio Carnival Drummers. Other music venues in the city include The Venue on Abbey Street, The Hairy Dog on Becket Street, Ryan's Bar in the St Peter's Quarter, The Flowerpot on King Street, and The Victoria Inn. Theatre and arts Derby has had a number of theatres, including the Grand Theatre which was opened from 1886 until 1950. This replaced the earlier Theatre Royal. After a lengthy period of financial uncertainty, Derby Playhouse closed in February 2008. It was resurrected in September of that year after a new financing package was put together but forced to close again just two months later because of further financial problems. The lease was later bought by Derby University and the building was renamed Derby Theatre. Along with the Assembly Rooms and Guildhall Theatre, it was operated by Derby LIVE, the cultural arm of Derby City Council. In 2012 Derby University took over as sole operator of Derby Theatre; Sarah Brigham was appointed artistic director, and has been in post since January 2013. QUAD is a centre for art and film that opened in 2008. The building has two cinema screens showing independent and mainstream cinema, two gallery spaces housing contemporary visual arts, a digital studio, participation spaces, digital editing suites, artists studio and the BFI Mediatheque. QUAD organises the annual Derby Film Festival, and the FORMAT international photography festival, held every two years at various venues throughout the city. The Robert Ludlam Theatre, on the campus of Saint Benedict Catholic School and Performing Arts College, is a 270-seat venue with a programme of entertainment including dance, drama, art, music, theatre in the round, comedy, films, family entertainment, rock and pop events and workshops. The theatre company Oddsocks is based in Derby and stages productions in the city and the surrounding area, as well as travelling the country. Déda, established in 1991, is the only dedicated dance house in the East Midlands region, acting as a local, regional and national resource for dance and aerial artists and contemporary circus. Déda houses a 124-capacity studio theatre, three dance studios, meeting room facilities and the CUBE café bar. It offers a weekly class programme and a year-round professional performance programme for children, young people and adults, and a community development programme. Déda now hosts a BA degree in Dance in partnership with the University of Derby. Derby Book Festival, first held in 2015, takes place in late spring/early summer, with events throughout the city. An additional "Autumn edition" was first held in October 2019. Derby Festé is a weekend street arts festival held at the end of September every year. The first Six Streets Arts trail was in June 2012, took place again in 2013 and will now be a biennial event. It includes strong input from the local History Network which was awarded a Heritage Lottery grant to pursue its work on marking the 100th anniversary of World War 1. The actor and Bafta award winner Jack O'Connell is from Derby. John Dexter the theatre director and the actor Alan Bates were from Derby. John Osborne wrote his play Look Back in Anger in 1956 while living in Derby and working at Derby Playhouse. Museums Derby has several museums. • Derby Museum and Art Gallery • Museum of Making (housed in Derby Silk Mill) • Derby Computer Museum • Pickford's House Museum Parks Derby Arboretum, donated to the town by local philanthropist Joseph Strutt in 1840, was the first planned urban public park in the country. Although it suffered from neglect in the 1990s, it has been renovated. It has been claimed to have been one of the inspirations for Central Park in New York. Markeaton Park is Derby's most used leisure facility. Other major parks in the city include Allestree Park, Darley Park, Chaddesden Park, Alvaston Park, Normanton Park and Osmaston Park. Derby is believed to be one of the country's highest, if not the highest, ranking cities for parkland per capita. Darley and Derwent Parks lie immediately north of the city centre. Derby Rowing Club and Derwent Rowing Club are located on the banks of the river, where there is also a riverside walk and cycle path. On 10 November 2021, Derby City Council approved plans for the UK's first large-scale urban rewilding project, in Allestree Park. ==Sport==

Derby gained a high profile in sport following the appointment of Brian Clough as manager of Derby County F.C. in 1967. Promotion to the Football League First Division was achieved in 1969, and County were champions of the English league three years later. Following Clough's resignation in 1973, his successor Dave Mackay guided Derby County to another league title in 1975, but this remains to date the club's last major trophy; relegation followed in 1980 and top flight status was not regained until 1987, since when Derby have spent a total of 11 seasons (1987–1991, 1996–2002, 2007–2008) in the top flight. Other former managers of the club include Arthur Cox, Jim Smith, John Gregory and George Burley. Former players include Colin Todd, Roy McFarland (who both later had brief and unsuccessful stints as manager at the club), Dave Mackay, Peter Shilton, Dean Saunders, Craig Short, Marco Gabbiadini, Horacio Carbonari, Fabrizio Ravanelli, Steve Bloomer and Tom Huddlestone. The club moved from its century-old Baseball Ground in 1997 to the new Pride Park Stadium. There are three senior non-league football clubs based in the city. Mickleover Sports play at Station Road, Mickleover, and are members of the EvoStik Northern Premier League (the seventh level of the English football league system). Graham Street Prims and Borrowash Victoria are both members of the East Midlands Counties League (level ten) and play on adjacent grounds at the Asterdale complex in Spondon. Derbyshire County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Derby and play almost all home matches there, although matches at Chesterfield were re-introduced in 2006. One of the designated first class county sides, they have won the County Championship once, in 1936. Derby has clubs in both codes of rugby. In rugby union, Derby RFC play in Midlands Division One East (the sixth level of English rugby union) at their Haslams Lane ground. Rugby league team Derby City RLFC were formed in 1990 and compete in the Midlands Premier Division of the National Rugby League Conference. From 2008 they are ground-sharing with Derby RFC at Haslams Lane. The city is represented in the English Basketball League Division One by Derby Trailblazers, who play at the Moorways Sports Centre. They were formed in 2002 following the demise of British Basketball League side Derby Storm. Team Derby, based at Derby Arena, won the inaugural National Badminton League title in 2014–15. The Arena, opened in 2015, also contains a velodrome that has hosted the Revolution cycling series. Local industrialist Francis Ley introduced baseball to the town in the late 19th century, and built a stadium near the town centre. The attempt to establish baseball in Derby was unsuccessful, but the stadium survived for some 100 years afterwards as the home of Derby County Football Club. It was demolished in 2003, six years after County's move to Pride Park. Professional golfer Melissa Reid was born in Derby in 1987. She plays on the Ladies European Tour, and was a member of the victorious European Team in the 2011 Solheim Cup. Arthur Keily the marathon runner and Olympian was born in Derbyshire in 1921 and has lived his whole life in Derby. In Rome in 1960 he broke the English Olympic record, recording a time of 2 hours 27 mins. ==Education==

Like most of the UK, Derby operates a non-selective primary and secondary education system with no middle schools. Pupils attend infant and junior school (often in a combined primary school) before moving onto a secondary school. Many of the secondary schools have sixth forms, allowing pupils to optionally take A Levels after the end of compulsory education. For those who want to stay in education but leave school, the large Derby College provides post-16 courses for school leavers, apprentices and employer-related training. It has two main campuses: the Joseph Wright Centre in the centre of Derby, where its A Level courses are based, and the historical Derby Roundhouse, the college's vocational training hub, providing a centre for apprenticeships such as engineering, catering and hair and beauty. The college also works in partnership with schools across the county to provide vocational training opportunities for students aged 14 upwards. Training for companies is undertaken through its Corporate College. Inside the state sector, there are 16 secondary schools. These are: Allestree Woodlands School, Alvaston Moor Academy, Bemrose School, Chellaston Academy, City of Derby Academy, Da Vinci Academy, Derby Cathedral School, Derby Manufacturing UTC, Derby Moor Academy, Derby Pride Academy, Landau Forte College, Lees Brook Community School, Littleover Community School, Merrill Academy, Murray Park School, Noel-Baker Academy, Saint Benedict Catholic Voluntary Academy and West Park School. Outside the state sector, there are three fee-paying independent schools. Derby Grammar School was founded in 1994 and was for boys only until 2007, when they accepted girls into the sixth form for the first time. They aim to continue the work and traditions of the former Derby School, which closed in 1989, one of the oldest schools in England. Derby High School was girls-only for senior and sixth form and for girls and boys at primary level until 2019 where boys were accepted into Year 7 and Year 12. As of 2023, the school is now fully co-educational, accepting both boys and girls in all years of school. Derby has special needs establishments including Ivy House School at the Derby Moor Community Sports College (which takes pupils from nursery to sixth form) and the Light House which is a respite facility for children and parents. Allestree Woodlands School have a Hearing Impaired department, and Saint Benedict have an Enhanced Resource Base for pupils to access specialised support within mainstream schooling. There also a number of alternative provision schools, including Derby Pride Academy. The University of Derby has its main campus on Kedleston Road. There is another campus in north Derbyshire at Buxton. , main campus In 2003 the University of Nottingham opened a graduate entry medical school based at Royal Derby Hospital. The university also has its School of Nursing and Midwifery there, having moved from its former home at the London Road Community Hospital in mid-2012. ==Media==

The Derby Telegraph (formerly the Derby Evening Telegraph) is the city's daily newspaper. Crime writer Richard Cox set his first book around his own experience as a Derby Telegraph reporter in the 1970s. The Derby Trader was a free weekly newspaper that is no longer in print. BBC Radio Derby, the BBC's local station for Derbyshire and East Staffordshire, is based on St Helen's Street in the city and offers local, national and international news, features, music and sports commentaries. It is available on 104.5 FM and 1116 AM, on 95.3 FM in north and mid-Derbyshire and on 96.0 FM in the Buxton area, as well as being streamed on the internet. The BBC in Derby have their own local website for the area providing news, travel and weather information, as well as other features. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East Midlands and ITV Central. The city's television signals are received from the Waltham TV transmitter. Capital Midlands (previously Capital East Midlands and Ram FM) is the biggest commercial radio station in the city, broadcasting to Derby on 102.8 FM from the transmitter at Drum Hill, just outside the city. It broadcasts a Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) format, with Top 40 chart hits aimed at the city's under-35s. ==Notable people==

Arts, literature and music • Samuel Richardson (1689–1761), writer and printer • William John Coffee (1774–1846), artist and sculptor, worked in porcelain, plaster, and terracotta • Joseph Wright of Derby (1734–1797), landscape and portrait painter • John Raphael Smith (1751–1812), painter and mezzotint engraver, son of Thomas Smith • William Billingsley (1758–1828), painter of porcelain, founded Nantgarw Pottery • John Emes (1762–1810), engraver and water-colour painter • Elizabeth Bridget Pigot (1783–1866), correspondent, friend and biographic source for Lord Byron • Henry Lark Pratt (1805–1873), painter who trained in the porcelain industry • John Haslem (1808–1884), china and enamel painter • Henry Britton (1843–1938), journalist in colonial Australia • Francis William Davenport (1847–1925), composer and music professor, born in Wilderslowe • Charles Rann Kennedy (1871–1950), Anglo-American dramatist • Ernest Townsend (1880–1944), portrait artist • Marion Adnams (1898–1995), painter, printmaker, and draughtswoman. • Ralph Downes (1904–1993), organist, designer of the organ in the Royal Festival Hall, London • Norah, Lady Docker (1906–1983), socialite, was said to be "gracelessly gaudy" • Ronald Binge (1910–1979), composer and arranger of light music • Eric Malpass (1910–1996), novelist, wrote humorous and witty descriptions of rural family life • Denny Dennis (1913–1993), romantic vocalist when British dance bands were at the peak of their popularity • John Dexter (1925–1990), theatre, opera and film director • Michael Rayner (1932–2015), opera singer, baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company • Richard Turner (born 1940), also known as Turneramon, an artist and poet • Anton Rippon (born 1944), journalist, author and publisher • Kevin Coyne (1944–2004), musician, film-maker and writer • Stephen Marley (born 1946), author and video game designer of the Chia Black Dragon series • Peter Hammill (born 1948), singer-songwriter and founder of rock band Van der Graaf Generator • Stephen Layton (born 1966), choral conductor, founded the choir Polyphony in 1986 • Jyoti Mishra (born 1966), sole member of White Town, the name of which was meant as a reference to Derby's perceived lack of diversity • Liam Sharp (born 1968), comic book artist, writer, publisher, and co-founder/CCO of Madefire Inc. • Graham Coxon (born 1969), musician and co-founder of Blur, lived for a short time as a child in nearby Spondon • Scott Harrison (born 1973), novelist, scriptwriter, playwright and film historian • Corey Mwamba (born 1976), jazz musician and BBC Radio 3 presenter • Steven Grahl (born 1979), organist and conductor, Director of Music at Trinity College, Cambridge • Duncan Lloyd (born c. 1980), guitarist and singer • Jessica Garlick (born 1981), singer, was born in Derby • Lucy Ward (born 1989), folk musician and songwriter • Youngman (born c. 1990), MC and vocalist • Dubzy (born 1991), grime music MC and entrepreneur, raised in Derby • Drumsound & Bassline Smith (formed 1998), electronic group • Kelli Young (born 1982), singer of Liberty X fame Films, theatre, TV and radio • Rowena Cade (1893–1983), born in Spondon, created the Minack Theatre, Cornwall • Ted Moult (1926–1986), farmer, radio and TV personality • Patricia Greene (born 1931), radio actress, long-standing role as matriarch Jill Archer in The Archers • Alan Bates (1934–2003), actor; in 1969 he co-starred in the Ken Russell film Women in Love • Michael Knowles (born 1937), actor, played Capt. Jonathan Ashwood in the 1970s sitcom ''It Ain't Half Hot Mum'' • Gwen Taylor (born 1939), actress, played Amy Pearce in the sitcom Duty Free • Judith Hann (born 1942), presented BBC's ''Tomorrow's World'' between 1974 and 1994 • Kevin Lloyd (1949–1998), actor, played DC Alfred "Tosh" Lines in The Bill • John Tams (born 1949), actor, singer, songwriter, composer and musician • Stuart Varney (born 1949), economic journalist for Fox News Channel • Richard Felix (born 1949), paranormal investigator from Stanley, appeared on Sky Living Most Haunted series • Terry Lloyd (1952–2003), TV journalist unlawfully killed in Iraq by US Marines • Maxwell Caulfield (born 1959), English-American film, stage, and television actor, based in the USA • Keiran Lee (born 1984), pornographic film actor, director and producer for Brazzers • Selina Mosinski (born 1981), actress who starred in Charity Shop Sue • Michael Socha (born 1987), actor, roles in the films This Is England and Summer • Jack O'Connell (born 1990), Bafta-winning actor, starred in Unbroken, SAS Rogue Heroes and ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' • Lauren Socha (born 1990), actor, played Kelly Bailey in E4's television series Misfits • James Burrows (born 1991), actor, played Ali Neeson in ITV's soap opera Coronation Street • Munya Chawawa (born 1993), British-Zimbabwean comedian born in Derby • Ewan Mitchell, actor, known for playing Osferth in The Last Kingdom and Prince Aemond Targaryen in the HBO fantasy series House of the Dragon Academics, science, business and engineering • John Flamsteed (1646–1719), astronomer, the first Astronomer Royal; he catalogued over 3000 stars • George Sorocold (c. 1668 – c. 1738), engineer and architect; designed Lombe's Mill • John Lombe (1693–1722), silk spinner in 18th-century Derby; created Lombe's Mill • John Whitehurst (1713–1788), clockmaker and scientist; early contributions to geology, member of the Lunar Society • William Hutton (1723–1815), historian, poet and bookseller • Jedediah Strutt (1726–1797), hosier and cotton spinner, developed the production of ribbed stockings • Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), physician and philosopher • Henry Cavendish (1731–1810), scientist, experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist; discovered hydrogen • Joseph Pickford (1734–1782), stonemason, Palladian and Georgian architect • John Mawe (1764–1829), practical mineralogist, with his wife Sarah Mawe • James Fox (1780–1830), engineer, machine tool maker • Edward Blore (1787–1879), landscape and architectural artist, architect and antiquary • William George Spencer (1790–1866), schoolmaster, tutor and mathematical writer; Derby Philosophical Society • Andrew Handyside (1806–1887), iron founder, created The Handyside Postbox • Sir Charles Fox (1810–1874), civil engineer and contractor, focusing on railways, railway stations and bridges • Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), pioneer of modern nursing • Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and classical liberal political theorist • Parkin Jeffcock (1829–1866), mining engineer; died trying to rescue miners • Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney (1843–1920), astronomer, chemist, photographer; described the Abney effect • Sir Henry Royce (1863–1933), co-founder of Rolls-Royce • Gordon Pask (1928–1996), author, inventor, educational theorist, cybernetician and psychologist • Sir Nigel Rudd (born 1946), industrialist; founded Williams Holdings • John Loughhead (born 1948), businessman, Chief Scientific Adviser to BEIS • John Smith (born 1957), chief executive officer of BBC Worldwide • Melvyn Morris (born c. 1957), businessman; former owner of Derby County F.C., made his money from Candy Crush Saga • Karl Slym (1962–2014), businessman, managing director of Tata Motors 2012–2014 • Christopher Jackson (born 1977), scientist, broadcaster and professor of geology at Imperial College London • Edith Bryan (1872–1963), teacher and activist for the deaf Politics, religion and law • Jasvinder Sanghera (1965), author, and campaigner • Joan Waste (1534–1556), a blind woman who was burned in Derby for refusing to renounce her Protestant faith • John Cotton (1585–1652), English and American Puritan divine, sometimes called "The Patriarch of New England" • Samuel Bourn the Elder (1648–1719), dissenting minister; his theology was Calvinistic • Thomas Bott (1688–1754), cleric of the Church of England, known as a controversialist • Daniel Coke (1745–1825), barrister and MP for Derby 1776–1780 and Nottingham 1780–1812 • Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens (1753–1839), diplomat, eponym of Mount St. Helens • Sir Charles John Crompton (1797–1865), justice of the queen's bench • William Mundy (1801–1877), son of Francis Mundy, MP for South Derbyshire and High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1844 • Samuel Plimsoll (1825–98), politician, Liberal MP for Derby, inventor of the Plimsoll line • Sir Henry Wilmot (1831–1901), Victoria Cross recipient, MP for South Derbyshire 1869–1885 • Robert Humpston (1832–1884), recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry during the Crimean War • Walter Weston (1860–1940), clergyman and Anglican missionary, popularized mountaineering in Japan • Alice Wheeldon (1866–1919), pacifist and anti-war campaigner • Jacob Rivers (1881–1915), recipient of the Victoria Cross for action in World War I • Alfred Waterson (1880–1964), Labour and Co-operative MP for Kettering 1918–1922 • Brigadier Charles Hudson (1892–1959), British Army Victoria Cross recipient • Freda Bedi (1911–1977), social worker, writer and Gelongma, ordained in Tibetan Buddhism • Geoffrey Lane, Baron Lane (1918–2005), judge who served as Lord Chief Justice 1980–1992 • Chris Moncrieff (1931–2019), parliamentary journalist, political editor of the Press Association 1980–1994 • Dame Margaret Beckett (born 1943), Labour politician, MP for Derby South since 1983 • Dafydd Wigley (born 1943), Plaid Cymru MP for Caernarfon 1974–2001 • Bob Laxton (born 1944), Labour politician, MP for Derby North 1997–2010 • Geoff Hoon (born 1953), Labour politician, MP for Ashfield 1992–2010 • Helen Clark (born 1954), Labour politician, MP for Peterborough 1997–2005 • Chris Williamson (born 1956), Labour politician, MP for Derby North 2010–2015 and 2017–2019 Sports • Tom Johnson (c. 1750–1797), bare-knuckle fighter • George Malcolm Fox (1843–1918), Inspector of Gymnasia for the British Army (1890–1897, 1900–1902) • Steve Bloomer (1874–1938), footballer and manager, played for Derby County and Middlesbrough, 598 pro appearances • Harold Brittan (1894–1964), footballer and manager • Oliver Burton (1879–1929), professional footballer who played for Tottenham Hotspur. • Reg Parnell (1911–1964), racing driver and team manager • Louis Martin (1936–2015), weightlifter, Olympic silver medallist, 1964 • Mark Hateley (born 1961), former footballer who played as a centre forward • Sir Dave Brailsford (born 1964), cycling administrator, currently with Team Ineos • Max Sciandri (born 1967), professional cyclist and Olympic medallist • Rufus Brevett (born 1969), footballer with nearly 600 professional appearances • Steve Holland (born 1970), former professional footballer, coach for Crewe Alexandra and Chelsea • Colin Osborne (born 1975), PDC darts player • Donna Kellogg (born 1978), badminton player, competed in the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics • Russell Sexton (born 1978), former English cricketer • Chris Riggott (born 1980), footballer, over 200 pro appearances • Steve Elliott (footballer, born 1978), over 500 professional appearances • Bobby Hassell (born 1980), footballer, over 380 pro appearances • Damien Walters (born 1982), stuntman, gymnast and free runner • Kevin Hollis (born 1983), cricketer • Chris Palmer (born 1983), footballer, over 230 pro appearances • Hemish Ilangaratne (born 1987), cricketer • Melissa Reid (born 1987), golfer • Jonathan Joseph (born 1991), England international professional rugby union player • Jamaal Lascelles (born 1993), footballer, captain of Newcastle United • Sandy Ryan (born 1993), professional boxer • Ben Osborn (born 1994), footballer • Sarah Vasey (born 1996), swimmer, 50 metre breaststroke gold medallist at the 2018 Commonwealth Games • Jay Clarke (born 1998), tennis player • Markus Poom (born 1999), Estonian international footballer, born in Derby. ==International relations==

Osnabrück partnership treaty Derby is twinned with Osnabrück in Germany. The partnership treaty between the two cities was signed on 17 February 1976. The twinning agreement with Derby was in the historical Hall of Peace in Osnabrück's Rathaus (town hall). Every year, Derby and Osnabrück each appoint an envoy who spends twelve months in the twin city. The envoy promotes the exchange of ideas between the two cities and acts as an educational and information officer to increase awareness of the twinning scheme. The envoy gives talks to local societies and schools, finds pen friends and short-term host families during work placements, works to assist groups who want to get involved in twinning by identifying and approaching possible counterparts and plans the annual May Week trip. There is an annual exchange between the wind bands of John Port Spencer Academy, Etwall, and its twin school Gymnasium Melle in Melle, Germany, District of Osnabrücker Land. An exchange was established in 2009 between Allestree Woodlands School and the Gymnasium Angelaschule in Osnabrück. This exchange was originally based on a drama project by both schools in June 2009, which included performances in both cities with over 1600 visitors. It is now a language and culture exchange between the two schools, run by the German department at Allestree Woodlands School. The exchange of envoys between two cities is very unusual. The envoy in Osnabrück changes every year and Osnabrück also sends envoys to Derby, Angers and Çanakkale. No other city in Germany participates in this exchange of envoys, and in Britain, only one other town, Wigan, receives and sends an envoy. List of twin towns • Osnabrück, Germany • Kapurthala, India (friendship link) • Haarlem, Netherlands (friendship link) • Foncquevillers, France (friendship link) • Toyota City, Japan • Changzhi, People's Republic of China (Memorandum of Understanding) • Keene, New Hampshire, (Keene State College student exchange programme) • Hebron, Palestine (2014) ==Freedom of the City==

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Derby. Individuals • Brian Howard Clough: 3 May 2003. • Adam George Peaty: 9 October 2016. • Reginald Frederick Harrison : 5 February 2019. • Sandy Ryan : 25 March 2024. • Stephen "Steve" Kirk: 15 April 2024. Military units • The Royal Naval Submarine Service: 28 April 2002. • The Mercian Regiment: 2007. ==Notes==