Jeep CJ

In 1942, the US Department of Agriculture tested the MB. By 1944, the Allies were confident the war would be won, and wartime production looked to be winding down. This allowed Willys to consider designing a Jeep for the postwar civilian market. Documentation is scarce, but in early 1944, Willys seemed to have found time to start drawing up plans, and one or two prototypes dubbed CJ(-1), for "Civilian Jeep", were running by May of that year. The first CJs had apparently been created by quick modification of the regular military MB, adding a tailgate, lower gearing, a drawbar, and a civilian-style canvas top. The first CJ served as a quick proof-of-concept test, and when a further design evolution materialized, it probably became the CJ-1 by default. They were manufactured until the CJ-2s appeared, and they were the first Jeeps built from the ground up for civilian use. No CJ-1s built have survived, and how many were made is unknown. ==CJ-2==

Although at least 40 were built, the Willys-Overland CJ-2 was not available for retail sale. The CJ-2s, also known as "AgriJeeps", were the second-generation prototypes for the first production civilian Jeep, and were used solely for testing purposes. Although their design was directly based on the military Willys MB, using the same Willys Go Devil engine, they were not only stripped of all military features, particularly the blackout lighting, but also the CJ-2s had many significant differences in body features and construction versus the military Jeep. have survived, although some in very rough condition. CJ2-06 and CJ2-09 have been restored. ==CJ-2A==

The lessons learned with the CJ-2 led to the development of the first full-production CJ, the 1945-1949 Willys-Overland CJ-2A, or Universal Jeep. A trademark for "AGRIJEEP" was granted in December 1944, but was not used. Many of the early CJ-2As were produced using remaining stock of the military jeep components, such as engine blocks, and in a few cases, modified frames. Up to serial no. 13453, the MB-style full-floating rear axle was fitted. Once they were used up, the CJ got a stronger Dana / Spicer model 41. Sometimes the use of MB parts was due to strikes at suppliers, such as Autolite. Since Willys produced few parts in-house and relied heavily on suppliers, it was vulnerable to strikes. Unfortunately for Willys, strikes were common after the war, and this likely contributed to low production totals in 1945 and early 1946. Since the CJ-2A was primarily intended for farming, ranching, and industrial applications, stock CJ-2As only came with a driver seat and driver side mirror, and a wide variety of options was available, such as: front passenger seat, rear seat, center rear-view mirror, canvas top, front power take-off (PTO), rear PTO, belt pulley drive, capstan winch, governor, rear hydraulic lift, snow plow, welder, generator, mower, disc, front bumper weight, heavy-duty springs, dual vacuum windshield wipers (stock CJ-2As were equipped with a manual wiper on the passenger side and a vacuum wiper on the driver side), dual taillights (stock CJ-2As had a taillight on the driver side and a reflector on the passenger side), hot-climate radiator, driveshaft guards, heater, side steps, and radiator brush guard. The CJ-2As were produced in lively color combinations that in some ways symbolized the hope and promise of postwar America. True to their intended purpose, the combinations also resembled those used by the most popular farm equipment manufacturers of the day. From 1945 to mid-1946, CJ-2As were only available in two color combinations: Pasture Green with Autumn Yellow wheels and Harvest Tan with Sunset Red wheels. Additional color combinations added in mid-1946 were: Princeton Black with Harvard Red or Sunset Red wheels, Michigan Yellow with Pasture Green, Sunset Red or Americar Black wheels, Normandy Blue with Autumn Yellow or Sunset Red wheels, and Harvard Red with Autumn Yellow or Americar Black wheels. The Pasture Green and Harvest Tan combinations were dropped later in 1946. The Harvard Red combinations were dropped in 1947 and replaced with Picket Gray with Harvard Red wheels, and Luzon Red with Universal Beige wheels. In 1948, these color combinations were also added: Emerald Green with Universal Beige wheels, Potomac Gray with Harvard Red or American Black wheels. For 1949, the Picket Gray, Michigan Yellow, and Normandy Blue combinations were dropped. Olive drab was also available for export models. On early CJ-2As, the front seats were covered in olive-drab vinyl. Around mid-1947, Slate Gray vinyl became available for certain color combinations. Later, Barcelona Red was added to the mix. A total of 214,760 CJ-2As were produced. Because of the use of military production parts on the earliest CJ-2As, and the many changes made during their early production, restorers and collectors refer to CJ-2As up to around serial no. 34,530 as "Very Early Civilian" and from mid-1946 to about mid-1947 as "Early Civilian". Only minor changes were made after the mid-1947 models. ==CJ-3A==

The Willys-Overland CJ-3A was introduced in 1949, and was in production until 1953, when replaced by the CJ-3B. It was powered by Willys' L-134 Go-Devil four-cylinder engine, with a T-90 transmission and Dana 18 transfer case, a Dana 25 front axle, and Dana 41 or 44 rear axle. It featured a one-piece windshield with a vent and wipers at the bottom. The CJ-3A had beefed-up suspension (10 leaf) to accommodate the various agricultural implements that were being built for the vehicle. Another difference was a shorter rear wheelwell (the wheelwell from the top front edge to the rear of the body is on the 3A compared to on the 2A) and moving the driver's seat rearward. As of 1951, a Farm Jeep and a Jeep Tractor version were offered; the latter was very bare-bones, for field use only, and featured a power takeoff. In total, 131,843 CJ-3As were produced before the series ended in 1953. About 550 of the CJ3-As were assembled by Mitsubishi as the J1/J2 in late 1952 and early 1953, exclusively for the Japanese police and forestry agency. The CJ-3A-derived military jeep was the Willys MC (or M38), and it began complementing the Ford and Willys World War II jeeps starting in 1949. The CJ-3A, along with the later CJ-3B and CJ-5 models, was used as a platform for early Zamboni ice resurfacers produced from 1950 until 1964, which were mounted on top of Jeeps to clean and smooth the surface of ice rinks. Zamboni resurfacer models produced from 1964 onwards have since been constructed using original chassis designs, eliminating the need to source Jeep parts. ==CJ-4==

The Willys-Overland CJ-4 or "X-151" was only built as an experimental concept in 1950 or 1951. It used the new Willys Hurricane engine and had an wheelbase. The CJ-4 body tub was an intermediate design between the straightforward raised hood of the CJ-3B and the all-new curved body style of the CJ-5. The design was rejected, and the vehicle was eventually sold to a factory employee. Evidence has surfaced that derived prototypes called CJ-4M and CJ-4MA (XM170) have also been seriously considered, as precursors to the 1951 M38A1 and M170 military Jeeps. Although the CJ-4M prototype may not have been actually built, the stretched wheelbase ambulance prototype with registration "CJ-4MA-01" turned up in 2005. ==CJ-3B==

The Willys CJ-3B replaced the CJ-3A in 1953, the same year Willys-Overland was bought by Kaiser Motors. The Kaiser parent company removed "Overland" from the Willys Motors subcompany name. The CJ-3B introduced a higher grille and hood to clear the new Willys Hurricane engine. A four-speed manual transmission became optional in 1963, at an extra cost of $194 (~$ in ). Until 1968, about 196,000 CJ-3Bs were produced, of which 155,494 were assembled in the U.S. The CJ-3B was turned into the M606 military jeep (mostly used for export, through 1968) by equipping it with commercially available heavy-duty options, such as larger tires and springs, and by adding blackout lighting, olive drab paint, and a trailer hitch. Shipments of the M606 militarized version of the Jeep CJ-3B, exported for military aid under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program, accounted for a substantial percentage of the limited CJ-3B production in the 1960s. Mahindra's "Mahindra CJ" was produced in two versions: four-seater CJ 340 and six-seater CJ 540. Both were equipped with Peugeot-sourced engines. File:1963 Türk Willys CJ-3B.jpg|A 1963 Türk Willys Overland CJ-3B on display at the Rahmi M. Koç Museum of Transportation, Istanbul File:Mahindra CL 550 MDI @ Changanasseri.jpg|Mahindra's Major, the last jeep made by Mahindra based on Jeep CJ-3B. File:Cj 6 restaurado en Extremadura.jpg|VIASA in Spain built their model 'MB-CJ6' – a stretched CJ-3B with an MB 'Go-Devil' engine. Mitsubishi Jeep The Jeep was introduced to the Japanese market as the Jeep J3 in July 1953 after Willys agreed to allow Mitsubishi to market the car, competing with the Nissan Patrol and the Toyota Land Cruiser. The name wasn't in reference to "CJ3", but rather denoted the fact that 53 "J1"s (CJ-3A with 6-volt electrics) had been built for the Japanese regional forest office and around 500 "J2"s (CJ-3A with 12-volt electrics) were built for the National Safety Forces. Short, medium, and long wheelbases were available, as well as a variety of bodystyles, and gasoline and diesel engines. In Japan, it was sold at a specific retail chain called Galant Shop. The Japanese GSDF refers to them as Type 73 light truck. The original J3 was a basic, doorless, and roofless version, with steering on the left, rather than the right, despite Japan having left-side traffic. The first right-hand drive versions did not appear until nearly eight years later (J3R/J11R). The original J3 and its derivatives were equipped with the F-head "Hurricane" (called JH4 by Mitsubishi, for Japanese Hurricane 4-cylinder) inline four-cylinder, originally producing at 4,000 rpm. In 1955, a slightly longer wheelbase J10 which could seat six was added, and in 1956, the J11 appeared, a two-door "delivery wagon" with a full metal body. This was considerably longer, at versus for the J3. Local production of the JH4 engine commenced in 1955. A locally developed diesel version (KE31) was introduced for the JC3 in 1958, originally with at 3,500 rpm but with at 3,600 rpm a few years later. The last iteration of the Japanese Jeeps was the J53 with diesel turbo engine. ==CJ-5==

The Willys CJ-5 (after 1964 Jeep CJ-5) was influenced by the new corporate owner, Kaiser, and the Korean War M38A1 Jeep. It was intended to replace the CJ-3B, but that model continued in production. The CJ-5 repeated this pattern, continuing in production for three decades while three newer models appeared. "The CJ-5 has the distinct honor of being a vehicle that was hard to kill off... equaling the longest production run of note." From 1961 until 1965, optional for the CJ-5 and CJ-6 was the British-made Perkins Diesel I4 with at 3,000 rpm and at 1350 rpm. In 1965, Kaiser bought license to produce the Buick V6 Dauntless engine, to offer the new option on the CJ-5 and CJ-6, countering complaints that the 75 hp four-cylinder Willys Hurricane engine was underpowered. Power steering was an $81 option. AMC began marketing the Jeep less as a universal utility vehicle, and more as a sporty one, notably increasing its performance and features. 1972 Revamp The 1972 model year brought significant changes to the CJ-5. American Motors began fitting its own engines, which also required changes to both body and chassis. The base Willys 4-cylinder was replaced by AMC's Torque Command straight-6 engines, giving the entry-level CJ-5 the power of the previously optional Buick V6. Standard became the , and optional the , which was standard in California. Both engines used a one-barrel Carter YF carburetor. Also in 1972, AMC's V8 engine became available, which upgraded the power-to-weight ratio to a level comparable to a V8 muscle-car. Other drive-train changes included a new front axle - a full-floating, open-knuckle Dana 30, which was both 25 lbs lighter and reduced the turning circle by 6 ft. To accommodate the new engines, the wheelbase was stretched by , and the fenders and hood were stretched by . A new box-frame was fitted, featuring six cross-members for more rigidity. Also, a larger fuel tank was mounted, moved from under the driver's seat to under the rear, between the frame rails. A dealer-installed radio became available in 1973, and air conditioning became available via dealership in 1975. Electronic, breakerless distributors replaced breaker-point Delco distributors for the full engine line-up, and a catalytic converter was added to models equipped with the 304 V8. In 1975, for the 1976 model year, the tub and frame were modified from earlier versions. The frame went from a partially open channel/boxed frame with riveted crossmembers, to majoritively boxed with welded crossmembers, and from parallel rails to widening fore to aft to benefit stability. and the body tub became more rounded. The windshield frame and windshield angle were also changed, meaning that tops for the 1955 through 1975 model years are different from the 1976 through 1983 CJ-5 versions. The rear axle was also changed in 1976 from a Dana 44 to an AMC-manufactured model 20 that had a larger-diameter ring gear, but used a two-piece axleshaft/hub assembly instead of the one-piece design used in the Dana. For 1977, the frame was modified again to a completely boxed unit. Power disc brakes and the "Golden Eagle" package (which included a tachometer and clock) were new options, Special CJ-5 versions • 1961 Tuxedo Park • 1962 Tuxedo Park Mark II • 1963 Tuxedo Park Mark III • 1964 Tuxedo Park Mark IV :The early Tuxedo Park models were trim lines designed to make the CJ "more comfortable and appealing to the general public." However, the Tuxedo Park Mark IV was claimed as a separate model from the other CJ series (marked in 1965 as the "Universal"), with more differences than past models. The Tuxedo Park Mark IV was an attempt to crack the mass market; it was, according to Jeep, “a new idea in sports cars ... the sportiest, most FUNctional car on the automotive scene." • 1969–1970 Camper :From 1969, Kaiser-Jeep offered a camper for the CJ-5 as a factory option, but also available separately, as it would fit any CJ-5 made since 1955. The camper mounted in the "bed" of the CJ-5, extended well beyond the back of the car, and had another axle of its own, that carried most of the weight. It also extended above the front seats of a CJ-5, which is where the main sleeper was located. When AMC bought Kaiser-Jeep in 1970, they ended the Jeep camper option. With only 336 produced, the Jeep Camper is one of the rarest commercial RV models ever. • 1970 Renegade I :The 1970 "Renegade I" models continued the features of the "462" package, along with special hood trim stripes and limited colors. Renegade I production for 1970 is estimated between 250 and 500 units equipped with all of the previous performance upgrades along with a simple black stripe on the sides of the hood, new 8-inch wide white road wheels with G70x15 tires, and offered in only two bright colors: Wild Plum and Mint Green. Note that there may have been other colors produced including a pale yellow produced in October of 1969. • 1971 Renegade II :The 1971 "Renegade II" continued the previous year's features with bright alloy road wheels (replacing the painted steel units), the addition of a black center hood stripe, and new color selections: about 200 were painted Baja Yellow, 200 Mint Green, 50 Riverside Orange, and 150 finished in Big Bad Orange, the same paint as available on the "Big Bad" AMC AMX and Javelin. The AMC design studios proposed a striping scheme for a Renegade III model for the 1972 model year, but because of their popularity, the Renegade became a regular production appearance package option. • 1972–1983 Renegade :The 1972 "Renegade" was available from 1972 until 1983 with AMC's V8 engine, alloy wheels, and a Trac-Lok limited-slip differential. • 1973 Super Jeep :Only produced in 1973, the Super Jeep was an appearance package created because of a shortage of aluminum wheels needed for the CJ-5 Renegade versions. Only a few hundred were built. • 1977–1983 Golden Eagle :From 1977 through 1983, the Golden Eagle package came with a soft-top or hard-top option, power disc brakes, power steering, tachometer, 304 CID V8, air conditioning, side steps, and Golden Eagle decals. :The 1979 Silver Anniversary edition was a limited-edition version (1000 units) of the Renegade model, marketed to celebrate 25 years of the CJ-5. Features included a special "Quick Silver" metallic paint, black to silver accent body striping, and special Renegade decals on the hood sides, black soft top, special spare tire cover, black vinyl bucket seats, and a dashboard plaque noting the CJ's production from 1954 until 1979. • 1980 Golden Hawk — a 1980-only sticker package for CJ-5, CJ-7 and Cherokee. • 1980-1983 Laredo Australia In Australia, a unique variant of the CJ5/CJ6 was produced in limited numbers. In 1965, when the CJ was given the all-new Buick V6, Jeep saw the need for something similar in Australia. So, they began to fit Australian Ford Falcon 6-cylinder engines to them at their Rocklea factory in Queensland. The Jeep was fitted with an engine, pedal box, and clutch/brake system corresponding to the equivalent Falcon at the time; a 1965 CJ5 would be fitted with 1965 Falcon engine/clutch components. Combat 6 jeeps were also fitted with Australian Borg Warner differentials and Borg Warner-brand gearboxes. Very little documentation about these Jeeps remains, and often the only way to conclusively identify them is by owner history. Brazil While most foreign assemblers focused on the CJ-3B, Brazil received the CJ-5 instead. After having closed their market to imported cars in 1954, assembly of the "Willys Jeep Universal" (as it was known in Brazil) from CKD kits began in 1957. In 1980, the engine was modified to run on Neat ethanol fuel (E100); this option lasted until 1983, when Ford ended the production of the CJ-5 in Brazil. ==CJ-6==

Introduced in 1953 as the military M170 jeep ambulance, the civilian Willys Jeep CJ-6 made its debut in 1955 as a 1956 model. It is a version of the CJ-5, stretched by , giving it a longer wheelbase of from 1955 to 1971, and from 1972 to 1981. and in Israel, by Kaiser in Haifa and later by Automotive Industries Ltd. in northern Nazareth (now Nof HaGalil). In Brazil, a local 4-door option existed from 1961 to 1966 model years, called "Jeep Universal 101 Bernardão 4 portas". ==CJ-5A and CJ-6A==

From 1964 until 1968, Kaiser elevated the Tuxedo Park from a trim package to a separate model for the CJ-5A and CJ-6A. A Tuxedo Park Mark IV is signified by a different prefix from a normal CJ-5, with a VIN prefix of 8322, and a CJ6a is 8422, while a normal CJ-5 VIN prefix is 8305 from 1964 through 1971. ==CJ-7==

The Jeep CJ-7 had a wheelbase longer than that of the CJ-5, with its curved side entry cutouts partially squared up to accommodate hinged doors. The other main difference between CJ-5 and CJ-7 was in the chassis, which consisted of two parallel longitudinal main C-section rails. To help improve vehicle handling and stability, the rear section of the chassis stepped out to allow the springs and shock absorbers to be mounted closer to the outside of the body. It was introduced for the 1976 model year, with a total of 379,299 built during eleven years of production. 4.2L).  With only 630 units produced (560 Topaz Gold Metallic and 70 Olympic White), the CJ-7 Jamboree is the rarest CJ-7 ever built and one of the rarest Jeeps of all time. The Jamboree is in the same production rarity class as the 1971 CJ-5 Renegade-II. It is the most heavily optioned CJ ever built; it was the Rubicon of its day. All units were uniquely numbered via a dash plaque; it is the only AMC Jeep to have been numbered. Engines • AMC I4 • GM Iron Duke I4 • AMC I6 • AMC I6 , • AMC V8 , • Isuzu Diesel C240 Transmissions • Warner T-18 (four-speed with a Dana 20, 1976-1979) (aftermarket adapters exist for a Dana 300, but it was not a factory option) (also known as a three-speed with granny gear) • Borg-Warner T-4 (four-speed with a Dana 300) • Borg-Warner T-5 (five-speed with a Dana 300) • Tremec T-150 (three-speed manual transmission with a Dana 20, 1976-1979) • Tremec T-176 (four-speed manual with a Dana 300) • Borg-Warner SR-4 (four-speed with a Dana 300) • GM TH-400 (three-speed automatic with BW QuadraTrac #1339) • TF-999 (three-speed automatic transmission - 4.2 L with a Dana 300) • TF-904 (three-speed automatic transmission - 2.5 L with a Dana 300) Transfer cases • Dana 20 (1976–1979) • Dana 300 (1980–1986) • Borg-Warner #1339 (1976–1979) Axles • Dana 30 Front narrow track (1976–1981) • Dana 30 Front wide track (1982–1986) • 2-Piece AMC 20 Narrow track rear (1976–1981) • 2-Piece AMC 20 Narrow track offset differential rear (1976–1979) only for QuadraTrac #1339-equipped vehicles • 2-Piece AMC 20 Wide track rear (1982–1986) • Dana 44 Wide track rear (mid-year 1986) ==Scrambler (CJ-8)==

The CJ-8, officially referred to as the Jeep Scrambler, was a long-wheelbase version of the CJ-7, introduced in 1981 and manufactured through 1986. It featured a wheelbase and a removable half cab, creating a small pick-up style box instead of using a separate pickup bed. Scramblers used the traditional transfer case with manual front locking hubs to engage the four-wheel drive. Most had either a four- or five-speed manual transmission, but a three-speed automatic transmission was an option. The Scrambler would be discontinued in 1986 and effectively replaced by the Cherokee-based Comanche. Former President Ronald Reagan owned a Scrambler and used it on his California ranch. Alaska Postal Service A full-length steel hardtop Scrambler was made for the Alaskan Postal Service, using right-hand drive and automatic transmissions. Instead of the rear tailgate, the steel hardtop used a hinged barn-door opening to the back. Only 230 were produced and sold in the U.S. It was also widely sold in Venezuela and Australia as the CJ8 Overlander, with small differences, including full-length rear windows on the Overlander. Steel hardtops used on these postal Scramblers and Overlanders were known as "World Cab" tops. Production There is some debate as to whether 1986 models were leftover units from the previous model year. ==CJ-10==

The Jeep CJ-10 was a CJ-bodied pickup truck based on a heavily modified Jeep J10 pickup truck. ==CJ-10A==

{{Infobox automobile The Jeep CJ-10A was a CJ-10-based flightline aircraft tug. Produced in Mexico from 1984 until 1986, it was used by the United States Air Force as an aircraft tug. It was a 4x2 bobtail design. About 2,300 were produced. ==References==