1992–2004: The Neptunes and N.E.R.D. In the early 1990s, Williams formed a hip-hop group named Surrounded by Idiots with
Chad Hugo, Magoo, and cousin
Timbaland; they disbanded before making any records. He then formed a four-piece "R&B-type" group,
the Neptunes, with Hugo and friends
Shay Haley and Mike Etheridge. They entered a high school talent show, where they were discovered by producer
Teddy Riley, whose studio was next to the school. The Neptunes produced
Mystikal's single "
Shake Ya Ass" (2000),
Jay-Z's single "
I Just Wanna Love U (Give It 2 Me)" (2000), and
Nelly's single "
Hot in Herre" (2002). In 2001,
N.E.R.D., a band composed of Williams, Hugo, and Haley, released their debut album
In Search of.... Williams and Hugo signed Clipse to
Arista Records through Williams's
Star Trak Entertainment imprint in 2001. The Neptunes produced songs on singer
Babyface's 2001 album,
Face2Face, including its lead single "
There She Goes". In 2002, Clipse released their debut album, ''
Lord Willin''', produced entirely by the Neptunes. That year, the Neptunes produced numerous songs on
Justin Timberlake's debut album
Justified, including the singles "
Señorita", "
Like I Love You", and "
Rock Your Body". According to an unnamed August 2003 survey cited by
The Age, it was found the Neptunes produced almost 20% of songs played on British radio at the time; another survey in the U.S. found they'd produced 43% of radio songs.
2005–2009: In My Mind and collaborations The Neptunes produced
Gwen Stefani's single "
Hollaback Girl", which entered the
Billboard Hot 100 at number 82 on the issue dated April 2, 2005, and topped the chart within six weeks of its release. In 2006, Williams released his debut solo album,
In My Mind. It debuted at number 3 on the U.S.
Billboard 200. The Neptunes produced Clipse's second album,
Hell Hath No Fury. The Neptunes produced several songs on Stefani's second album,
The Sweet Escape (2006), including the promotional single, "
Yummy", which features Williams. In December 2006, Williams was announced as a performer at
Concert for Diana in
Wembley Stadium, London on July 1, 2007. In 2007, the Neptunes produced on
Jay-Z's tenth studio album,
American Gangster. Williams worked with
Madonna for her eleventh studio album,
Hard Candy (2008). In June 2008, an article in
NME revealed that Williams was interested in producing the next album of American rock band
the Strokes. Later that year, Williams worked on a remix album for
Maroon 5, titled
Call and Response: The Remix Album. N.E.R.D. released their third studio album,
Seeing Sounds, in 2008. Williams worked with
Shakira on her songs "
Did It Again", "Why Wait", "
Good Stuff", and "Long Time" for her sixth studio album,
She Wolf (2009). The following month, Williams made a guest appearance on French singer
Uffie's debut album, which was released in early 2010. The Neptunes produced numerous songs on Clipse's third album,
Til the Casket Drops (2009).
2010–2014: Despicable Me, Despicable Me 2 and solo international success and
Tyler, the Creator performing together in April 2011 In 2010, Williams worked on the music score for the animated film
Despicable Me with composers
Hans Zimmer and
Heitor Pereira. In 2010, N.E.R.D. released their fourth studio album,
Nothing, through Star Trak. In late 2011, Williams worked on three tracks for
Mike Posner's second album,
Sky High. In 2012, Williams composed and produced the music for the
84th Academy Awards alongside Hans Zimmer. In 2013, Williams collaborated with French electronic duo
Daft Punk on the songs "
Get Lucky" and "
Lose Yourself to Dance", both included on Daft Punk's fourth studio album,
Random Access Memories. "Get Lucky" peaked at number one on the
UK Singles Chart and number two on the U.S.
Billboard 200. In 2013, Williams collaborated with
Azealia Banks with the song "
ATM Jam". The song was initially intended for Banks's debut studio album,
Broke with Expensive Taste (2014), but was later removed from the album after Banks blamed Williams for the song's poor commercial performance. Williams penned three new original songs, included alongside composer
Heitor Pereira's score, for the film
Despicable Me 2 (2013). These were "
Just a Cloud Away", "
Happy", and "Scream" (featuring
CeeLo Green). His two original songs from the first film, "Despicable Me" and "Fun, Fun, Fun", were also reprised on the
Despicable Me 2 soundtrack. He also participated in the drummer sessions of the
soundtrack of
Man of Steel by Hans Zimmer. In March 2013,
Robin Thicke's single "
Blurred Lines", written and produced by Williams, was released. The song peaked at number one in multiple countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. In mid-2013, Williams was involved in two songs that sold a million copies in the UK: "Get Lucky" and "Blurred Lines". In August 2013,
Busta Rhymes talked about an unreleased "documentary album" by Williams where he talks about "inner-city strife and hardship". In November 2013, Williams released the
music video for "Happy"; guest appearances included
Magic Johnson,
Steve Carell,
Jimmy Kimmel,
Odd Future, among others. The video was billed by Williams as the "first 24-hour music video".On November 1, 2013, Williams performed with a gospel choir at
Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in
Charleston, South Carolina, where
nine black parishioners were shot and killed on June 17, 2015. It was announced in December 2013 that Williams had been nominated for seven Grammy Awards, including
Producer of the Year. In the same month, Williams signed a contract with
Columbia Records, and announced an album set for release in 2014 that would feature "Happy". For "Happy", Williams was nominated for the
Academy Award for Best Original Song. In February 2014,
Major Lazer announced they would be releasing a five-track EP titled
Apocalypse Soon on the 25th of that month. The EP, released via
Mad Decent and
Secretly Canadian, features Williams and
Sean Paul, among others. Williams contributed a verse to
Future's February 2014 single "
Move That Dope", which also featured
Pusha T and Casino over production from
Mike Will Made It. On February 18, 2014, Williams announced via Twitter that his second album,
Girl, would be released on March 3, 2014. The album was supported by a European concert tour,
Dear Girl Tour. At the
86th Academy Awards on March 2, 2014, Williams's song "Happy" lost to "
Let It Go" from
Frozen. Afterwards, when
GQ magazine asked Williams "how badly" did he want the Oscar, he responded: "When they read the results, my face was...frozen. But then I thought about it, and I just decided just to...let it go". At the Oscar Awards that same year, he wore a controversial outfit consisting of a tuxedo with shorts. In May 2014, Williams received an Innovator Award at the
iHeartRadio Music Awards. in
Japan, 2015
2014–present: The Voice, Something in the Water and other ventures In March 2014, it was announced that
Comme des Garçons would be releasing a unisex fragrance with Williams, named after his album
Girl. On March 31, 2014, Williams was announced as a new coach for the
seventh season of
The Voice, replacing
CeeLo Green. In June 2014, it was announced that Williams would make a guest appearance on the docu-series
Sisterhood of Hip Hop. Williams co-composed the score for
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) with
Hans Zimmer,
Johnny Marr,
Michael Einziger, and
David A. Stewart. Williams was the executive producer of Atlanta rapper
T.I.'s ninth studio album,
Paperwork, which was released on October 21, 2014, by
Grand Hustle and
Columbia Records. In May 2014, Williams curated an art show named after his album,
Girl, at the
Galerie Perrotin in Paris, France. The show included artists
Takashi Murakami,
JR,
Daniel Arsham, and
Marina Abramović, among others. Williams collaborated with Gwen Stefani with the song "
Shine" for the animated film
Paddington (2014). In January 2015, Williams was announced as the musical director for a 7-continent
Live Earth concert on June 18, 2015, to raise awareness about and pressure governments to act on climate change. On February 8, 2015, Williams made a cameo in an episode of
The Simpsons entitled "
Walking Big & Tall" where he comes to
Springfield to write a new anthem for the town. Williams recorded three songs for the soundtrack to the 2015 animated film
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water. On May 18, 2015, Team Pharrell had 16-year-old
Sawyer Fredericks win the
eighth season of
The Voice. At the
2015 Grammy Awards, Williams performed an orchestral rendition of "Happy" with Hans Zimmer and pianist
Lang Lang that included a tribute to the
Black Lives Matter movement, inspired by
Eric Garner's death and the
Ferguson unrest. In 2015, a unanimous jury determined that "
Blurred Lines", which Williams co-wrote and produced, was an infringement of the 1977
Marvin Gaye song "
Got to Give It Up". The jury awarded the Gaye family $7.4 million in damages for the copyright infringement based on profits generated. He gave the 2017 commencement address at the university and received an honorary
Doctor of Fine Arts degree on May 17, 2017. In 2018, Williams worked with
Ariana Grande for her fourth studio album,
Sweetener (2018). He produced several songs on the album, and is featured on the song "Blazed". in
Hamburg, July 2017 In March 2019, Williams and the city of
Virginia Beach announced the launch of a three-day music and cultural festival titled
Something in the Water, to be held during College Beach Weekend, April 26–28, on the Virginia Beach Oceanfront. The festival lineup included
Travis Scott,
Migos,
Janelle Monáe,
SZA,
Rosalía,
Anderson .Paak,
Jhené Aiko,
Mac DeMarco,
Maggie Rogers,
Lil Uzi Vert,
Missy Elliott,
Pusha T,
Dave Matthews Band, and
DRAM. The first day of the festival was cancelled due to severe storms. The "Pharrell and Friends" set that closed the festival's second day, featured Williams and a lineup of guests, including
Jay-Z,
Diddy,
Busta Rhymes,
Usher,
Snoop Dogg, Missy Elliott,
Timbaland,
Charlie Wilson, and
Tyler, the Creator. The festival's final day featured
Trey Songz,
Chris Brown,
Lil Duval, and members of
SWV and
Blackstreet. Williams produced five songs for
Walt Disney Pictures's
The Lion King (2019), marking his third collaboration with composer
Hans Zimmer. In October 2019, Williams stated that he regretted the 2013 song "
Blurred Lines", which received intense backlash for its apparent sexist themes. A film loosely based on Williams's life,
Golden was filmed by
Michel Gondry and set for release on May 9, 2025. However, the film was canceled by
Universal in February 2025 prior to the film entering post-production due to a disagreement with Williams and other producers. The film is permanently shelved and will not be offered to other studios. He executively produced Clipse's fourth album
Let God Sort Em Out, which released on July 11, 2025, and also appeared on the album as a guest. Williams appears as a feature on track 1 of Tyler, The Creator's 2025 album ''
Don't Tap the Glass'', titled "Big Poe" and is credited as Sk8brd, his rap name he briefly used in 2011. On December 17, 2025, it was announced that Williams would receive the
Dr. Dre Global Impact Award at the fourth annual Recording Academy Honours on January 29, 2026, presented by
The Recording Academy's Black Collective. The event takes place during the week of
68th Annual Grammy Awards. ==Artistry==