In the second half of the 15th century, the
Renaissance began to replace Gothic, and the German-French effect was replaced by the Italian. The changes were also supported by political reasons. The first change of style took place at the seat in
Buda thanks to king
Matthias Corvinus. The Renaissance has spread through nobility and high priests. The Hungarian Renaissance can be divided into three style periods. • Early Renaissance (1460-1541) • Mature Renaissance (1506-1570) • Late Renaissance (between 1570-1690 or 1750) It is typical that local variations have developed and some Renaissance phenomena coexist.
Early Renaissance , completed in the 15th century by Matthias Corvinus. The first Renaissance buildings were
Matthias palaces, the East Wing of
Buda Castle and its courtyard, the
Royal Palace of Visegrád, the villa of
Nyék. Their style followed the Tuscan Renaissance. It was then that the order of the facade (columns with semicircles or straight beams), window and door types, decorative motifs, which had an exemplary effect on later construction sites. Matthias ' architect was the
Chimenti Camicia, born in Florence. In Buda there was a significant stone-carving workshop, where the stonemakers learned Italian motifs and moved on. Matthias' construction was followed immediately by the construction of the
Archbishop of Esztergom (1480-1500),
John of Aragon,
Ippolito d'Este,
Tamás Bakócz, built in
Esztergom,
Miklós Báthori built in
Nógrád (1483) and
Vác (1485-95),
András Báthori in the
castle of Ecséd, Sigismund Ernest Csaktornyai in
Zagreb (current Croatia) (1488) and
Pécs (1498), Bishop László Geréb in the
Gilău (current Romania) (1480–90),
Archbishop of Kalocsa Péter Váradi in the
Bač Fortress (current Serbia) (1490s), Balázs Ráskai in
Csővár,
Pál Kinizsi in
Nagyvázsony. In the second half of the early Renaissance, the new style appeared not only in the
Transdanubia and the major centres, but also in the
Sălaj,
Ciuc Mountains in the current Romania, the
Zemplén County,
Syrmia (current Serbia). Most of the memories follow the traditions of the
Matthias period: tabernacles in
Pest, carvings in
Nyírbátor, fragments in
Pécs, details in the
Castle of Siklós also in the Kátalántalán Street 2 in Pécs, the façade of the number 2, the Papal vault gate passage built in 1515. In
Transylvania, in addition to the Tuscan effect, the
Lombard effect can be detected (the Chapel of Johannes Lazo on the north side of the
Alba Iulia Cathedral (current Romania)).
Mature and late Renaissance of the
Esztergom Cathedral The signs of the mature Renaissance can be seen from 1506, in the construction of the
Bakócz Chapel. The Bakócz chapel is important example of the Hungarian architecture of the 16th century. The carvings of
Joannes Fiorentinus and the tabernacle of Archbishop
George Szatmári in
Pécs represent the same line. After the
fall of the Mohács and the Buda emergency, architecture continued on a very different line. In accordance with the division of the country, three artistic provinces were formed, the form language of which can be distinguished:
Transdanubian,
Upper Hungary and
Transylvania. However, there was still an Italian effect, until 1526 in Tuscan, then in northern Italy, from the 1570-80's
cinquecento had a stronger form language, again having a Tuscan effect, especially in Transylvania, while in Transdanubia they continued to adapt to the Upper Solas. For the time of the late Renaissance, Hungarian character becomes decisive, none of elements that would be purely Italian, despite the fact that many Italian masters worked in the country.
Transdanubian In the
Transdanubia, the traditions of the previous era were the purest. The Italian military engineers have established the Italian Rook system and the
cinquecento forms have appeared. In the second half of the 16th century, the forms of late cinquecento evolved and the late Renaissance also appeared. New types of buildings have been established, such as the rectangular castle type with arcades, such as the destroyed
fortress of Kanizsa by
Pietro Ferrabosco, and the
Castle of Egervár. The memories of the late Renaissance in transdanubia are mainly castles, such as the
Deutschkreutz (current Austria), the dominant form of the -
loggia of the
Firewatch Tower of Sopron, which also appeared on residential houses.
Upper Hungary The distinctive
Upper Hungary style has developed into an upper Italian effect and has an extraordinary variety. The
Castle of Sárospatak can be built at the beginning of the development. The 16th century construction site is located in the Perényi district. In the second half of the century, a lot of construction followed, at first Lombard and later Renaissance forms (
Trenčín castle (current Slovakia), 1540;
Markušovce (current Slovakia), 1567;
Orava Castle (Slovakia), 1561-1611; Town hall of
Banská Bystrica (Slovakia), 1564–65;
Nitra Castle's gate (Slovakia), 1582–87;
Ugruțiu Castle (Romania), 1589;
Bytča Castle (Slovakia), 1571-1605). The late Renaissance ruled in the 17th century, and this was reflected in the building and form of the castles (
Budatín Castle (Slovakia), Beniczky's Castle in
Dolná Mičiná (Slovakia), 1667;
Topoľčianky Castle (Slovakia), 1662; houses in
Levoča and
Prešov (Slovakia)). The architecture of the old
Szepes County and
Sáros County, which was named the "Paris Renaissance", represents a particular colour, and because of its local character, it is easily distinguished from Polish, Austrian and Czech houses. Its most beautiful memories are the
Thurzó's
Betlanovce Castle (Slovakia) (1564), the belfry of
Kežmarok (Slovakia) (1591), the church tower of
Svinia (Slovakia) (1628), the
Emeric Thököly's Castle of
Kežmarok (Slovakia), the Castle of
Fričovce (1623–30) (Slovakia), and several houses of
Levoča and
Prešov (Slovakia).
Transylvania (current Romania) It was here that the Renaissance developed its most peculiar image, which was formed after Italian designs, under the direction of the regal centre. The mecenatura has intensified the building mood. The cinquecento felt its effects between 1530–70, from this period the
Gherla Castle, The
Humanist dwelling house of
Adrianus Wolphard in Cluj-Napoca, the southern wing of Bethlen Castle in
Vințu de Jos, the Palace of
Mănăstirea. From the second half of the 16th century the late Renaissance, which started with castle construction (
Oradea Castle,
Făgăraș Castle,
Șimleu Silvaniei Castle, István Kokas's house in
Cluj-Napoca) is counted. The stone carving of the Cluj-Napoca School was established, which can be monitored for 150 years for orders and operations throughout Transylvania. The architecture of the 17th century coincides with the flower age of Transylvania, huge castle buildings, royal palaces were built, which also served as a model (Váradi pentagonal interior castle,
Medieșu Aurit Castle,
Iernut Castle and
Ineu Castle). In the second half of the 17th century, construction sites of national importance stopped, senior palaces were built instead of castles, like the Bethlen Castle in
Sânmiclăuș, which was based on the own designs of
Miklós Bethlen. At the late of the 17th century the Transylvanian floral Renaissance was founded, which was manifested primarily in decorative design. Most falls in the 18th century, the last appeared in the stone carving work of Dávid Sipos in
Chidea. File:Königsschloß4 - Mátyás Király Múzeum (König-Matthias-Museum), Visegrád.jpg|Royal Palace of Visegrád File:Namestie SNP - panoramio.jpg|Old Town Hall in
Banská Bystrica, now Slovakia File:Levoča (2).jpg|Old Town Hall in
Levoča, now Slovakia File:Levoca 27.jpg|Thurzo House in
Levoča, now Slovakia File:Muzeum - panoramio (2).jpg|Houses on the Main Square in
Prešov, now Slovakia File:RO AB Castelul Bethlen din Sanmiclaus (4).JPG|Bethlen Castle in
Sânmiclăuș, now Romania ==Ottoman-Islamic architecture in Hungary==