New dinosaur taxa General non-avian dinosaur research •
Maidment and
Butler (2025) review the state of dinosaur taxonomy and attempt to determine the geographical areas and time periods likely to offer the best opportunities for major new discoveries. • Heath et al. (2025) use historical biogeographic estimation methods to estimate the distribution of early dinosaurs and their relatives, and consider low-latitude
Gondwana to be the most likely area of origin of dinosaurs, and possibly of archosaurs in general. • Sen, Bagchi & Ray (2025) study the
biogeography of Late Triassic dinosaurs, and interpret the fossil record as consistent with South American origin of dinosaurs followed by simultaneous dispersals into
Laurasia and east
Gondwana. This was reassessed by Müller et al. (2025), who recognize that methodological issues in the original analysis—particularly inadequate search parameters, matrix design, and outgroup sampling—render its conclusions about dinosaur origins unreliable. • Dempsey et al. (2025) review the utility of methods used to estimate body mass of extinct tetrapods, and present new estimates of body segment mass properties of 52 non-avian dinosaurs. • Evidence from the study of extant
tetrapods and non-avian dinosaurs, indicative of a link between mass distribution and robusticity of the humeral shaft relative to the femoral shaft which can be used to determine mass distribution in fossil tetrapods, is presented by Dempsey et al. (2025). •
Aureliano et al. (2025) compare the microstructure of appendicular bones in non-avian dinosaurs and large-bodied mammals, and interpret it as indicating that gigantism was achieved through divergent evolutionary pathways in the two groups. • Jensen et al. (2025) comment on the studies on brain neuron counts of dinosaurs and their possible cognition published by
Herculano-Houzel (2023) and Caspar et al. (2024), support the existence of a link between
telencephalic neuron counts and cognitive performance, consider the estimates of neuron counts from both studies to be uncertain, and argue that shift towards endothermy in dinosaurs and related increase of their energetic needs might have been linked to cognitive evolution, referring to the endothermic brain hypothesis formulated by Osvath et al. (2024); in response Caspar et al. (2025) reaffirm the conclusions of their 2024 study, argue that the fossil record does not confirm coevolution of endothermy with enlarged brains or elevated neuron densities, and argue that high neuron number estimates for Mesozoic dinosaurs might have explanasions that are unrelated to their cognitive abilities. • Review of sources of information about dinosaur locomotion, and of studies of dinosaur locomotion from the preceding years, is published by Falkingham (2025). • Prescott et al. (2025) reevaluate the accuracy of equations used to calculate speed of dinosaurs from fossil trackways, and find that none of the equations accurately predicted speed of extant
helmeted guinea fowl from tracks made in mud. • Baumgart et al. (2025) review the utility of methods used in the studies of dinosaur thermoregulation and respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive systems. • Review of studies of dinosaur reproduction and ontogeny, and of challenges in the studies of dinosaur reproductive biology, is published by Chapelle, Griffin & Pol (2025). •
Holtz (2025) argues that, because of ontogenetic niche shifts during the life of non-avian dinosaurs, the functional richness of their communities might have exceeded functional richness of Cenozoic mammalian communities. •
Schweitzer et al. (2025) study the composition of vascular-like microstructures isolated from dinosaur fossils from the
Judith River and
Hell Creek formations, and interpret their findings as supporting
endogeneity of the studied structures, but also report the presence of microorganismal components in the studied samples. • Evidence of preservation of
heme bound to a protein
moiety in tissues of specimens of
Brachylophosaurus canadensis and
Tyrannosaurus rex is presented by Long et al. (2025). • Evidence of the presence of a strong connective tissue in the cheek region of dinosaur skulls, linking the zygoma and mandible in dinosaurs, is presented by Sharpe et al. (2025). • Lautenschlager et al. (2025) present evidence indicating that dinosaur skulls evolved towards morphologies that were a compromise of different functions rather than towards functionally optimal proportions, as well as evidence indicating that rostrum was the part of dinosaur skull showing the greatest variability and plasticity. • Tucker et al. (2025) determine the ages of dinosaurs eggs from the Cretaceous strata of the Mussentuchit Member of the
Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah, United States) and from the Teel Ulaan Chaltsai locality in the Eastern Gobi Basin (Mongolia) on the basis of U-Pb calcite dating and elemental mapping of eggshells, and interpret their findings as indicative of utility of eggshell biocalcite from eggs of dinosaurs and other egg-laying vertebrates as a
geochronometer in Mesozoic and Cenozoic terrestrial sedimentary basins. • Zhang et al. (2025) interpret secondary eggshell units in eggs of non-avian dinosaurs as biogenic in nature, as interpret their rarity in eggs of maniraptoran theropods as suggestive of a change of the biomineralization mechanism of dinosaur eggshells near the origin of Maniraptora. • Review of the fossil record of Triassic-Jurassic dinosaurs and other reptiles from the Connecticut Valley (
Connecticut and
Massachusetts, United States) is published by
Galton, Regalado Fernández & Farlow (2025), who consider
Ammosaurus major to be a separate taxon from
Anchisaurus polyzelus. • McDonald et al. (2025) study the stratigraphy of the Triassic-Jurassic strata of the
Hartford and Deerfield basins (Connecticut and Massachusetts) preserving dinosaur tracks, reconstruct the environment in which the tracks were produced (providing evidence of presence of large theropod tracks in lake-margin strata and evidence of presence of large herbivorous dinosaur tracks in areas closer to upland environments), and interpret theropod trackmakers as spending most of their days at lake margins feeding on fishes and smaller tetrapods, while larger herbivores might have lived in upland habitats. • Niedźwiedzki et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new, diverse assemblage of theropod and early ornithischian tracks from the Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian transition) strata from the Lisowice-Lipie Śląskie site (
Poland), including the biggest theropod tracks from the Upper Triassic of the Central European Basin reported to date. • Xing et al. (2025) describe new dinosaur tracksites from the Lower Jurassic
Ziliujing Formation (China), including didactyl footprints interpreted as most likely produced by non-didactyl trackmakers while punting or running. • Milàn & Vallon (2025) study dinosaur tracks from the Middle Jurassic
Bagå Formation (
Denmark), interpreted as evidence of presence of a diverse dinosaur fauna unknown from skeletal remains. • New tracksites including sauropod tracks and dominated by ornithischian tracks are described from the Middle Jurassic
Dansirit Formation (
Shemshak Group,
Iran) by Xing, Abbassi & Chen (2025). • Deiques et al. (2025) report the discovery of new dinosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic
Guará Formation (
Brazil), including second record of an
ankylosaur track and the best preserved theropod track from the formation reported to date. • Evidence from the study of stable calcium isotope data from tooth enamel of dinosaurs from the
Carnegie Quarry at
Dinosaur National Monument (
Morrison Formation;
Utah, United States), interpreted as indicating that
Allosaurus did not consume significant amounts of bone, as well as indicative of niche partitioning between
Camarasaurus and
Camptosaurus, is presented by Norris et al. (2025). • Leonardi (2025) reviews known record of body and trace fossils of non-avian dinosaurs from the Cretaceous strata in
Brazil. • Duque et al. (2025) describe the dorsal rib of an indeterminate theropod and two new footprints from the Lower Cretaceous
Antenor Navarro Formation (
Triunfo Basin, Brazil). • Mao et al. (2025) describe a new nest with dinosaur eggs from the Lower Cretaceous
Xintan Formation (Anhui, China), and name a new
faveoloolithid oospecies
Parafaveoloolithus wannanensis. • He et al. (2025) describe a new clutch of dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous
Zhaoying Formation (Henan, China), name a new oospecies
Parafaveoloolithus xixiaensis, and transfer the oospecies
"Dendroolithus" guoqingsiensis to the oogenus
Propagoolithus and
"Duovallumoolithus" shangdanensis to the oogenus
Parafaveoloolithus. • Romilio et al. (2025) reconstruct an ornithopod trackway from the Lower Cretaceous strata from the Browns Creek tracksite (
Eumeralla Formation; Victoria,
Australia), and report the discovery of new theropod tracks from the same track horizon. • A new assemblage of dinosaur tracks, including sauropod tracks and possible tracks of bipedal dinosaurs, is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) strata of the
Madongshan Formation from the Yaoshan site (China) by Yang et al. (2025). • Carrano (2025) identifies the first
tyrannosauroid and
neoceratopsian fossil material from the Lower Cretaceous
Newark Canyon Formation (
Nevada, United States). • Xing et al. (2025) describe new dinosaurs tracks from the Cretaceous (Albian to Coniacian) strata of the
Shaxian Formation at the Longxiang site (Fujian, China) and review known record of dinosaur tracks from this site, confirming that the studied track assemblage is dominated by tracks produced by
ankylopollexian ornithopods, but also includes theropod (including probable large-bodied deinonychosaur) and sauropod tracks. • Chen et al. (2025) determine the age of
dendroolithid eggs from the Coniacian-Santonian strata from the Tumiaoling Dinosaur Egg Fossil Locality in Qinglongshan (Hubei, China) on the basis of U-Pb dating of calcite samples identified within the eggs. • New assemblage of dinosaur footprints, including ceratopsid, tyrannosaurid, probable ankylosaurian and small theropod-like footprints, is described from the Campanian
Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada) by Bell et al. (2025). • Yu et al. (2025) report the discovery of new
tyrannosaurid,
dromaeosaurid (
dromaeosaurine and
velociraptorine),
titanosaur and
hadrosauroid teeth from the Upper Cretaceous
Nenjiang Formation, providing new information on the diversity of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the
Songliao Basin (
China). • A study on habitat preferences of
Campanian and
Maastrichtian dinosaurs from south-western Europe is published by Vázquez López et al. (2025). • Van Der Linden et al. (2025) provide the first description of a fragment of a dinosaur eggshell from the Maastrichtian
Lance Formation (
Wyoming, United States), assigned to the oofamily
Ovaloolithidae and produced either by a theropod or by an ornithopod. • A study on the structure of the latest Cretaceous dinosaur fossil record from North America is published by Dean et al. (2025), who argue that research on diversity dynamics of dinosaurs before the
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event is hampered by geological sampling biases. • Flynn et al. (2025) determine the strata of the Naashoibito Member of the
Kirtland/
Ojo Alamo Formation (
New Mexico, United States) preserving non-avian dinosaur fossils to be latest Maastrichtian in age, and interpret this finding as indicative of high diversity of North American dinosaurs living before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, as well as indicating that Maastrichtian dinosaur faunas from
Laramidia were not uniform in the entire continent. • Weaver et al. (2025) link the widespread facies shifts in western North America during the Cretaceous–Paleogene transition to the
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, arguing that non-avian dinosaurs likely promoted open habitats and that their extinction might have resulted in widespread emergence of dense forest cover.
Saurischian research • Garcia, Martínez & Müller (2025) identify pathological marks on the skull bones of
herrerasaurid specimens representing the oldest record of pathologies in dinosaurs reported to date, and interpret those lesions as likely resulting from
agonistic behaviour of the studied dinosaurs. • Theropod and sauropod trace fossils, including possible drag marks and evidence of trampling, are described from the Lower Jurassic
Kota Formation (
India) by Rozario & Dasgupta (2025). • New assemblage of theropod and sauropod tracks produced in a lagoonal margin environment is described from the Middle Jurassic
Kilmaluag Formation (
United Kingdom) by Blakesley et al. (2025). • Gesualdi et al. (2025) describe sauropod and theropod tracks from the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous
Chacarilla Formation (
Chile), providing evidence of presence of small, medium and large-bodied theropod in the subtropical arid environments of
Gondwana during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition. • A study on the purported swimming sauropod trail from the Mayan Dude Ranch tracksite in the Lower Cretaceous
Glen Rose Formation (Texas, United States), as well as on the second
manus-dominated sauropod trackway and on the theropod track from the same track horizon, is published by Adams et al. (2025), who interpret the studied tracks as unlikely to be produced by dinosaurs that buoyed in deep water. • A tooth of a theropod distinct from
Sinotyrannus, as well as a titanosauriform tooth representing the youngest sauropod fossil from the Jehol Biota reported to date, are described from the Lower Cretaceous
Jiufotang Formation (China) by Yin et al. (2025). • Olmedo-Romaña et al. (2025) describe fossil material of dinosaurs from the Campanian-Maastrichtian strata of the
Fundo El Triunfo Formation (
Peru), including postcranial remains of titanosaur sauropods and theropod teeth which might represent the youngest record of spinosaurids reported to date and the first record of the group from western South America; their conclusions are disputed by Barker,
Naish and Gostling (2025), who argue that these teeth lack key features of spinosaurid dentition, and that they most likely represent crocodylomorph teeth. • Marković et al. (2025) report the discovery of theropod and sauropod fossil material from the Maastrichtian strata from the Osmakovo fossil site, representing the first body fossils of non-avian dinosaurs reported from
Serbia.
Theropod research • A study on the shape and growth of snouts and beaks of extinct theropods and extant birds, providing evidence of a conserved growth pattern of the rostrum throughout the evolutionary history of theropods, is published by Garland et al. (2025). • Marques et al. (2025) compare the performance of different machine learning models used for identification of isolated theropod teeth. • Theropod tracks assigned to three co-occurring ichnotaxa are described from the Lower Jurassic strata of the Peyre site (Causses Basin,
France) by Moreau, Sciau & Jean (2025). • Xing et al. (2025) describe new theropod trace fossils from the Lower Jurassic strata from the Wuli site (
Ziliujing Formation; Sichuan, China), including probable tail drag impressions interpreted as possible evidence of vigilant or aggressive behavior of the tracemakers. • Tracks produced by both large and multiple smaller-bodied theropods are described from the Middle Jurassic strata of the
Valtos Sandstone and
Kilmaluag formations (Scotland, United Kingdom) by Blakesley et al. (2025). • Yurac et al. (2025) identify theropod tracks representing at least five different morphotypes in the strata of the
Oxfordian Majala Formation in the Quebrada Huatacondo area (
Chile). • Piñuela et al. (2025) report the discovery of a theropod footprint preserved with a detached sandstone undertrack from the Upper Jurassic
Lastres Formation (
Spain), providing evidence of foot movement through the sediment and evidence of changes of footprint morphology at different levels of sediment depth, with some of the successive footprint outlines showing similarities to footprints of members of different dinosaur groups; the authors also reevaluate the type series of the ichnotaxon
Iguanodontipus, and argue that some of the studied footprints might have been produced by a theropod. • A study on the taxonomic composition of the assemblage of isolated theropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic strata from the Andrés fossil site (
Portugal) is published by Malafaia et al. (2025). • Evidence of distinct wear surfaces in isolated theropod teeth from the Andrés fossil site is presented by Batista et al. (2025). • Reolid & Cardenal (2025) describe theropod tracks from the
Berriasian strata of the Internal Prebetic of Sierra del Pozo (Jaén, Spain), representing the first dinosaur tracks from the South-Iberian Palaeomargin reported to date. • Figueiredo (2025) describes new theropod tracks from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian)
Papo Seco Formation (Portugal), representing morphotypes different from tracks from the underlying layers of the Areia do Mastro Formation. • Li et al. (2025) calculate speed of the mid-sized theropod that was the producer of a trackway of
eubrontid footprints from the
Jingchuan Formation (China), interpreted as the fastest-running Cretaceous theropod documented to date. • Xing et al. (2025) describe a new assemblage of theropod tracks from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group (Gansu, China), reporting morphological variation of the studied tracks within a small area interpreted as resulting from varied track preservation. • Buntin et al. (2025) report the discovery of new mating display scrapes of theropods from the
Cenomanian strata of the
Dakota Sandstone at
Dinosaur Ridge (
Colorado,
United States), and interpret the site preserving the studied traces as likely to be a
lek site. • Evidence from the study of theropod tracks from the Maastrichtian strata from the
Torotoro National Park (
Bolivia), indicating that the formation of tail traces associated with the studied trackways was related to walking kinematics of theropods in soft substrate, is presented by McLarty et al. (2025). • Esperante et al. (2025) study theropod trace fossils from the Carreras Pampa tracksite from the Torotoro National Park, identifying 11 morphotypes for walking tracks and 3 morphotypes for swim tracks, and determine walking and swimming behaviors of the trackmakers. • Indeterminate theropod
phalanges with similarities to phalanges of digging mammals are described from the
Turonian Bissekty Formation (
Uzbekistan) by Averianov (2025). • Ősi, Kolláti & Nagy (2025) report evidence of greater diversity of teeth of Late Cretaceous theropods from Central Europe than recognized in earlier studies, and interpret the studied teeth of large
tetanurans as indicative of feeding patterns similar to those of the
Komodo dragon. • A new theropod specimen, likely distinct from
Sinosaurus triassicus and
Shuangbaisaurus anlongbaoensis and related to
averostrans, is described from the Lower Jurassic
Lufeng Formation (China) by Li et al. (2025). •
Cau & Paterna (2025) describe new theropod fossil material from the
Kem Kem Group (
Morocco) and revise
Bahariasaurus and
Deltadromeus, interpreting the former taxon as an abelisauroid showing
convergences with the ornithomimosaurs and a
senior synonym of the latter taxon; the authors also confirm that the fossil material originally attributed to
Kryptops palaios includes both abelisaurid and allosauroid remains, and argue that the fossil material originally attributed to
Eocarcharia dinops includes both spinosaurid and allosauroid remains. • Rocha et al. (2025) describe an isolated abelisauroid teeth from the Cenomanian
Açu Formation (Brazil), including a probable noasaurid tooth representing the first record of the group from the Potiguar Basin. • Evidence from the study of a new dentary of
Berthasaura leopoldinae, indicating that this theropod lost its teeth during its ontogeny, is presented by Pierossi et al. (2025). • A study on bone histology of
Ceratosaurus, providing evidence of faster growth rate than in Late Cretaceous members of Ceratosauria, is published by Sombathy, O'Connor & D'Emic (2025). • A study on the body size evolution in
Ceratosauria, providing evidence of a trend towards decreased body size in noasaurids and of constraints on the increase of body size in abelisaurids, is published by Seculi Pereyra, Pérez & Méndez (2025). • Souza et al. (2025) study the bone histology of
Berthasaura leopoldinae, reporting evidence of a significant intra-skeletal variation, and interpret the
holotype specimen as a subadult individual. • Ribeiro et al. (2025) study the affinities of isolated theropod teeth from the Cretaceous
Açu Formation (Brazil), reporting the first noasaurid record for the studied formation and identifying four morphotypes of abelisaurid teeth, interpreted as possible evidence of predominance of abelisaurids in the theropod assemblage found in the studied formation. • A study on the maxillary shape of abelisaurids and its relation to feeding ecology is published by Seculi Pereyra et al. (2025), who find evidence of morphological similarities between the maxillae of
Spectrovenator and Late Cretaceous abelisaurids, interpreted as likely to be specialist hunters holding and killing prey with their jaws. • A study on the evolution of the abelisaurid skull morphology is published by Pereyra et al. (2025). • Seculi Pereyra (2025) studies the evolution of abelisaurid orbit shape, interpreted as more likely influenced by selective pressures such as those related to specialized predation than by phylogenetic constraints. • Hendrickx et al. (2025) revise the fossil record of isolated abelisaurid teeth from the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata from
Gondwana, identify abelisaurid teeth in the
Bathonian Sakaraha Formation (
Madagascar) and in the Upper Jurassic
Tacuarembó Formation (
Uruguay), and study the evolution of abelisaurid tooth morphology. • A study on the microstructure of teeth and
periodontium of an abelisaurid specimen from the
Candeleros Formation (Argentina), providing evidence of patterns of tooth formation and replacement in abelisaurids that were comparable with those of other
amniotes, is published by Cerda & Porfiri (2025). • An abelisaurid humerus with the morphology intermediate between those of noasaurids and those of Campanian-Maastrichtian abelisaurids is described from the
Santonian Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Argentina) by Méndez et al. (2025). • Paulina-Carabajal et al. (2025) describe abelisaurid remains representing the first theropod fossils from the Upper Cretaceous
Angostura Colorada and
Coli Toro formations (Argentina). • Isasmendi & Malafaia (2025) attribute isolated theropod teeth from the late Campanian Chera 2 (Valencia), early Maastrichtian Montrebei (Lleida) and Campanian–Maastrichtian Viso (Beira Litoral) localities in the Iberian Peninsula to abelisaurids, interpret the theropod tooth from the Cenomanian
La Manjoya Formation with possible affinities to Carcharodontosauridae reported by Ruiz Omeñaca et al. (2009) as more likely to be an abelisaurid tooth, and interpret the fossil record as indicating that carcharodontosaurians were likely extinct in Ibero-Armorica by the Cenomanian, with abelisaurids taking over as apex predators in those ecosystems. •
Buffetaut (2025) revises the type material of
Genusaurus sisteronis and identifies anatomical traits suggestive of affinities with
furileusaurian abelisaurids. • Zurriaguz & Cerroni (2025) study the pneumaticity of bones of the postcranial skeleton of
Tralkasaurus cuyi,
Skorpiovenator bustingorryi and
Carnotaurus sastrei, providing unambiguous evidence of pneumaticity of dorsal vertebrae of
T. cuyi, caudal vertebrae of
S. bustingorryi and cervical and dorsal ribs of
C. sastrei. • Redescription of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of
Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of this species is published by Pradelli, Pol &
Ezcurra (2025). • Theropod teeth identified as belonging to members of the groups Spinosauridae, Metriacanthosauridae, Allosauria and Tyrannosauroidea are described from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Khorat Group (
Thailand) by Chowchuvech et al. (2025), who interpret the studied teeth as suggestive of a theropod faunal turnover during the Early Cretaceous. • Isasmendi et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of early-branching
tetanurans and
baryonychine spinosaurids from the Lower Cretaceous
Golmayo Formation (
Spain), including a large-bodied baryonychine from the Zorralbo I locality. • Puntanon & Samathi (2025) review the Cretaceous fossil record of spinosaurids from Asia. • Puntanon, Suteethorn & Samathi (2025) describe spinosaurid teeth from Hin Lat Yao locality (
Sao Khua Formation,
Thailand), tentatively identified as belonging to a taxon distinct from
Siamosaurus. • Rauhut, Canudo & Castanera (2025) revise the fossil material originally attributed to
Camarillasaurus cirugedae and new fossil material from its type locality, interpret
C. cirugedae as a spinosaurine spinosaurid, recover
Iberospinus and
Vallibonavenatrix as members of Spinosaurinae, and consider
Protathlitis cinctorrensis to be a probably chimeric
nomen dubium of uncertain affinities. • Evidence indicating that oxygen isotope composition in tooth dentine of
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus can be used as a proxy for environmental reconstructions is presented by Liu et al. (2025), who record oxygen isotope variability in the dentine of the studied theropod, interpreted as likely reflecting seasonal environmental changes. • Description of new fossil material of
Allosaurus from the Andrés fossil site (
Portugal) and a taxonomic revision of this genus is published by Malafaia et al. (2025), who interpret
A. fragilis and
A. jimmadseni as the only valid species of
Allosaurus from the Late Jurassic of North America, and consider the
holotype of
Allosaurus europaeus to be a specimen of
A. fragilis. • Kotevski et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Strzelecki Group and
Eumeralla Formation (
Australia), including the first
carcharodontosaurian fossils from Australia, bones of large-bodied
megaraptorids and a tibia of a member of
Unenlagiinae. • Oswald et al. (2025) revise purported teeth of
Acrocanthosaurus from the
Sonorasaurus Quarry in the
Turney Ranch Formation of
Arizona and the Long Walk Quarry in the Ruby Ranch Member of the
Cedar Mountain Formation (
Utah), describe additional allosauroid teeth from three localities in the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, and interpret the studied fossils as possible evidence of presence of fossil material of up to four carcharodontosaurid taxa in the Cedar Mountain Formation. • Averianov et al. (2025) describe a maxilla of a member of the genus
Ulughbegsaurus from the Cenomanian
Khodzhakul Formation (
Uzbekistan), and interpret its morphology as supporting the attribution of
Ulughbegsaurus to the family
Carcharodontosauridae. • A tooth of a carcharodontosaurid related to
Giganotosaurus and
Mapusaurus is described from the Lower Cretaceous strata of the
Itapecuru Formation (
Brazil) by França et al. (2025). • Calvo et al. (2025) report the first discovery of the humerus of an adult specimen of
Megaraptor namunhuaiquii from the Upper Cretaceous
Portezuelo Formation (
Argentina), and interpret its anatomy as indicating that
M. namunhuaiquii and
Gualicho shinyae were not closely related. • Redescription of the anatomy of the braincase of
Megaraptor namunhuaiquii is published by Paulina-Carabajal & Porfiri (2025). • A study on the biogeography of Megaraptora and Tyrannosauroidea is published by Morrison et al. (2025), who argue that megaraptorans had a cosmopolitan distribution before the splitting of
Laurasia and
Gondwana, that gigantism evolved multiple times in tyrannosauroids and its evolution might have been related to cooling climate, and that direct ancestors of
Tyrannosaurus likely migrated into North America from Asia. • A study on the evolution of adaptations to cursoriality in the hindlimbs of theropod dinosaurs and on the origin of
arctometatarsus in members of
Coelurosauria is published by Kubo & Kobayashi (2025) • Romilio & Xing (2025) study a nearly 70-metres-long theropod trackway (possibly produced by
Yutyrannus) from the Cretaceous
Jiaguan Formation (China), and present a reconstruction of the locomotion of the trackmaker. • Evidence from the study of ceratobranchial (hyoid) histology of the holotype specimen of
Nanotyrannus lancensis, indicating that the studied individual was nearing or had reached skeletal maturity, is presented by Griffin et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as supporting the classification of
N. lancensis as a taxon distinct from
Tyrannosaurus rex. • Voris et al. (2025) study changes of the endocranial morphology of
Gorgosaurus libratus during its ontogeny, and report that endocasts of juvenile
Gorgosaurus show better defined details of the brain morphology compared to mature specimens. • Scherer (2025) reeavulates evidence for
anagenesis in
tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurids, and recovers species belonging to the genus
Daspletosaurus as forming an
evolutionary grade within Tyrannosaurinae, but does not recover
Daspletosaurus as a direct ancestor of
Tyrannosaurini. • Warner-Cowgill et al. (2025) describe a new specimen of
Daspletosaurus from the
Judith River Formation (Montana, United States), report evidence of the presence of a combination of anatomical features unknown in other members of the genus, and interpret the anatomy of the specimen as weakening the case that
D. wilsoni and
D. torosus are distinct species. • Coppock et al. (2025) identify the
Daspletosaurus specimen CMN 350 from the
Dinosaur Park Formation as the first specimen of
Daspletosaurus horneri from Alberta (Canada), and study variability of skull characteristics in members of this species. • Yun, Delcourt &
Currie (2025) study growth trajectories of skull bones of
Tarbosaurus bataar, reporting evidence of ontogenetic changes similar to those seen in other tyrannosaurids, as well evidence of presence of variation that wasn't correlated with the size. • Mitchell et al. (2025) analyze vessel-like structures within the fractured rib of the
RSKM P2523.8 specimen of
Tyrannosaurus rex, interpreted as
angiogenic blood vessel casts, and interpret their preservation as aided by incomplete healing of the rib fracture. •
Paul (2025) revises tyrannosaurid fossil material from the Maastrichtian formations of the North American upper plains, and argues that multiple tyrannosaurid species were present in North America during the Latest Cretaceous. •
Carr (2025) studies the impact of the commercial trade on the sample size of specimens of
Tyrannosaurus rex, finds that the rate of discoveries of fossils of
T. rex made by commercial companies is higher than that of public trusts, but also reports that commercially collected
T. rex fossils mostly remain in private collections or stockrooms, and that there are more fossils of
T. rex in private hands than in public trusts. • Carr (2025) restudies the holotype skull of
Tyrannosaurus rex. • Rowe &
Rayfield (2025) compare cranial biomechanics of members of different groups of large-bodied theropods, find evidence of elevated cranial stress in tyrannosaurids related to increased head muscle volume and bite forces, unlike other theropods that experienced lower cranial stress, and interpret these differences as likely related to different feeding strategies of tyrannosaurids and other large theropods. • Qiu, Wang & Jiang (2025) review the history of discovery, morphology, affinities and ecology of
Sinosauropteryx and related theropods. • Delcourt et al. (2025) revise the anatomy and affinities of
Mirischia asymmetrica and
Santanaraptor placidus, and interpret the two taxa as unlikely to be
synonymous. • Theda et al. (2025) describe a
manual ungual and a
metatarsal of an indeterminate
ornithomimosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian) strata in Balve (northwestern
Germany). • Isolated dentaries with similarities to bones of
deinocheirids are described from the Upper Cretaceous
Judith River Formation (
Montana, United States) by Chinzorig et al. (2025). • Meso et al. (2025) revise
alvarezsaurid fossils from the Salitral Ojo de Agua locality (
Allen Formation;
Río Negro Province,
Argentina) described by
Salgado et al. (2009) and an alvarezsaurid femur from the same locality originally described as an ornithopod femur by
Coria, Cambiaso & Salgado (2007), describe additional alvarezsaurid material from this locality, and interpret the studied fossils as likely bones of
Bonapartenykus ultimus, providing new information on the body plan of members of
Patagonykinae. • A study on pneumatic structures in the vertebrae of
cf. Bonapartenykus ultimus from the Allen Formation is published by Windholz et al. (2025). • The conclusions of the study on the hearing acuity of
Shuvuuia deserti published by Choiniere et al. (2021) are contested by Manley & Köppl (2025). • Evidence of carnivory in the holotype of
Bannykus is presented by Wang et al. (2025). • Evidence from the study of limb morphology of non-avian
maniraptorans and birds, interpreted as indicating that evolution of maniraptoran limbs was not solely driven by functional specialization for flight, is presented by Nebreda, Hernández Fernández & Marugán-Lobón (2025). • Smith (2025) reconstructs the musculature of the pectoral girdle and forelimbs of
Falcarius utahensis. • Freimuth &
Zanno (2025) describe new cranial material of
Falcarius utahensis from the
Cedar Mountain Formation (
Utah, United States), providing new information on the skull anatomy of members of this species. • A model for forelimb function of
Nothronychus graffami, based on muscular reconstruction of Smith (2021), is presented by Smith (2025). • Napoli et al. (2025) report evidence of presence of a
pisiform in two newly prepared
pennaraptoran specimens from the Upper Cretaceous strata from the Gobi Desert in
Mongolia (
Citipati cf. osmolskae and a
troodontid), providing evidence of replacement of the
ulnare by the pisiform before the origin of birds, and close to the origins of flight in theropods. • Evidence indicating that digit loss and reduction of the rest of the forelimb in members of
Oviraptorosauria were independent changes resulting from different evolutionary processes is presented by Mead, Funston & Brusatte (2025). • Zhu et al. (2025) report the discovery of clutch of
elongatoolithid eggs from the Upper Cretaceous
Qiupa Formation (China), possibly produced by
Yulong mini. • Wang et al. (2025) report the discovery of elongatoolithid eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Zhangqiao Formation (Anhui, China), representing the first record of non-avian dinosaur eggs in the Hefei Basin. • Foster,
Norell & Balanoff (2025) describe two new specimens of
Conchoraptor gracilis from the
Baruungoyot Formation (
Mongolia), present an updated diagnosis for
Conchoraptor and differentiate
C. gracilis from both
Heyuannia yanshini and
Khaan mckennai. • Zhu et al. (2025) describe a new clutch of eggs assigned to the oospecies
Nanhsiungoolithus chuetienensis, interpret the oogenera
Montanoolithus,
Reticuloolithus and
Paraelongatoolithus as
junior synonyms of the oogenus
Nanhsiungoolithus, and interpret the studied eggs as indicating that dromaeosaurids and oviraptorids might have shared a similar clutch structure. • New information on the structure and number of hindwing feathers in
Microraptor is presented by Chotard et al. (2025), who report the first evidence of asymmetry of long metatarsal
covert feathers in
Microraptor, and report evidence of a configuration of feather layers in the hindwing of the studied taxon. • Grosmougin et al. (2025) reconstruct the anatomy of the forewing of
Microraptor on the basis of data from the study of four known and ten new specimens. • Didactyl tracks likely produced by unenlagiine dromaeosaurids, and preserving traces likely left by claw on digit II resting on the substrate, are described from the
Candeleros Formation (Argentina) by Heredia et al. (2025). • Motta et al. (2025) study the phylogenetic affinities of unenlagiines, recover them as early-diverging members of
Avialae, and support the inclusion of all
Gondwanan
paravians in the group. • Description of the skeletal anatomy of
Austroraptor cabazai is published by Motta & Novas (2025). • Garros et al. (2025) study the histology of
troodontid metatarsal bones from the
Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), reporting evidence of pathologies in the studied fossil sample, and providing evidence of at least two different growth trajectories in the studied troodontids. • Yun (2025) studies mandibular strength properties of troodontids, and interprets his findings as indicating that the anterior part of the snout might have been used for handling and grasping food items. • Varricchio, Hogan & Gardner (2025) describe new troodontid material from the
Two Medicine Formation (
Montana, United States), and interpret
Stenonychosaurus inequalis as a
junior synonym of
Troodon formosus. • Evidence of similarities of fusion patterns of the axial column in
Troodon formosus and extant
emu is presented by Caldwell, Bedolla & Varricchio (2025). • The first deinonychosaurian (probably troodontid) track from
Japan is described from the Lower Cretaceous
Kitadani Formation by Tsukiji, Hattori & Azuma (2025). • Kiat et al. (2025) provides new information on the wing structure of
Anchiornis huxleyi, report evidence of an irregular molt, and interpret the studied theropod as likely flightless. • García-Gil et al. (2025) identify isolated theropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous
El Gallo Formation (
Mexico) as belonging to dromaeosaurids, troodontids, maniraptorans of uncertain affinities and indeterminate theropods. • Evidence from the study of isolated theropod teeth from the Molí del Baró-1 locality (Catalonia, Spain), interpreted as indicative of previously unrecognized diversity of paravians from the Ibero-Armorican island during the latest Cretaceous and of diverse feeding styles of the studied theropods, is presented by Castillo-Visa et al. (2025).
Sauropodomorph research • Evidence from the study of vertebral columns of early-branching sauropodomorphs, interpreted as indicative of independent evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorphs, theropods and pterosauromorphs, is presented by Beeston et al. (2025). • A study on the evolution of the morphology of the sauropodomorph astragalus, providing evidence of stepwise appearance of features seen in sauropods, is published by Lefebvre et al. (2025). • Filek et al. (2025) calculate striking energy of the tail of
Plateosaurus trossingensis, and argue that the tail of
Plateosaurus could have been used for active defence. • Description of a well-preserved specimen of
Plateosaurus trossingensis from the Upper Triassic
Klettgau Formation (
Switzerland), preserving evidence of a pathology of its right scapula and humerus, is published by Dupuis et al. (2025), who diagnose the studied individual as likely affected by a chronic case of osteomyelitis. • A study on the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of
Macrocollum itaquii is published by Fonseca, Bem & Müller (2025). • Lania, Pabst & Scheyer (2025) describe the skull of a probable new
massopodan taxon from the Late Triassic
Klettgau Formation (Switzerland). • Peyre de Fabrègues et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of
Leyesaurus marayensis from the
Balde de Leyes Formation (Argentina) and revise the anatomy of the
holotype specimen of this species, identifying the holotype as a likely juvenile specimen. • Mooney et al. (2025) describe fossil material of
Massospondylus from the Lower Jurassic strata of the upper
Elliot Formation (South Africa and Lesotho) including embryos within eggs and a hatchling, providing new information on the ontogeny of
Massospondylus, and interpret the studied fossils as indicating that
Massospondylus was quadrupedal during its early ontogeny and shifted to bipedalism later in life. • Probable sauropodomorph (possibly basal sauropod) tracks are described from a new tracksite from the
Norian Shahmirzad Formation (
Shemshak Group;
Iran) by Abbassi, Gharehbaghi & Maleki (2025). • Toefy, Krupandan &
Chinsamy (2025) study the bone histology of two
sauropodiform specimens and one early sauropod from the
Elliot Formation (
South Africa), providing evidence that the three studied specimens underwent rapid growth but differed in the duration of uninterrupted growth, and argue that the change of growth dynamics throughout the evolutionary history of sauropodomorphs was more complex than a simple progression from slow, interrupted growth to fast, uninterrupted growth. • Partial skull of an early member of Sauropodiformes, with long, sauropod-like teeth, is described from the Lower Jurassic
Lufeng Formation (China) by Sundgren et al. (2025). • Evidence of differences in dentition of Early Jurassic sauropods from the
Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Argentina), possibly indicative of different feeding strategies and niche partitioning between sauropods from this formation, is presented by Gomez (2025). • Description of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of
Bagualia alba is published by Gomez et al. (2025), who also study morphological diversity of sauropodomorphs throughout their evolutionary history, and report evidence of shifts in morphospace occupation during the
Jurassic related to the diversification of early sauropods and extinction of other sauropodomorphs, as well as to subsequent diversification of
Neosauropoda. • Gomez et al. (2025) reconstruct the brain and inner ear of
Bagualia alba, and interpret their anatomy as indicative of gradual sensory changes during sauropod evolution. • Ren et al. (2025) interpret the restricted distribution of
mamenchisaurids in eastern China during the Late Jurassic and their migrations to other regions as possibly linked to environmental changes resulting from volcanic activity in the Tunxi Basin (China). • Kaikaew, Suteethorn &
Chinsamy (2025) describe a pathologic mamenchisaurid ulna from the Early Cretaceous
Phu Kradung Formation (
Thailand), and diagnose the studied specimen as affected by an osteogenic tumor. • Yang et al. (2025) study the bone histology of
Mamenchisaurus guangyuanensis. • Saleiro & Tschopp (2025) describe a previously unstudied collection of sauropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic strata in
Portugal, identified as belonging to members of
Turiasauria,
Flagellicaudata,
Camarasauridae and
Titanosauriformes. • Winkler et al. (2025) study tooth wear in Late Jurassic sauropods from Portugal, Tanzania and United States, and interpret their findings as consistent with a narrow dietary niche of camarasaurids and likely with their seasonal migrations following the availability of their preferred food source, with niche differentiation between camarasaurids and turiasaurs in Portugal, with a broad dietary niche and seasonal variation in diet in diplodocoids (possibly linked to limited migration compared to camarasaurids), and with consumption of food including more abrasives (possibly stemming from a nearby desert) by titanosauriforms from Tanzania compared to the ones from Portugal. • Sauropod teeth identified as the oldest turiasaurian fossils from Africa reported to date are described from the Middle Jurassic
El Mers III Formation (
Morocco) by Woodruff et al. (2025). • Lee & Slowiak (2025) propose a methodology to determine the preferred walking speeds of sauropods, focused on
Diplodocus,
Brachiosaurus, and
Argentinosaurus. • Dinosaur tracks from the
Kimmeridgian strata from the Villette tracksite (
France), sharing similarities with tracks attributed to thyreophorans, are identified as more likely to be tracks of a small-bodied sauropod by Sciscio et al. (2025). • Mannion & Moore (2025) study the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of
Tharosaurus indicus, finding no evidence confirming its purported diplodocoid affinities, and reevaluate the phylogenetic relationships of diplodocoid sauropods. • Eiamlaor et al. (2025) study pneumatic structures of cervical vertebrae of
Phuwiangosaurus and a diplodocoid from the
Sao Khua Formation (
Thailand), and propose that
Phuwiangosaurus was a titanosauriform more closely related to brachiosaurids than to
Somphospondyli. • Evidence from the microscopic analysis of cervical vertebra of
Diplodocus and
Apatosaurus and from the analysis of gross-scale structures in the cervical vertebra of
Diplodocus,
Apatosaurus and
Camarasaurus, interpreted as suggestive of presence of a supraspinal ligament system as well as an interlaminar elastic ligament system in sauropod necks, is presented by Williams & Harris (2025). • Review of history of studies on diplodocoid sauropods and of status of research on their phylogeny, morphology, ecology, ontogeny and biogeography is published by van der Linden et al. (2025). • Bivens, Greenfield & Curtice (2025) determine that the sauropod name "
Barosaurus africanus var.
gracilis", though originally nomenclaturally unavailable, was made available as a subspecies name by Chure &
McIntosh (1989), tentatively classify the sauropod as a species of
Tornieria (
T. gracilis) and designate a
lectotype for this species. • Gallagher et al. (2025) report evidence of preservation of microbodies within epidermis in the scales of juvenile specimens of
Diplodocus sp. from the
Mother's Day Quarry, (
Morrison Formation; Montana, United States), identified as probable fossil melanosomes. • A revision of the known material assigned to the genus
Haplocanthosaurus is published by Boisvert et al. (2025). • A study on the morphology of teeth, their replacement process and possible feeding ecology of
Bajadasaurus pronuspinax is published by Garderes (2025). • Militello, Otero & Carballido (2025) reconstruct the neck muscles inserting in the occiput of
Amargasaurus cazaui, and determine probable browsing positions of its neck. • Lerzo & Gallina (2025) redescribe the left ilium of
Cathartesaura anaerobica, and interpret its anatomy as consistent with the invasion of the space within the ilium by parts of the abdominal air sac that provided resistance to the thin ilium. • Páramo et al. (2025) study the evolution of the hindlimb morphology of titanosauriform sauropods, and find that morphological adaptations related to wide-gauge posture were initially related to increasing body size, but also that they not longer correlated with changes in body size in the later evolutionary history of Somphospondyli, once fully acquired within the group. • A study on the range of motion of the vertebral series in the tail of
Giraffatitan brancai is published by Díez Díaz et al. (2025). • Redescription of
Liaoningotitan sinensis is published by Shan (2025). • Large
fusioolithid eggs with thin eggshells, produced by
titanosaurs, are described from the Upper Cretaceous
Villalba de la Sierra Formation (Spain) by Sanguino et al. (2025), who name a new ootaxon
Litosoolithus poyosi. • Titanosaur tracks preserving details of the skin and soft tissue anatomy, including evidence of variation in scale morphology on feet and evidence that unguals on digits I and II of feet were largely covered in skin, are described from the Cretaceous strata from the Nemegt locality in
Mongolia by Bell et al. (2025). • Fronimos & Woodward (2025) study histology of ribs of a titanosaur specimen from the Upper Cretaceous strata in
Texas, reporting evidence of bone remodeling also seen in appendicular skeletons of other titanosaurs, as well as evidence indicating that growth did not cease simultaneously in all ribs of the studied individual. • A titanosaur astragalus with a morphology closer to astragali of older titanosaurs from Asia, Australia and South America than those of contemporary titanosaurs is described from the uppermost Cretaceous strata of the
Lameta Formation (
India) by Wilson Mantilla et al. (2025). • Poropat et al. (2025) identify gut contents of a specimen of
Diamantinasaurus matildae from the Cretaceous
Winton Formation (
Australia), providing evidence of bulk feeding and multi-level browsing resulting in consumption of conifers, seed ferns and flowering plants by the studied sauropod. • Gomes Nascimento et al. (2025) summarize the records of titanosaurs from the
Bauru Group (
Brazil). • Fossil material of
lithostrotian titanosaurs assigned to two morphotypes, including caudal vertebrae preserved with rare pathological features, is described from the Upper Cretaceous
Cambambe Basin (
Brazil) by Lacerda et al. (2025). • Averianov et al. (2025) describe the first cervical vertebra referrable to
Tengrisaurus starkovi, and recover it as a
basal member of
Colossosauria in an updated phylogenetic study including this new material. • Matteoni, Bellardini & Romano (2025) describe new fossil material of titanosaurs from the
Santonian Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Argentina), providing probable evidence of presence of members of
Saltasauridae (the earliest record of the group from the Neuquén Basin reported to date) and
Colossosauria within the same stratigraphic horizon. • A study on the histology of the caudal vertebrae of
Rocasaurus muniozi is published by Fernández, Windholz & Zurriaguz (2025), who find fibres that might be histological correlates for
skeletal pneumaticity to be present but uncommon in the studied bones. • A study on the anatomy of the
atlas and
axis of
Neuquensaurus australis is published by Zurriaguz et al. (2025). • Kim et al. (2025) study sauropod eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Sihwa Formation (
South Korea), and report evidence of sauropods laying eggs on high ground encircled by water-filled channels within a braided river system, protecting their nests with channels serving as natural moats but risking floodings. • Sauropod bones affected by osteomyelitis and preserving evidence of distinct manifestations of bone remodeling are described from the
Santonian strata from the Ibirá locality (São José do Rio Preto Formation, Bauru Group, Brazil) by Aureliano et al. (2025). • Silva Junior et al. (2025) study the resistance of femora of
Diplodocus sp.,
Amargasaurus cazaui,
Giraffatitan brancai,
Dreadnoughtus schrani,
Uberabatitan ribeiroi,
Australotitan cooperensis and
Neuquensaurus australis to stresses endured while the sauropods assumed bipedal stance, and argue that smaller sauropods such as saltasaurids were able to sustain a bipedal stance for extended periods. • Ruiz et al. (2025) estimate the maximum speed capabilities of
Dicraeosaurus sattleri,
Barosaurus lentus,
Diplodocus longus,
Camarasaurus grandis,
Antarctosaurus brasilensis,
Cetiosaurus oxoniensis,
Apatosaurus louisae,
Turiasaurus riodevensis,
Brachiosaurus altithorax,
Patagotitan mayorum and
Argentinosaurus huinculensis.
Ornithischian research • Romilio et al. (2025) describe new ornithischian footprints from the Lower Jurassic Precipice Sandstone (Queensland, Australia), and reaffirm the prevalence of ornithischian footprints across the Early Jurassic dinosaur tracksites from Australia. • Description of the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of
Manidens condorensis is published by Becerra et al. (2025). •
Barrett &
Maidment (2025) revise the type material of
Nanosaurus agilis,
N. rex,
Laosaurus celer,
L. gracilis,
L. consors and
Drinker nisti, interpret these taxa as
nomina dubia, and report the presence of dental and skull features in the fossil material of
Drinker which were also present in pachycephalosaurs.
Thyreophoran research • Sánchez-Fenollosa & Cobos (2025) describe a partial cranium and cervical vertebra referrable to
Dacentrurus armatus from the Upper Jurassic
Villar del Arzobispo Formation (
Spain), representing the most complete stegosaurian skull from Europe reported to date, and provide a revised taxonomy and phylogenetic nomenclature of stegosaurs, naming a new clade
Neostegosauria. • Costa et al. (2025) examine new fossil and historical data about
Miragaia longicollum, rejecting a possible synonymy with
Dacentrurus. • Maidment et al. (2025) describe a new specimen of
Spicomellus afer, confirming its ankylosaurian status and expanding on the anatomy of this genus. • Rivera-Sylva et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of members of
Ankylosauria from the Upper Cretaceous strata in Coahuila (
Mexico), including fossils from the Maastrichtian
Cañon del Tule Formation representing the youngest records of the group from Mexico reported to date. • Cross, Fraass &
Arbour (2025) study the variation in ankylosaur tooth morphology, find that multiple lines of evidence are needed for taxonomic identification of isolated ankylosaur teeth, and interpret the studied variation as possibly related to different dietary niches of ankylosaur subgroups. •
Kirkland et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of
Mymoorapelta maysi from the strata of the Morrison Formation from its type locality in the Mygatt-Moore Quarry (
Colorado, United States), and support the classification of
Mymoorapelta and
Gargoyleosaurus as distinct taxa. • Álvarez Nogueira et al. (2025) report fragmentary remains of a possible
parankylosaurian from the
Allen Formation (Argentina), likely representing a taxon distinct from the coeval
Patagopelta. • Zheng et al. (2025) study the bone histology of two specimens of
Liaoningosaurus paradoxus, finding that the studied specimens are juveniles, one of which is the first known definitive hatchling ankylosaur. • Treiber et al. (2025) report the first discovery of fossil material of
Struthiosaurus sp. from the Maastrichtian strata of the Haţeg Basin known as "Bărbat Formation" or "Pui Beds" (
Romania), and review the ankylosaur fossil record from Transylvania. • Arbour et al. (2025) describe tracks produced by ankylosaurids from the
Cenomanian Kaskapau Formation and
Dunvegan Formation (
British Columbia and
Alberta,
Canada), interpreted as evidence of the presence of ankylosaurids in North America prior to the Campanian and their coexistence with non-ankylosaurid ankylosaurs during the mid-Cretaceous, and name a new ichnotaxon
Ruopodosaurus clava. • Yoon et al. (2025) identify probable ankylosaurid tracks, referred to as cf.
Ruopodosaurus, from the Cenomanian
Jindong Formation (
South Korea).
Cerapod research •
Maidment et al. (2025) describe a fragmentary femur from the Middle Jurassic
El Mers III Formation (
Morocco) representing the oldest known fossil of a
cerapodan dinosaur. • A partial skeleton of a possible cerapodan dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic
Kilmaluag Formation (
United Kingdom) is described by Panciroli et al. (2025), representing the most complete non-avian dinosaur fossil found from
Scotland to date. • Pintore, Houssaye & Hutchinson (2025) compare the morphology of the femora of 35 ornithopod species and their adaptations to changes of body mass and locomotor habits throughout the evolutionary history of ornithopods, and interpret their findings as consistent with predominant quadrupedalism in hadrosaurids and varying amounts of bipedalism and quadrupedalism in other ornithopods. • Description of a well-preserved skull of a juvenile specimen of
Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis from the Lower Cretaceous
Yixian Formation (
China) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Bertozzo et al. (2025). • A study on the bone histology of
Notohypsilophodon comodorensis and
Sektensaurus sanjuanboscoi, as well as on the evolution on
elasmarians and on their environment, is published by Ibiricu et al. (2025). • A partial hindlimb of an ornithopod with probable elasmarian affinities, representing the most complete small-bodied ornithopod specimen from the Cenomanian
Griman Creek Formation (
Australia) reported to date, is described by Bell et al. (2025). • Maíllo et al. (2025) study bone histology of a partial skeleton of a subadult ornithopod individual from the Cretaceous
Maestrazgo Basin (
Spain), providing evidence of variability of histology of bone elements used for studies of the
skeletochronology of ornithopod specimens, depending on the studied taxon. • Lucas, Ricketts & Dalman (2025) describe fossil material of
cf. Tenontosaurus sp. from the Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian) strata of the
Yucca Formation (
Texas, United States), representing the southernmost record of a tenontosaur in the North American Western Interior reported to date. • An
anomoepodid track produced by a tracemaker with possible
rhabdodontid affinity is described from the Campanian strata of Roztocze hills (
Poland) by Gierliński, Jachymek & Szrek (2025). • Guillermo-Ochoa et al. (2025) describe a track of a small ornithopod from the Albian-Turonian
Arcurquina Formation (
Peru), likely produced during an underwater locomotion. • Devereaux et al. (2025) describe the cranial
endocast of
Fostoria dhimbangunmal. • Sánchez-Fenollosa et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of ornithopods from the Upper Jurassic
Villar del Arzobispo Formation (
Spain), confirming the presence of large-bodied
ankylopollexians in the studied area and providing the first evidence of presence of
dryosaurids and small-sized ankylopollexians. • Fossil material of a previously unrecognized, large-sized, early-diverging member of Ankylopollexia is described from the Upper Jurassic beds of the Lusitanian Basin (
Portugal) by Rotatori et al. (2025). • New ornithopod fossil material, interpreted as likely representing the oldest fossil material of members of
Styracosterna from the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula reported to date, is described from the Valanginian-Hauterivian strata of the
Oncala or
Enciso Group from the El Horcajo site (Spain) by García-Palou, Isasmendi & Torices (2025). • A study on the ecology of
Iguanodon bernissartensis as indicated by strontium and oxygen isotope composition of remains from Bernissart (
Belgium) is published by Decrée et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as indicating that
I. bernissartensis was likely a non-migratory animal living in environment with marked seasonality. • A
hadrosauroid humerus representing the oldest record of a member of the group from the Transylvanian Basin reported to date is described from the Campanian
Sebeș Formation (Romania) by Ebner et al. (2025). • Jiménez-Moreno et al. (2025) use mathematical models and modern ecological analogs to infer the
population dynamics of Mexican
hadrosauroids based on their estimated body mass, and suggest that smaller species had a higher average density compared to larger species, which had a lower average density. • Bertozzo et al. (2025) identify damage to vertebral neural spines in tails of hadrosaurid specimens, interpreted as possible evidence of mating-related injuries. • Qiu et al. (2025) describe eggshell fragments of
Stromatoolithus pinglingensis from the Upper Cretaceous
Tangbian Formation (China) and revise
"Paraspheroolithus" porcarboris from the Upper Cretaceous
Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation, reinterpreting it as an oospecies of
Stromatoolithus and the first evidence of hadrosaurid eggs reported from France. • The partial skeleton of a
hadrosaurid interpreted as the first member of the tribe
Lambeosaurini reported from the Upper Cretaceous strata from
South China is described from the
Dalangshan Formation by Wang et al. (2025). • Evidence of different mechanical performances of the jaws of
Corythosaurus casuarius and
Gryposaurus notabilis, possibly related to niche partitioning, is presented by Dudgeon &
Evans (2025). • Aureliano et al. (2025) study the internal vertebral microanatomy of
Huallasaurus australis, finding evidence of resemblance of the vertebral vascular pattern to that of
Silesaurus and no evidence of presence of invasive air sac diverticula. • Bert et al. (2025) calculate resting and maximum metabolic rates of
neonates of
Maiasaura peeblesorum, interpreted as consistent with a physiology more similar to those of extant fast-growing endotherms than those of extant reptiles, and interpret
Maiasaura as most likely
altricial. • Van der Reest et al. (2025) describe fossil material of
Edmontosaurus sp. representing the first dinosaur elements from the Upper Cretaceous
Brazeau Formation (Alberta, Canada) diagnosable to the genus level. •
Sereno et al. (2025) study the preservation of fossilized integument in "mummies" of two specimens (a late juvenile and an early adult) of
Edmontosaurus annectens from the
Lance Formation (
Wyoming, United States), and report evidence of presence of a fleshy midline over the trunk of the juvenile specimen, as well as evidence of presence of wedge-shaped
pedal hooves and a spike row spanning from hips to tail tip in the adult specimen. • Sharpe et al. (2025) provide new information on the morphology of the hadrosaurid specimen from the
Wapiti Formation (Alberta, Canada) preserving evidence of a soft tissue comb that was described by Bell et al. (2014), based on the study of the right side of the skull and the previously undescribed left side, and interpret the studied individual as likely representing a taxon belonging to
Edmontosaurini that was distinct from both
Edmontosaurus regalis and
Edmontosaurus annectens. • Wroblewski (2025) describes fossil material of
Stygimoloch spinifer from the Maastrichtian
Ferris Formation (
Wyoming, United States), representing the southernmost record of the species reported to date. • Ishikawa et al. (2025) use
computed tomography to describe a psittacosaurid skull similar to the holotype of
Hongshanosaurus houi, and reinterpret this species as belonging to a distinct taxon in the genus
Psittacosaurus, coining the new combination
P. houi. • Wang et al. (2025) report gastroliths in a specimen consisting of 13 juvenile
Psittacosaurus skeletons. • Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of
Archaeoceratops oshimai and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of basal ceratopsians is published by Wang, Zhang & You (2025). • A study on the bone histology and growth of
Liaoceratops yanzigouensis is published by Guo, He & Zhao (2025). • Yun & Czepiński (2025) study changes of skull and mandible traits in
Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi and
Protoceratops andrewsi during their ontogeny, report evidence indicating that juveniles of the studied species were capable of feeding themselves, and possible evidence of a dietary shift during their ontogeny. • Mallon et al. (2025) attributed a new parietal to
Spinops found in the
Dinosaur Park Formation (Canada, Saskatchewan). • Mallon et al. (2025) report that fossil material of only one species of
Triceratops (
T. prorsus) was found in the lower
Scollard Formation (Alberta, Canada) and
Frenchman Formation (Saskatchewan, Canada), contemporaneous with the upper third of the
Hell Creek Formation that also contains fossil material of
T. prorsus, and interpret the fossil record of
Triceratops as consistent with
anagenetic relationship between the
Triceratops horridus and
T. prorsus. • Obuszewski, Smith & Brown (2025) study the histology of cranial ornaments of
Triceratops horridus, providing evidence of unexpected variability based on sampling location. • Enriquez et al. (2025) compare scale growth in
Chasmosaurus belli,
Prosaurolophus maximus and extant reptiles, and find that scale shapes were mostly retained through growth in the studied taxa. == Birds ==