Brazil The president of Brazil
Jair Bolsonaro of the country's
Liberal Party has been described as a leading new nationalist. Bolsonaro's ideology and policies have been heavily influenced by his adviser, nationalist thinker
Olavo de Carvalho.
China Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping's concept of "
Chinese Dream" has been described as an expression of new nationalism. His form of nationalism stresses pride in the historic Chinese civilisation, embracing the teachings of
Confucius and other ancient Chinese sages, and thus rejecting the
anti-Confucius campaign of
Party chairman Mao Zedong.
New Confucian scholar Chen Ming has described the shift in ideology of the Chinese Communist Party, as "from the vanguard party of the proletarian to the vanguard party of the Chinese nation", and "from Communist utopia to the national rejuvenation of the Chinese
Minzu".
Egypt Egyptian President
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (assumed office in 2014), and
Nation's Future Party has been described as a new nationalist.
Hungary Hungarian Prime Minister
Viktor Orbán (assumed office in 2010), the leader of the ruling
Fidesz party, has been described as a new nationalist. organisation to which the BJP is aligned with, which has also been said to advocate a neo-nationalist ideology. Modi's nationalist campaigns have been directed by BJP strategist
Amit Shah, who currently serves as the Indian Home Minister (assumed office in 2019), and has been touted as a potential successor to Modi as Prime Minister.
Yogi Adityanath, Chief Minister of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (assumed office in 2017), has also been identified as a neo-nationalist. He has also been touted as a future Prime Minister of the country.
Israel Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu (assumed office from 2009 to 2021), the leader of the
Likud party, has been described both as promoting new nationalism, and as pursuing a foreign policy of close ties with other new nationalist leaders, including Trump, Orbán, Salvini, Putin, Modi, Bolsonaro, Duterte and Sisi. In 2019, Netanyahu has forged a political alliance with the ultranationalist
Union of Right-Wing Parties.
Italy Italian Prime Minister
Giuseppe Conte (assumed office in 2018), head of the populist coalition
Government of Change, and in particular former Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister and the
League's leader
Matteo Salvini (2018–2019), were often described as new nationalists. While in office, Salvini was described by some media outlets as the most powerful politician in the country, and a "de facto prime minister". In August 2019, Salvini filed a motion of no confidence in the coalition government, asking new election to take "full powers", but Conte formed a
new government between
Five Star Movement (M5S) and
Democratic Party (PD). At the head of this new cabinet, Conte toned down his neo-nationalist rhetoric. In the
2022 Italian general election, the neo-nationalist
Brothers of Italy emerged as the most voted party and its leader,
Giorgia Meloni, became the new prime minister on 22 October 2022, at the head of what it was described as the most right-wing government in Italy since 1945.
Japan The 63rd Prime Minister
Shinzō Abe (assumed office from 2012 to 2020), a member of the far-right organisation
Nippon Kaigi, promoted ideas of new nationalism, as did the
Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, which he led.
Mexico Mexican President
Andrés Manuel López Obrador (assumed office in 2018) has been described as neo-nationalist and often dubbed as "Mexican Donald Trump" by the media.
Pakistan Former Pakistani prime minister
Imran Khan (2018–2022), the leader of the then-ruling
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Pakistan Movement for Justice) was compared to
Donald Trump and described as a neo-nationalist populist during his tenure.
Philippines Philippine President
Rodrigo Duterte (assumed office in 2016) has been described as a new nationalist. His party
PDP-Laban has adopted Filipino nationalism as a platform.
Poland Confederation is a main political coalition in Poland that promotes new nationalism, especially the
National Movement. There is also a neofascist and National Radical
Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski that promotes harshly anti-globalist, anti-immigrant and anti-liberal agenda.
Russia President of Russia
Vladimir Putin (second President of Russia from 2000 to 2008 and fourth President of Russia from 2012) has been labelled a new nationalist.
Russian nationalist thinker
Aleksandr Dugin in particular has had influence over the Kremlin, serving as an adviser to key members of the ruling
United Russia party, including now-
SVR Director
Sergey Naryshkin. Russia has been accused of supporting new nationalist movements across the Western World.
Saudi Arabia The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia,
Mohammad bin Salman (assumed office in 2017), has been described by Kristin Diwan of
The Arab Gulf States Institute as being attached to a "strong new nationalism". The "new Saudi nationalism" has been used to bolster support for the Kingdom's economic and foreign policies, and represents a shift away from the Kingdom's earlier dependence on religion for legitimacy. Many of the country's foreign policy actions from 2017 onwards, such as its
blockade of Qatar and its
diplomatic dispute with Canada have been described as motivated by this nationalism. The policies of Mohammad bin Salman's administration have been heavily influenced by his adviser
Saud al-Qahtani, who has been described as a "nationalist ideologue" and whose role has been compared to that formerly of
Steve Bannon.
Turkey In 2014,
Mustafa Akyol wrote of a new "brand of Turkish neonationalism" promoted by
Justice and Development Party (AKP), the country's ruling party, whose leader is President
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (assumed office in 2014).
Devlet Bahçeli, the leader of the
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), has been described as creating a "new nationalist front" by forming the
People's Alliance with Erdoğan's AKP in 2018. The MHP is affiliated with the
Grey Wolves paramilitary organisation, which Erdoğan has also expressed support for.
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates, under the leadership of Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi
Mohammed bin Zayed (assumed office in 2004), has been described as propagating a "new
Arab nationalism", which replaces the older, leftist form of the Arab nationalist ideology with a more conservative form, through its strong support for the rise of the respective new leaders of Egypt and Saudi Arabia, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and Prince Mohammad bin Salman, as a means of countering Iranian and Turkish influence in the Arab states.
United Kingdom The
23 June 2016 referendum in the United Kingdom to leave the European Union ("
Brexit") has been described as a milestone of neo-nationalism.
Owen Matthews noted similarities in motives for support of the Brexit movement and Donald Trump in the United States. He wrote in
Newsweek that supporters of both are motivated by "a yearning to control immigration, reverse globalization and restore national greatness by disengaging from the wide, threatening world". Matt O'Brien wrote of the Brexit as "the most shocking success for the new nationalism sweeping the Western world". Leaders of the Brexit campaign, such as
Nigel Farage, the former leader of the eurosceptic
UK Independence Party (now of
Reform UK); London Mayor (now former prime minister and Conservative Party leader)
Boris Johnson;
Vote Leave Co-Convenor
Michael Gove; former
Brexit Secretary David Davis; and
European Research Group chairman
Jacob Rees-Mogg, have been called "new nationalists".
United States Donald Trump's rise to the
Republican candidacy in 2016 was widely described as a sign of growing new nationalism in the United States. The appointment of
Steve Bannon, the executive of
Breitbart News (later cofounding
The Movement), as White House Chief Strategist, was described by one analyst as arousal of a "
new world order, driven by patriotism and a fierce urge to look after your own, a neo-nationalism that endlessly smears Muslims and strives to turn back the clock on free trade and globalization, a world where military might counts for far more than diplomacy and compromise". In the wake of Trump's election, U.S. Senator
Marco Rubio has called for the Republican Party to embrace a "new nationalism" to oppose "economic elitism that has replaced a commitment to the dignity of work with a blind faith in financial markets and that views America simply as an economy instead of a nation."
People The following politicians have all been described in some way as being neo-nationalists:
Africa •
Ibrahim Traoré,
President of Burkina Faso (2022–) •
Muhammadu Buhari,
President of Nigeria (2015–2023) •
Hamid Chabat, former mayor of
Fez (2003–2015) and leader of the Moroccan
Istiqlal Party •
Uhuru Kenyatta, President of Kenya (assumed office in 2013) and leader of the
Jubilee Party of Kenya •
Pieter Groenewald, Leader of the
Freedom Front Plus and member of
South African National Assembly •
Julius Malema, President of the
Economic Freedom Fighters and member of South African National Assembly •
Herman Mashaba, mayor of
Johannesburg (2016–2019) and ex-member of the
Democratic Alliance •
John Magufuli,
President of Tanzania (2015–2021) •
Isaias Afwerki,
President of Eritrea (1993–)
Americas •
Jair Bolsonaro,
President of Brazil (2019–2023) and former member of the
Social Liberal Party. •
Olavo de Carvalho, Brazilian political pundit and journalist. •
Chi Hyun Chung, presidential candidate of
2019 Bolivian general election •
Luis Fernando Camacho, Governor of
Santa Cruz (2021–2024) •
Maxime Bernier, MP, 2017 candidate for the
leadership of the Conservative Party of Canada and leader of the
People's Party of Canada •
Nayib Bukele, former mayor of
San Salvador (2015–2018) and
President of El Salvador (2019–) •
Horacio Cartes, former president of Paraguay (2013–2018) and candidate from the
Colorado Party •
Andrés Chadwick, Interior Minister of Chile (2012–2014; 2018–2019) and member of the
Independent Democratic Union •
Juan Orlando Hernández,
President of Honduras (2014–2022) and candidate from the
National Party of Honduras •
José Antonio Kast, Member of the
Chamber of Deputies of Chile (2002–2018), independent presidential candidate in the
2017 presidential election, right-wing presidential candidate in the
2021 presidential election and leader of
Republican Party •
François Legault, Premier of Quebec (2018–) and leader of the Canadian
Coalition Avenir Québec •
Kellie Leitch, MP and 2017 candidate for the
leadership of the Conservative Party of Canada •
Iván Duque Márquez,
President of Colombia (2018–2022) and candidate from the
Democratic Center •
Jimmy Morales, President of Guatemala (2016–2020) and candidate from the
National Convergence Front •
Alejandro Giammattei,
President of Guatemala (2020–2024) •
Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz,
2018 and
2022 presidential candidate •
Juan Diego Castro Fernández, 2018 Costa Rican presidential candidate. •
Rodrigo Chaves Robles,
President of Costa Rica. •
Andrés Manuel López Obrador,
President of Mexico (2018–2024) and founder of the
National Regeneration Movement. •
Marco Rubio, U.S. Senator from Florida and member of the Republican Party. •
Steve Bannon, American political figure, former White House Chief Strategist and former executive chairman of
Breitbart News. •
Tucker Carlson, American political commentator and former host for
Fox News. •
Josh Hawley, U.S. Senator from Missouri and member of the Republican Party •
Nicolás Maduro, President of Venezuela and leader of the
PSUV •
Daniel Ortega,
President of Nicaragua •
Elise Stefanik, U.S. representative from New York and member of the Republican Party •
Marjorie Taylor Greene, former U.S. representative from Georgia and member of the Republican Party •
Lauren Boebert, U.S. representative from Colorado and member of the Republican Party •
Mary Miller, U.S. representative from Illinois and member of the Republican Party •
Matt Gaetz, U.S. representative from Florida and member of the Republican Party •
Keiko Fujimori, former
First Lady of Peru, presidential candidate in 2011, 2016, and 2021
Asia-Pacific •
Tony Abbott, former prime minister of Australia (2013–2015) and former leader of the
Liberal Party of Australia •
Xi Jinping,
Paramount leader of China (2012–) and
General Secretary of the
Chinese Communist Party. •
Kim Jong-un,
Supreme Leader of North Korea (2011–) and
general secretary of the
Workers' Party of Korea •
Khaltmaagiin Battulga,
President of Mongolia (2017–2021) and candidate of the Mongolian
Democratic Party •
Prayut Chan-o-cha, former
Prime Minister of Thailand (2014–2023) and prime ministerial candidate of the
Phalang Pracharat Party in the
2019 general election •
Peter Dutton,
Leader of the Opposition (2022–),
Minister for Defence (2021–2022),
Minister for Home Affairs (2018–2021) and member of the
Liberal Party of Australia •
Park Geun-hye, former president of South Korea (2013–2017) and former leader of the
Saenuri Party •
Hong Jun-pyo, former leader of the
Liberty Korea Party and candidate in the
2017 presidential election •
Bongbong Marcos President of the Philippines (2022–) •
Narendra Modi,
Prime Minister of India (2014–) and member of the
Bharatiya Janata Party. •
Shinzō Abe, former prime minister of Japan (2006–2007, 2012–2020) and former leader of the
Liberal Democratic Party (2006–2007, 2012–2020). •
Tarō Asō, Deputy Prime Minister of Japan (2012–2021) and Minister of Finance (2012–2021) •
Imran Khan,
Prime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022) and leader of
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf •
Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines (2016–2022) and leader of
PDP–Laban. •
Winston Peters, former deputy prime minister of New Zealand (2017–2020) and leader of
New Zealand First •
Najib Razak, former prime minister of Malaysia (2009–2018) and former leader of
Barisan Nasional and the
United Malays National Organisation •
Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–2023) and leader of the
Cambodian People's Party •
Prabowo Subianto, President of Indonesia (2024–present), Defense Minister of Indonesia (2019–2024) and leader of the
Great Indonesia Movement Party •
Abdulla Yameen, former president of the Maldives (2013–2018) and leader of the
Progressive Party of Maldives •
Pauline Hanson, leader of
One Nation •
Min Aung Hlaing, leader of the
Tatmadaw and
Chairman of the State Administration Council •
Lukar Jam Atsok,
Sikyong candidate for the
Central Tibetan Administration.
Europe •
Sebastian Kurz, former Chancellor of Austria (2017–2019, 2020–2021) and former leader of the
Austrian People's Party •
Heinz-Christian Strache, former Vice Chancellor of Austria (2017–2019) and former leader of the
Freedom Party of Austria •
Theo Francken, member of the Belgian
Chamber of Representatives and former Secretary of State for Asylum, member of
N-VA. •
Mischaël Modrikamen, Belgian politician and lawyer, former leader of the
People's Party and former executive director of
The Movement •
Tomislav Karamarko, Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia (2016) and former leader of the
Croatian Democratic Union •
Boyko Borisov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2009–2013, 2014–2021) and leader of
GERB •
Krasimir Karakachanov, Defence Minister of Bulgaria, leader of
IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement and spokesperson for
United Patriots. •
Veselin Mareshki, Bulgarian businessman and leader of
Volya. •
Miloš Zeman,
President of the Czech Republic (2013–2023), former
Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002) and leader of the
Party of Civic Rights. •
Andrej Babiš, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2017–2021) and leader of
ANO 2011 •
Tomio Okamura, leader of the Czech
Freedom and Direct Democracy •
Kristian Thulesen Dahl, Former member of the
Folketing and former leader of the
Danish People's Party. •
Morten Messerschmidt, former MP in the
European Parliament, member of the
Folketing and current leader of the
Danish People's Party •
Mart Helme, Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister of Estonia (assumed office in 2019) and leader of the
Conservative People's Party of Estonia •
Jussi Halla-aho, Member of the
Finnish Parliament and leader of the
Finns Party. •
Marine Le Pen, leader of the French
National Rally and candidate in the
2017 presidential election •
Alexander Gauland, Member of the German
Bundestag and co-leader of
Alternative for Germany. •
Jörg Meuthen, Member of the German
Bundestag and co-leader of
Alternative for Germany. •
Alice Weidel, Member of the German
Bundestag and parliamentary leader of
Alternative for Germany. •
Adonis Georgiadis, Minister for Development and Investment of Greece and member of
New Democracy. •
Panos Kammenos, former Defence Minister of
Greece (2015–2019) and leader of the
Independent Greeks •
Georgios Karatzaferis, leader of
Popular Orthodox Rally •
Ilias Kasidiaris, Greek agronomist and former member of the Greek Parliament. •
Ioannis Lagos, Greek MEP and leader of the National People's Conscience. •
Nikos Michaloliakos, Greek mathematician and leader of the
Golden Dawn. •
Kyriakos Velopoulos, Greek television personality, politician and leader of the
Greek Solution party. •
Makis Voridis, Agricultural Development Minister of Greece (assumed office in 2019) and member of
New Democracy •
Failos Kranidiotis, Greek lawyer and leader of
New Right. •
Viktor Orbán,
Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002, 2010–) and leader of
Fidesz. •
Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, former prime minister of Iceland (2013–2016) and leader of the
Centre Party •
Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister of Italy (2022–) and leader of
Brothers of Italy. •
Matteo Salvini, Deputy Prime Minister of Italy (2018–2019, 2022–) and current leader of
League. •
Raivis Zeltīts, Latvian politician and Secretary General of
National Alliance. •
Rolandas Paksas, former prime minister and President of Lithuania, former leader of
Order and Justice. •
Nebojša Medojević, candidate in the
2008 Montenegrin presidential election and leader of
Movement for Changes. •
Geert Wilders, leader of the Dutch
Party for Freedom •
Thierry Baudet, member of the
House of Representatives and leader of
Forum for Democracy. •
Janusz Korwin-Mikke, Polish politician, philosopher, writer, former member of the European Parliament and leader of
Confederation. •
Victor Ponta, former prime minister of Romania (2012–2015) and former leader of the
Social Democratic Party •
Vladimir Putin, President of Russia, former prime minister of Russia and leader of
United Russia. •
Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia and leader of
Direction-Social Democracy •
Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia and leader of the
Slovenian Democratic Party •
Santiago Abascal, former member of
Basque Parliament, and leader of
VOX. •
Pablo Casado, Spanish
opposition leader and President of
People's Party •
Jimmie Åkesson, Member of the Swedish
Riksdag and leader of the
Sweden Democrats. •
Christoph Blocher, former member of the
Swiss Federal Council and former vice president of the
Swiss People's Party. •
Gerard Batten, Deputy leader of the
UK Independence Party, former Member of the European Parliament and former leader of the UK Independence Party. •
Christian Tybring-Gjedde,
Progress Party Member of
Norwegian Parliament Middle East •
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi,
President of Egypt (2014–) and former Minister of Defence (2012–2014). •
Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999, 2009–2021, 2022–) and leader of
Likud. •
Naftali Bennett,
Prime Minister of Israel (2021–2022), former Israeli Minister of Education, former leader of
The Jewish Home and current member of
New Right. •
Khalifa Haftar, commander of the
Libyan National Army (assumed office in 2015) •
Tamim bin Hamad,
Emir of Qatar (2013–) •
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan,
President of Turkey (2014–), former
Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014) and leader of the
Justice and Development Party. •
Mohammad bin Salman,
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (2017–) and Deputy Prime Minister. •
Saud al-Qahtani, Saudi Arabian consultant and former Royal Court Advisor. •
Devlet Bahçeli, former Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and leader of the
Nationalist Movement Party. •
Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of the United Arab Emirates. •
Bashar al-Assad,
President of Syria (2000–2024). •
Mohammed Dahlan, Palestinian politician and advisor of Crown Prince
Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Parties The following parties have all been described in some way as being neo-nationalist parties:
Africa •
Economic Freedom Fighters •
Freedom Front Plus •
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (Burundi) •
ZANU-PF Americas •
Republican Party (United States), especially the
Trumpist wing •
Communist Party of Cuba •
Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006) •
Republican Party (Chile, 2019) •
United Socialist Party of Venezuela Asia-Pacific •
Chinese Communist Party •
Communist Party of Vietnam •
Kuomintang •
Gerindra Party •
Lao People's Revolutionary Party •
Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) •
One Nation in Australia
Europe •
Alternative for Germany • The
Danish People's Party, which provided parliamentary support for the centre-right governing coalition led by
Venstre Party (2001–2011, 2015–2019) • The Dutch
Party for Freedom • The
National Alliance, a member of the
governing coalition in Latvia (since 2016) • The
Slovak National Party, a member of the
governing coalition in Slovakia (2016–2020) • The
Sweden Democrats • The
Swiss People's Party, a member of the
governing coalition in Switzerland (since 1929) • The
Reform UK • The Flemish
Vlaams Belang • The Norwegian
Progress Party == See also ==