Africa Ethiopia The national flower of Ethiopia is
Zantedeschia aethiopica, commonly known as
calla lily.
Mauritius The national flower of
Mauritius is the
Ruizia boutoniana.
Nigeria The national flower of Nigeria is
Costus spectabilis which is commonly known as Yellow Trumpet.
Seychelles The national flower of the
Seychelles is the tropicbird orchid (known locally as
orkid payanke),
Angraecum eburneum.
South Africa The national flower of
South Africa is the
King Protea,
Protea cynaroides.
Tunisia The national flower of
Tunisia is
jasmine. It was chosen as a symbol for the
2010 Tunisian Revolution.
Zimbabwe . The national flower of
Zimbabwe is the flame lily,
Gloriosa superba.
Asia Afghanistan The national flower of
Afghanistan is the
Tulip. It is called
Lala (لاله) in
Persian and
Khatol in the
Pashto language.
Bangladesh The national flower of
Bangladesh is the
water lily Nymphaea nouchali. It is called (শাপলা) in the
Bengali language.
Bhutan The national flower of
Bhutan is the blue poppy. Previously misidentified as the non-native
Meconopsis grandis, national flower of Bhutan was identified in 2017 as
Meconopsis gakyidiana, a new distinct species.
Brunei The national flower of
Brunei is
Simpoh Ayer (
Dillenia suffruticosa).
Cambodia Cambodia formally adopted the
romduol () as its national flower in the year 2005 by a royal decree. The royal decree designates the taxon as
Mitrella mesnyi, however, this is a taxonomically illegitimate synonym for
Sphaerocoryne affinis, which does not occur in Cambodia. The accepted species name for romduol is
Sphaerocoryne lefevrei.
India The lotus (
Nelumbo nucifera) is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower in the art and culture of ancient India.
Indonesia There are three types of floral emblems used to symbolize
Indonesia: • The
puspa bangsa ("national flower") of Indonesia is
melati (
Jasminum sambac). • The
puspa pesona ("flower of charm") is
anggrek bulan or moon orchid (
Phalaenopsis amabilis). and enforced by law through Presidential Decree (
Keputusan Presiden) No. 4 1993, On the other occasion,
bunga bangkai (
Titan arum) was also added as
puspa langka together with
rafflesia.
Melati (
Jasminum sambac), a small white flower with sweet fragrance, has long been considered a sacred flower in
Indonesian tradition, as it symbolizes purity, sacredness, graceful simplicity and sincerity. For example, on her wedding day, a traditional Indonesian bride's hair is often adorned with arrangements of jasmine, while the groom's
kris is often adorned with a lock of jasmine. However, jasmine is also often used as a floral offering for spirits and deities, and also often present during funerals, which has caused it to be seen as having mystical and sacred properties. Moon orchid was chosen for its beauty, while the other two rare flowers,
Rafflesia arnoldii and
Titan arum, were chosen to demonstrate uniqueness and Indonesia's rich biodiversity. Each of the 34
provinces of Indonesia also has a native plant as its
provincial flower.
Iran The national flower of
Iran is the water lily which is also called
nymphaea (
Niloofare Abi, in
Persian). The flower is the national flower of
Iran since the
Achaemenid Empire era (552 BC). holds a water lily In
Persepolis Israel The national flower of
Israel is the poppy anemone (
Anemone coronaria;
calanit metzuya in
Hebrew), chosen in 2013 to replace
Cyclamen persicum.
Jordan The national flower of
Jordan is
black iris (Iris nigricans).
Kuwait The national flower of
Kuwait is Arfaj (
Rhanterium epapposum).
Laos The national flower of
Laos is the
plumeria (
champa),
Maldives The national flower of the
Maldives is the pink polyantha rose (
Rosa polyantha), called
fiyaathoshi finifenmaa.
Mongolia The national flower of
Mongolia is
Scabiosa comosa (,
ber tsetseg).
Myanmar The national flower of
Myanmar is
Pterocarpus indicus (
paduak).
North Korea The national flower of
North Korea is the Korean mountain magnolia (
Magnolia sieboldii,
Korean: 목란/
mongnan).
Palestine The national flower of
Palestine is the Faqqua iris (
Iris haynei).
Pakistan The national flower of
Pakistan is
common jasmine also known as
Jasminum officinale. Philippines The
Philippines adopted the
sampaguita (Arabian jasmine,
Jasminum sambac) in 1934 as its national flower because it symbolizes purity and cleanliness due to its color and sweet smell. Plants of some species of flowers like Sampaguita, fruits like
mango and
nangka, vegetables like
ampalaya,
patola,
malunggay, name of Philippine's pre-Christian chief god
Bathala (from
sanskrit Bhattara Guru), came from India during pre-Spanish
Indianised trade and influences. Among strong traces of continuity of
Hindu influence in Philippines are placing of Sampaguita garland around the neck of visitors to show hospitality and friendship,
throwing the rice over bride and groom for prosperity, performing
paninilbihan, paying dowry, visiting a shrine to pray for fertility, etc.
Saudi Arabia The national flower of
Saudi Arabia is Royal Jasmine (
Jasminum grandiflorum).
Singapore The national flower of Singapore is a hybrid orchid cultivar known as the Singapore orchid or Vanda Miss Joaquim (
Vanda hookeriana ×
Vanda teres).
South Korea The national flower of
South Korea is
Hibiscus syriacus. Known in South Korea as
mugunghwa (
Korean: 무궁화), the flower's symbolism relates to the Korean word
mugung, which means "eternity" or "inexhaustible abundance". Despite being made the national flower officially after Korea regained its independence from Japan,
mugunghwa has been associated with Korean culture for many centuries, with the
Silla kingdom having called itself the "Country of the Mugunghwa" (Korean: 근화향, Romanized:
Geunhwahyang).
Sri Lanka The national flower of
Sri Lanka is
Nil mānel (නිල් මානෙල්), the blue-star water-lily (
Nymphaea stellata). Although
nil means "blue" in
Sinhala, the Sinhalese name of this plant is often rendered as "water-lily" in English. This beautiful aquatic flower appears in the
Sigiriya frescoes and has been mentioned in ancient
Sanskrit,
Pali and Sinhala literary works.
Buddhist lore in Sri Lanka claims that this flower was one of the 108 auspicious signs found on Prince
Siddhartha's footprint.
Taiwan The national flower of
Taiwan was officially designated as the
plum blossom by the
Executive Yuan on 21 July 1964. The plum blossom, known as the
meihua (), is a symbol of resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum trees often bloom most vibrantly even during the harshest winters. The triple grouping of stamens represents Dr.
Sun Yat-sen's
Three Principles of the People, while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government.
Thailand The national flower of
Thailand is the
Golden Shower Tree (
Cassia fistula). The tree (which is also the country's
national tree) is locally known as
ratchaphruek (), while the flower itself is known as
dok khun (). A creeping plant with bright yellow flowers, it thrives in the UAE's arid climate, growing well in areas such as sand dunes, road verges, oases and desert plains.
Vietnam The national flower of
Vietnam is the
lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera).
Europe Albania • Albania –
Papaver rhoeas Andorra • Andorra –
Narcissus poeticus Austria The national flower of
Austria is
edelweiss (
Leontopodium nivale).
Belgium • Belgium –
Flanders poppy Bulgaria • Bulgaria –
rose Croatia • Croatia –
Iris croatica (unofficial)
Cyprus • Cyprus –
Cyclamen cyprium Czech Republic • Czech Republic –
Tilia Denmark • Denmark – The daisy, specifically either
marguerite daisy (
Argyranthemum frutescens) or
oxeye daisy (
Leucanthemum vulgare), the latter being native to Denmark and becoming more frequently used. Previously
red clover (
Trifolium pratense) had been announced as the national flower in the 1930s, but this choice was not popular with the public and it was largely forgotten.
Estonia • Estonia –
cornflower Finland • Finland –
lily of the valley France • Kingdom of France (12th-19th century) –
Iris pseudacorus, fleur-de-lis • Brittany –
Ulex and
heather Guernsey • Guernsey –
Nerine sarniensis Hungary • Hungary - The national flower is the tulip. It is a symbol deeply rooted in Hungarian history and culture, particularly associated with the Ottoman period when tulips were introduced to the country.
Iceland • Iceland – White dryad (
Dryas octopetala)
Italy '') is the national flower of Italy , an emblematic figure of
Italian literature in the late 19th century. Alongside
Gabriele D'Annunzio, he was one of the greatest Italian
decadent poets. The flower of the strawberry tree (
Arbutus unedo) is the national flower of Italy. The strawberry tree began to be considered one of the
national symbols of Italy in the 19th century, during the
Italian unification, because with its autumn colors is reminiscent of the
flag of Italy (green for its leaves, white for its flowers and red for its berries). For this reason the strawberry tree is considered the
national tree of
Italy. The Italian poet
Giovanni Pascoli dedicated a poem to the strawberry tree. He refers to the
Aeneid passage in which
Pallas, killed by
Turnus, was posed on branches of a strawberry tree. He saw in the colours of that plant a prefiguration of the
flag of Italy and considered Pallas the first
national cause martyr. Pascoli's ode says:
Lithuania • Lithuania –
Ruta graveolens Malta The national flower is the Maltese rock-centaury (
Cheirolophus crassifolius).
Netherlands While most people believe it to be the
tulip, the actual national flower of
the Netherlands is the daisy (
Bellis perennis). It was elected in a public vote in 2023.
North Macedonia The national flower of
North Macedonia is the
poppy.
Poland • Poland –
red poppy Portugal Portugal does not officially have a national flower, though the
lavender is commonly cited. The
carnation (
Dianthus caryophyllus) is also a symbol of the nation's triumph against the authoritarian far-right
Estado Novo dictatorship, known as the
Carnation Revolution.
Romania • Romania –
peony Russia • Russia –
chamomile To commemorate Serbian soldiers who died in the war, as well as the resurrection of the country after the devastation, people wear artificial Natalie's ramonda as a symbol of remembrance, especially during the week leading up to
Armistice Day, which is a public holiday.
Slovakia • Slovakia –
Tilia Slovenia The national flower of Slovenia is a
carnation. It is traditionally present at all significant moments of someone's life. White carnations can be traditionally present at Slovenian christenings and at Slovenian weddings, where the bride has a white carnation flower stuck in her hair and the groom wears a white carnation pinned to his breast pocket or buttonhole. While white carnation represents happiness and celebration, red carnation has a more diverse meaning in Slovenian culture. First meaning comes from French and Russian revolutionaries and symbolises revolution and workers. Red carnations also symbolise love and courtship. In folksongs and folk traditions, when young men in the country villages were calling girls in the night under their windows and serenading them, receiving a red carnation bouquet meant, that the serenaded girl accepted their courtship. Finally, at the funeral of a loved one, their acquaintances, friends and family bid a final farewell to the deceased by each throwing a red carnation into the open grave. Furthermore, carnations often appear embroidered on tablecloths, handkerchiefs, blouses, bed linen, lace and on parts of Slovenian national costume, such as skirts, trouser legs and traditional headwear, especially
avba. Additionally, carnations are often flowers hanging from flowerbeds on balconies and windows, which is a source of pride for Slovenian homes. This can be observed throughout Slovenia, most prominently in
Gorenjska and
Štajerska regions.
Spain • Spain –
carnation Sweden The national flower of Sweden is
Campanula rotundifolia. It won a public vote in 2021.
Switzerland The national flower of
Switzerland is
edelweiss (
Leontopodium nivale).
Turkey The national flower of
Turkey is the
tulip.
Ukraine • Ukraine –
sunflower,
guelder rose United Kingdom flowerhead Each of the
United Kingdom's four constituent countries has one or more national flower: •
England –
Tudor rose •
Wales –
daffodil,
leek clover leaf •
Scotland –
thistle,
North America Canada The
maple leaf is widely used as a symbol for
Canada. The maple tree was officially recognized as Canada's arboreal emblem in 1996. Canada's provinces and territories also have official provincial or territorial floral emblems: •
Ontario:
white trillium (
Trillium grandiflorum), adopted in 1937. •
Quebec:
blue flag (
Iris versicolor), adopted in November 1999. •
Nova Scotia:
mayflower (
Epigea repens), adopted in 1901. •
New Brunswick:
purple violet (
Viola cucullata), adopted in 1936. •
Manitoba:
prairie crocus (
Pulsatilla ludoviciana), adopted in 1906. •
British Columbia:
Pacific dogwood (
Cornus nuttallii), adopted in 1956. •
Prince Edward Island:
lady's slipper (
Cypripedium acaule), a species of orchid, adopted in 1947. •
Saskatchewan:
western red lily (
Lilium philadelphicum var.
andinum), adopted in 1941. •
Alberta: wild rose (
Rosa acicularis), also known as the
prickly rose, adopted in 1930. •
Newfoundland and Labrador:
northern pitcher plant (
Sarracenia purpurea), adopted in 1954. It was first chosen as a symbol of Newfoundland by
Queen Victoria, and was used on the island's coinage until 1938. •
Northwest Territories:
mountain avens (
Dryas octopetala), adopted in 1957. •
Yukon:
fireweed (
Epilobium angustifolium), adopted in 1957. •
Nunavut:
purple saxifrage (
Saxifraga oppositifolia), unanimously adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut on 1 May 2000. Many Canadian flags and coats-of-arms have floral emblems on them. The
flag of Montreal has four floral emblems. On the right side of the
flag of Saskatchewan overlapping both green and gold halves is the western red lily, the provincial floral emblem. The
coat of arms of Port Coquitlam has the city's floral emblem, the
azalea, displayed on a collar. The
coat of arms of Prince Edward Island displays
lady's slippers, the floral emblem of the island. When
coat of arms of Nova Scotia were reassumed in 1929, the
trailing arbutus or mayflower, the floral emblem of Nova Scotia, was added.
Mexico The national flower of
Mexico is the dahlia (
Dahlia pinnata).
United States In 1986, President
Ronald Reagan signed legislation to make the
rose the national floral emblem of the
United States. Adopted as representative symbols by state legislatures, each of the 50
states has a
state flower and
tree. Each of the five
inhabited territories, namely
American Samoa,
Guam, the
Northern Mariana Islands,
Puerto Rico, and the
U.S. Virgin Islands, also have an official territory flower.
Central America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda The national flower of
Antigua and Barbuda is
Agave karatto, also known as "dagger log" or "batta log".
The Bahamas '' The national flower of
the Bahamas is the Yellow Elder (
Tecoma stans).
Barbados The national flower of
Barbados is known locally as the
Pride of Barbados (
Caesalpinia pulcherrima).
Belize The national flower of
Belize is the black orchid (
Prosthechea cochleata).
Costa Rica The national flower of
Costa Rica is the
guaria morada (
Guarianthe skinneri).
Cuba The national flower of
Cuba since 13 October 1936, is the
white ginger lily. Dominica The national flower of
Dominica is
Sabinea carinalis, commonly known as Carib wood or
Bois Caraibe.
Dominican Republic The
Dominican Republic's national flower was originally the flower of the
caoba (West Indian mahogany tree,
Swietenia mahagoni). In 2011, the mahogany was instead dubbed the
national tree, vacating the national flower spot for the
Bayahíbe rose (
Leuenbergeria quisqueyana) in order to bring attention to its conservation.
El Salvador The national flower of
El Salvador is the , of the
Yucca gigantea.
Guatemala The national flower of
Guatemala is the
monja blanca (
Lycaste skinneri var.
alba).
Haiti '', the national flower of Haiti The national flower of
Haiti is the
Choeblack or
rose kayenn (
Hibiscus).
Honduras The national flower of
Honduras is the orchid
Rhyncholaelia digbyana.
Jamaica The national flower of
Jamaica is the lignum vitae (
Guaiacum officinale).
Nicaragua The national flower of
Nicaragua is known as the sacuanjoche (
Plumeria rubra), which grows on a conical tree that flowers around May. Sacuanjoche flowers are most fragrant at night in order to lure
sphinx moths to pollinate them. The flowers have no nectar, and simply dupe their pollinators.
Oceania Australia The golden wattle (
Acacia pycnantha) was officially proclaimed the floral emblem of
Australia on 1 September 1988.
Fiji The national flower of
Fiji is
tagimaucia (
Medinilla waterhousei), a vine with red and white flowers endemic to the highlands of the island of
Taveuni.
French Polynesia The
Tahitian gardenia (tiare flower) is the national flower of
Tahiti,
French Polynesia, and the
Cook Islands.
New Zealand New Zealand does not have an official national flower, but the
silver fern (foliage) is acknowledged as its national emblem. The
kōwhai (
Sophora spp., native trees with yellow cascading flowers) is usually regarded as the national flower. Other plant emblems are
koru (a curled fern symbol) and the crimson-flowered
pōhutukawa (
Metrosideros excelsa), also called New Zealand's Christmas tree.
Tonga The
heilala (
Garcinia sessilis) is
Tonga's national flower. The name of Tonga's beauty pageant, the Heilala Festival, is taken from this flower. Resorts as well as consumer products are also often named after this flower, such as the Heilala Lodge and Heilala Vanilla. The flower is also used in Tonga for medicinal and ornamental purposes.
South America Argentina The national flower of
Argentina is the flower of the
ceibo tree (
Erythrina crista-galli), also known as
seibo or
bucaré.
Bolivia Bolivia has two national flowers: the
kantuta (
Cantua buxifolia) and
patujú (
Heliconia rostrata).
Brazil Brazil has no official national flower. It is popularly considered to be the flower of the golden trumpet tree (
Handroanthus chrysotrichus; ) – so much so that multiple proposals have been put forth over the last 70 years to recognize it officially. However, for various reasons, none have ever been voted on by
Congress to be ratified.
Chile The national flower of
Chile is the
copihue (
Lapageria rosea).
Colombia Cattleya trianae is the national flower of
Colombia Peru The national flower of
Peru is
Cantua buxifolia (, also spelled
kantuta or
qantuta, from
Quechua ).
Venezuela The national flower of
Venezuela is the
Flor de Mayo (
Cattleya mossiae), an orchid. ==Subnational plants==