1950s–1960s: Beginnings The Muppets were created by puppeteer
Jim Henson in the 1950s; Henson initially claimed that he coined the term
Muppet as a
blend of the words
marionette and
puppet, though he later denied this. Henson's earliest creations included
Kermit the Frog, who became his most recognizable character. Originally conceived for an
adult audience, the Muppets were introduced in 1955 in
Sam and Friends, a short-form television series produced for
WRC-TV in
Washington, D.C. Developed by Henson and his future wife,
Jane Nebel, the series was the first form of puppet media not to incorporate a physical
proscenium arch typical of such works, relying instead on the natural framing of the
television set through which it was viewed. During the 1960s, the characters—in particular, Kermit and
Rowlf the Dog—appeared in skits on several
late-night talk shows and on television commercials, including
The Ed Sullivan Show. Rowlf became the first Muppet character to appear regularly on network television when he began appearing with
Jimmy Dean on
The Jimmy Dean Show. In 1966,
Joan Ganz Cooney and
Lloyd Morrisett began developing a children's
educational television program and approached Henson to design a cast of Muppet characters during this stage. Produced by the
Children's Television Workshop, the program debuted as
Sesame Street in 1969 on
NET, and later
PBS. Henson and his creative team became closely involved with
Sesame Street during the years that followed; Henson waived his performance fee in exchange for retaining ownership rights to the Muppet characters created for the program.
Sesame Street garnered a positive response, and the Muppets' involvement in the series became a vital component of its increasing popularity, providing an "effective and pleasurable viewing" method of presentation for its educational curriculum.
1970s: The Muppet Show and foray into film In the early 1970s, the Muppets continued their presence in television, primarily appearing in
The Land of Gorch segments during the first season of
NBC's
Saturday Night Live. The Muppet characters featured in
The Land of Gorch behaved boorishly and made frequent references to drug abuse, sexual activity, and consumption of alcohol, adult themes that Henson wanted to explore with the characters in an effort to not let him nor the Muppets be typecast as entertainment for children. The writers of
Saturday Night Live clashed with Henson's vision for the program, often refusing to commit to writing the segments, and several cast members bemoaned the inclusion of the Muppets. Eventually, the collaboration proved too divisive, and the Muppets departed
Saturday Night Live after the first season. As his involvement with
Sesame Street continued, Henson began developing a network television series featuring the Muppets, but distinct from
Sesame Street; this series would be aimed at a more adult audience and would satirize
sketch comedy. Two
television pilots,
The Muppets Valentine Show and
The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence, aired on
ABC in 1974 and 1975, respectively. After ABC passed on the pilots and other networks in the United States expressed little interest in the project, British producer
Lew Grade approached Henson and agreed to co-produce the series for
Associated Television. Debuting in 1976,
The Muppet Show introduced new characters such as
Miss Piggy,
Fozzie Bear, and
Gonzo, alongside existing characters such as Kermit and Rowlf. Aired in
first-run syndication in the United States,
The Muppet Show became increasingly popular due to its
sketch-
variety format, unique form of
vaudeville-style humor, and prolific roster of
guest stars. It was nominated for twenty-one
Primetime Emmy Awards during its run, winning four, including
Outstanding Variety Series in 1978. The success of
The Muppet Show allowed
Henson Associates to diversify into theatrical films, the first of which,
The Muppet Movie, was released in 1979.
1980s–1990s: Subsequent projects Following
The Muppet Movie were
The Great Muppet Caper and
The Muppets Take Manhattan, released in 1981 and 1984, respectively. Collectively, the three films received four
Academy Award nominations.
The Muppet Show ended its five-season run in 1981. In 1983, Henson debuted
Fraggle Rock, which aired on
HBO in the United States until 1987. In 1989, Henson entered negotiations with
Michael Eisner and
the Walt Disney Company, in which Disney would acquire Jim Henson Productions and, in turn, the Muppets. Disney expressed interest in purchasing the company for $150 million. Eisner was also interested in acquiring the
Sesame Street Muppet characters, but Henson declined that proposal, considering it a "non-starter" for the deal. An "
agreement in principle" for the acquisition was publicly announced by Disney and Henson at the
Disney-MGM Studios theme park in
Walt Disney World Resort on August 28, 1989, along with plans for Muppets-themed attractions to debut at that park and
Disneyland the following year. In anticipation of the acquisition, the television special
The Muppets at Walt Disney World premiered on May 6, 1990. However, the proposed merger was cancelled after Henson's death on May 16, 1990. Nevertheless, Disney initiated a
licensing agreement with Jim Henson Productions to continue developing Muppets attractions and the use of the characters within the Disney theme parks. The following year,
Muppet*Vision 3D debuted at Disney–MGM Studios, the only attraction successfully developed from the original plans.
Walt Disney Pictures also co-produced the fourth and fifth Muppets films,
The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992) and
Muppet Treasure Island (1996), with Jim Henson Productions. The characters subsequently starred in
Muppets Tonight, which aired on ABC from 1996 to 1998; and a sixth film,
Muppets from Space, released by
Columbia Pictures in 1999.
2000s: Disney acquisition In 2000,
the Jim Henson Company was sold to
EM.TV & Merchandising AG for $680 million. However, EM.TV's stock collapsed and the Henson family re-acquired the company in 2003, with the exception of the
Sesame Street characters, which were in the interim sold to
Sesame Workshop. Fourteen years after negotiations began, Disney acquired the Muppets
intellectual property from the Henson company for $75 million on February 17, 2004. The acquisition consisted of a majority of the Muppet film and television library, as well as the
Bear in the Big Blue House television series. the
Fraggle Rock characters, which were retained by Henson; Following the acquisition, Disney formed
the Muppets Studio (originally The Muppets Holding Company), a wholly owned subsidiary responsible for managing the characters and franchise. As a result, the term "Muppet" became a legal
trademark of Disney; under license from Disney, Sesame Workshop continues to use the term for their characters, as well as archival footage of Kermit the Frog. Henson retained the rights to several productions featuring the Disney-owned Muppet characters, including ''
Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas, The Christmas Toy, Sesame Street: 20 and Still Counting, Henson's Place
, Billy Bunny's Animal Songs
, the original Dog City special, and Donna's Day
. While some of these have since been released uncut, most current releases of Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas
and The Christmas Toy
omit the appearances by Kermit the Frog. The 2015 ABC Family airing, the 2017 DVD and the 2018 Blu-ray releases of Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas
and the Amazon Prime Video release of The Christmas Toy'' reinstate Kermit's scenes. After the acquisition was complete, Disney gradually began reintroducing the franchise to the mainstream,
synergistically promoting the Muppets across different parts of the company. The Muppets made appearances on
Disney Channel and starred in the ABC television film ''
The Muppets' Wizard of Oz (2005). As a method of regaining a wider audience, Disney produced a series of vignettes for YouTube and Disney.com. In 2010, the Muppets starred in The Muppets Kitchen with Cat Cora'', which co-starred
Cat Cora and showcased cooking demonstrations. That same year, Disney used the Muppets to promote their
volunteerism program at the company's theme parks. A Halloween special featuring the Muppets was developed during that time and expected to air on ABC that October, but was canceled.
2010s–present: Renewed success; current projects ''. won the
Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2012 for "
Man or Muppet" from
The Muppets, winning the first
Oscar for the franchise. , 2013 In 2011, the Muppets were featured in an eponymous seventh film,
The Muppets, intended to serve as a "creative
reboot" for the characters. During the film's publicity campaign, the Muppets appeared in promotional advertisements and marketing efforts by Disney and were also featured in a promotional video for
Google+. In March 2012, the Muppets received a collective star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame. That year, the Muppets hosted a
Just for Laughs comedy gala in
Montreal. Following the release of
The Muppets, Disney announced an eighth film in 2012, with Bobin and Stoller returning to direct and write, respectively.
Muppets Most Wanted was released in 2014 and starred
Ricky Gervais,
Tina Fey, and
Ty Burrell. The film received positive reviews but was a commercial disappointment at the box office.
Disney Theatrical Productions announced in 2013 that a live show based on the Muppets was in active development and that a 15-minute show had been conducted by
Thomas Schumacher to see how the technical components would work.
Muppet Moments, an interstitial television series, premiered on
Disney Jr. in April 2015. The short-form series features conversations between the Muppets and young children. After the release of
Muppets Most Wanted, Disney was interested in expanding the Muppets' presence across other media, particularly in television. Discussions for a new
primetime series began internally within The Muppets Studio. By April 2015,
Bill Prady was commissioned to write a script for a pilot with the working title
Muppets 2015. In May 2015, ABC commissioned
an eponymous series, co-developed by Prady and
Bob Kushell and directed by
Randall Einhorn. Developed as a
parody of other
mockumentary-style series such as
The Office,
Modern Family, and
Parks and Recreation,
The Muppets portrayed the everyday personal and professional lives of the Muppets in
Los Angeles as they produced a
late-night talk show hosted by Miss Piggy. The series premiered on September 22, 2015, in the United States, and received mixed reviews, with critics praising the show's adult humor but criticizing the writing and characterization.
The Muppets was canceled after one season, which concluded on March 1, 2016. On September 24, 2016, The Muppets were featured in a benefit concert called "Puppets for Puppetry," hosted by the
Jim Henson Company for the
Center for Puppetry Arts. This concert honored puppeteer
Dave Goelz and celebrated the 30th anniversary of
Labyrinth. Musical guests
Gerard Way and
Ray Toro of
My Chemical Romance, along with
Jarrod Alexander, Matt Gorney, and
Jamie Muhoberac performed a tribute to
Labyrinth with a medley of songs including "
Underground" and "
As the World Falls Down". In September 2017, the Muppets performed a live concert series at the
Hollywood Bowl, hosted by
Bobby Moynihan. This performance was followed by a second event in July 2018 at London's
O2 Arena, their first outside of the United States. In February 2018, Disney announced that a
streaming television reboot series was in development for
Disney+. The project, known as
Muppets Live Another Day, was intended as a
limited-run series set in the 1980s after the events of
The Muppets Take Manhattan and depicted Kermit recruiting the Muppets to locate
Rowlf the Dog after his disappearance. The series was intended to be directed by
Jason Moore; written by
Josh Gad,
Adam Horowitz and
Eddy Kitsis; produced by
ABC Signature Studios and
The Muppets Studio; and feature original music by
Robert Lopez and
Kristen Anderson-Lopez. A second Disney+ series,
Muppets Now, a short-form
improvisational comedy series, was announced in August 2019 and was released on July 31, 2020.
Muppets Haunted Mansion, a Halloween special based on the Disney attraction
of the same name, was released on October 8, 2021. A third Disney+ series,
The Muppets Mayhem, was ordered in March 2022. The series was developed and written by
Adam F. Goldberg,
Bill Barretta and Jeff Yorkes and starred
Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem, alongside
Lilly Singh and
Tahj Mowry. The series received five
Emmy Award nominations at the
Children's and Family Emmy Awards, winning one for Outstanding Children's or Family Viewing Series. A revival
special of
The Muppet Show produced by
20th Television,
Disney Branded Television, The Muppets Studio, and
Point Grey Pictures for
Disney+, premiered on February 4, 2026 to coincide with the series' 50th anniversary. The special stars Muppet performers
Bill Barretta,
Dave Goelz,
Eric Jacobson,
Peter Linz,
David Rudman and
Matt Vogel performing the majority of the Muppet characters, alongside a supporting cast of additional performers; Goelz reprises the same character roles he originated during the show's original 1976–1981 run. The special is directed by
Alex Timbers and features special guest star
Sabrina Carpenter. Various Muppets have been featured in
The Game Awards since 2022, Starting with Animal presenting Best Soundtrack and score in
2022 ,Gonzo performing in
2023, Statler and Waldorf providing commentary in
2024, and Miss Piggy singing "The Game Awards Will Never Let You Down" with Rowlf the Dog playing the piano in
2025 A Miss Piggy film was revealed by
Jennifer Lawrence during a podcast interview. Lawrence is producing it with
Emma Stone while
Cole Escola will write the script. == Characters ==