Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)

Every awarded carries at least one citation for gallantry or courage to a member of any rank of the French military or of an allied army. Ribbon devices indicate the importance or degree of the soldier's role during the action cited. The lowest degree is represented by a bronze star and the highest degree is represented by a bronze palm. The cross is only awarded once and subsequent actions worthy of citations will be limited to additional ribbon devices on the originally received insignia. The number of ribbon devices on a is not limited, some awards, especially to ace fighter pilots, had extremely long ribbons with dozens of stars and palms. The 1914-1918 was attributed to: • French and allied soldiers individually cited for a wartime act of gallantry; • Civilians and militarized personnel individually cited for a wartime act of gallantry; • Automatically to soldiers and civilians not specifically cited for a but awarded the Légion d'honneur or Médaille militaire for the highest acts of wartime valour and gazetted in the Official Journal of the French Republic; • Collectively, to army units, ships or air squadrons; • To cities and villages, martyrs of war, destroyed, ravaged or bombed by the enemy (2952 towns received the 1914–1918, in this case, always awarded with palm). Soldiers who were/are members of units recognized by a collective unit award of the may wear the Fourragère of the 1914-1918 as long as they remain members of that unit. Soldiers who actively took part as members of units during repeated feats of arms recognized by more than one collective award of the may continue to wear the fourragère even after leaving the meritorious unit. Battle streamers in the colours of the 1914-1918 are affixed to the colours of recipient units. == Award description ==

The cross was designed by the sculptor Paul-Albert Bartholomé. It is 37 mm wide, Florentine bronze cross pattée, with two crossed swords pointing up between the arms. The obverse centre medallion bears the relief image of the French Republic in the form of the bust of a young woman wearing a Phrygian cap surrounded by the circular relief inscription RÉPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE (FRENCH REPUBLIC). Not knowing how long the war would last, the reverse centre medallion bears the dates 1914–1915, 1914–1916, 1914–1917 and finally 1914–1918. or brigade level. • Silver star (étoile d'argent): for those who were cited at the division level. • Silver gilt star (étoile vermeil): for those who were cited at the corps level. • Bronze palm (palme de bronze): for those who were cited at the army level. • Silver palm (palme d'argent): could be worn in lieu of five bronze palms. Award Ribbons File:Croix de Guerre étoile de bronze rubon.svg| File:Croix de Guerre étoile d'argent ruban.svg| File:Croix de Guerre étoile d'or ruban.svg| File:Croix de Guerre palme de bronze ruban.svg| File:Croix de Guerre palme d'argent ruban.svg| == Notable French recipients (partial list) ==

, a recipient of the 1914-18 with 29 citations , a recipient of the 1914-18 with 26 citations , a foreign recipient of the 1914-18 with palm , a foreign recipient of the 1914-18 with palm and gilt star • General Charles de Gaulle (1 citation) • Fighter ace lieutenant Charles Nungesser (30 citations) • Fighter ace captain Georges Guynemer (26 citations) • General Edgard de Larminat (4 citations) • General Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert (7 citations) • Colonel Théophile Marie Brébant (4 citations) • General Jean Vallette d'Osia (6 citations) • General Raoul Salan (1 citation) • Fighter ace colonel René Fonck (29 citations) • General Marie-Pierre Kœnig (2 citations) • General Raoul Magrin-Vernerey (11 citations) • Fighter ace lieutenant-colonel Charles Nuville (10 citations) • Fighter ace captain Georges Madon (10 citations) • Marshal Joseph Joffre (1 citation) • General Robert Nivelle (3 citations) • Private Albert Severin Roche (12 citations) == Notable foreign recipients (partial list) ==

• Colonel Araki Sadao • Brigadier General John William Barker • Fighter ace Air Marshal William Avery "Billy" Bishop • Field Marshal Petar Bojović • Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton • Lieutenant Stanley Bruce • Major General Charles Budworth • Corporal Eugene Bullard, French Air Force • Fighter ace Captain Vernon Castle • Carrier Pigeon Cher Ami, Lost Battalion (World War I) • Fighter ace Air Vice Marshal Raymond Collishaw • General Sir Arthur William Currie • Fighter ace Major Roderic Dallas • Private Herman Davis • Brigadier General Edward Terence Donnelly • Brigadier General Lucius Loyd Durfee • Field Marshal John French, 1st Earl of Ypres • Colonel Fukuda Hikosuke • Director General Stephen Galatti, American Field Service • Lieutenant William F. Howe • Brigadier General Evan M. Johnson • Sergeant Henry Johnson • Fighter ace Captain Robert A. Little • General Douglas MacArthur • Lieutenant , Royal Italian Army • General George C. Marshall • Fighter ace Major James McCudden • Corporal Harry Miner • Field Marshal Živojin Mišić • General John Monash • Lieutenant Colonel "Mad" Harry Murray • Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Rodney Park • General Sir Archibald Paris • General George S. Patton • Captain Eddie Rickenbacker • Private Needham Roberts • Lieutenant Quentin Roosevelt • Sergeant Milunka Savić • Lieutenant Colonel Clarence O. Sherrill • General Phraya Thephatsadin • Philanthropist Julia Hunt Catlin Park DePew Taufflieb • Lieutenant Stephen W. Thompson, Lafayette Escadrille • Sergeant Alvin C. York • Lieutenant Colonel John Creagh Scott United Kingdom == French recipient units (partial list) ==

• 1st Infantry Regiment • 54th Infantry Regiment • 126th Infantry Regiment • 2nd Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa • 1st Cuirassier Regiment • 12th Cuirassier Regiment • 6th Dragoon Regiment • 9th Hussar Regiment • 1st Artillery Regiment • 2nd Dragoon Regiment • 1st Moroccan Division • French battleship Bouvet • French battleship Gaulois • French submarine Bernouilli • Lafayette Escadrille == Allied recipient units (partial list) ==

• Portuguese Expeditionary Corps 15th Infantry Battalion • 5th Battery R.F.A. • 5th Field Artillery Regiment • 3rd Infantry Division • 4th Infantry Division • 16th Infantry Division • 26th Infantry Division • 32nd Infantry Division :*119th Field Artillery Regiment • 93rd Infantry Division • 16th Infantry Regiment • 18th Infantry Regiment • 26th Infantry Regiment • 39th Infantry Regiment • 39th Infantry Division • 104th Infantry Regiment • 369th Infantry Regiment • 370th Infantry Regiment • 1st Engineer Battalion • 5th Marine Regiment • 6th Marine Regiment == Recipient cities (partial list) ==

• Reims • Paris • Dinant • Montdidier • Calais • Épernay • Lille • Nancy • Amiens == See also ==