carnival 2013 Salvador Bahia. Salvador's historical and cultural aspects were inherited by the intermarriage of such ethnic groups as Native-Indian, African and European. This mixture can be seen in the religion, cuisine, cultural manifestations, and custom of Bahia's people. African cultural practices are particularly celebrated. in
Barra neighborhood|alt=
Literature preservationist project conducted by nonprofit
CyArk.
Gregório de Mattos, born in Salvador in 1636, was also educated by the Jesuits. He became the most important
Baroque poet in colonial Brazil for his religious and satirical works.
Father António Vieira was born in Lisbon in 1608, but was raised and educated in the Jesuit school of Salvador and died in the city in 1697. His erudite
sermons have earned him the title of best writer of the
Portuguese language in the Baroque era. After the
Independence of Brazil (1822), Salvador continued to play an important role in Brazilian literature. Significant 19th-century writers associated with the city include
Romantic poet
Castro Alves (1847–1871) and diplomat
Ruy Barbosa (1849–1923). In the 20th century, Bahia-born
Jorge Amado (1912–2001), although not born in Salvador, helped popularize the culture of the city around the world in novels such as
Jubiabá,
Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos, and
Tenda dos Milagres, the settings of which are in Salvador.
Cuisine is a traditional street food in Salvador.|alt= The local cuisine, spicy and based on seafood (shrimp, fish), strongly relies on typically African ingredients and techniques, and is much appreciated throughout Brazil and internationally. The most typical ingredient is
azeite-de-dendê, an oil extracted from a palm tree (
Elaeis guineensis) brought from
West Africa to Brazil during colonial times. Using the milky
coconut juice, they prepared a variety of
seafood based dishes, such as Ensopados, Moquecas and Escabeche. The
sugar cane bagasse was mixed with molasses and Rapadura, in the creation of coconut desserts like Cocada Branca and Preta. The remaining of the Portuguese Stew sauce was mixed with
manioc flour to make a mush, which is a traditional Indian dish. In the markets of Salvador, it is possible to find stands selling typical dishes of the colonial era. In the Sete Portas Market, customers eat Mocotó on Friday nights since the 1940s, when the market was inaugurated. In the restaurants of
Mercado Modelo, Sarapatel, stews and several fried dishes are served regularly. In the São Joaquim, Santa Bárbara and São Miguel markets, there are stands selling typical food. They are also sold at stands located on the beaches, specially crab stews and oysters. The restaurants that sell typical dishes are located mostly along the coast and in Pelourinho. They prepare a wide variety of recipes that take
palm tree oil. Traditional dishes include
caruru,
vatapá,
acarajé,
bobó-de-camarão,
moqueca baiana, and
abará. Some of these dishes, like the acarajé and abará, are also used as offerings in
Candomblé rituals. But Salvador is not only typical food. Other recipes created by the slaves were the Haussá Rice (rice and jerked
beef cooked together), the Munguzá, used as offering to the Candomblé deity Oxalá (who is the father of all deities, according to the religion) pleased the matrons very much. So did the Bolinhos the Fubá, the Cuscuz (cornmeal) and the Mingau (porridge). According to Arany Santana, the African Ipetê (used in the
rituals to the deity
Oxum) became the
Shrimp bobó, and the Akará (honoring the deities Xangô and Iansã) became the world-famous Acarajé. The city has restaurants specialized on international cuisine also. There are also places that serve dishes from other states of
Brazil, especially from
Minas Gerais and the
Northeast region.
Capoeira in Salvador
Capoeira is a unique mix of
dance and
martial art of Afro-Brazilian origin, combining agile dance moves with unarmed combat techniques. Capoeira in Portuguese literally means "chicken coop". The capoeira appeared in
Quilombo dos Palmares, located in the Captaincy of
Pernambuco, and Salvador is considered the home of modern capoeira branches. In the first half of the 20th century, Salvador-born masters
Mestre Bimba and
Mestre Pastinha founded capoeira schools and helped standardize and popularize the art in Brazil and the world. In recent years, Capoeira has become more international and accessible even in Salvador.
Museums . The artistic, cultural and social heritage of Salvador is preserved in museums. From Museu de Arte da Bahia (MAB), which is the oldest in the State, to Museu Náutico, the newest, the first capital of Brazil displays unique elements of history. Museu de Arte da Bahia has paintings, Chinese porcelain, furniture and sacred images from the 17th and 18th centuries. Museu Costa Pinto has privately owned items such as, pieces of art, crystal objects, and furniture from the 18th and 19th centuries. Museu da Cidade, where many items that help to preserve the heritage of old Salvador are kept. The
Museum of Modern Art of Bahia, established in 1960, is located at a historic site on the Bay of All Saints,
Solar da União. Some
churches and
monasteries also have museums located in their premises. Examples of this are the Carmo da Misericórdia and São Bento museums. After the forts were renovated, Museu Náutico was established in the Forte de Santo Antonio da Barra (Farol da Barra) and the Museum of Communication in Forte São Diogo. Other important museums located in Salvador are: Museu do Cacau, State Museum of Geology, Museu tempostal, Solar do Ferrão, Museu de Arte Antiga e Popular Henriqueta M Catharino, Museu Eugênio Teixeira Leal,
Museu Rodin Bahia, and Museu das Portas do Carmo.
Public art The streets of Salvador are decorated with numerous murals and sculptures, many of which have been produced by the resident artist
Bel Borba, a native of the city.
Carnival in
Barra –
Ondina Circuit, on
Oceanic Avenue The
Bahian Carnival () is the largest party on the planet. Its dimensions are gigantic. For an entire week, almost 4 million people celebrate throughout of streets, avenues, and squares. The direct organization of the party involves the participation of over 100,000 people and Salvador receives an average of over 800,000 visitors. The affair is heavily policed and covered. Streets are patrolled by lines of police in single file and guarded by seated teams of five or six officers. In 2010, coverage was provided by 4,446 journalists from the local, national, and international press and broadcast to 135 countries through 65
radio stations, 75
magazines, 139 video productions, 97
newspapers (including 21 international papers), 14
tv stations, and 168
websites. Much of the music played is
axé or
samba-reggae. Groups known as '
participate, with the most famous being the ' such as Malé Debalé, Olodum, and Filhos de Gandhi. The parades are organized into separate circuits. The Osmar Circuit, the oldest, goes from Campo Grande to
Castro Alves Square. The Downtown Circuit runs through downtown and . The Dodô Circuit goes from Farol da
Barra to
Ondina along the coast. Since the Osmar Circuit is the oldest, it is where the event's most traditional groups parade. In Dodô, where the artist box seats are located, the party becomes lively toward the end of the afternoon and continues until morning.
Music is an instrument with four, five or six strings, created in Salvador - Bahia. The city of Salvador is home to groups known as "blocos-afros", including
Ilê Aiyê,
Olodum and
Timbalada, where they represent, in their visual and musical figures, African indoles, who are based in the city of Salvador in the historical ethnicity due to colonization and success the
Axé. Xisto Bahia from Salvador recorded the song
Isto É Bom in 1902; many Brazilian music specialists consider this the first song ever recorded in Brazil. Black Bahia Funk Balls play more American music—including English music—than their counterparts in
Rio, while Rio's music is considered inferior and less played. The local dancehalls which host the balls are also distinct. Matrix Radio, which includes difficult and otherwise impossible to find music of Salvador and Bahia and which consists of music formerly available in Cana Brava Records, formerly located in Salvador's Centro Histórico (Pelourinho), was named by British journal The Guardian as one of "10 of the best music radio stations around the world". Matrix Radio is part of a broader project called the Matrix Online Network, a "matrix" in the word's original sense of "source", created to make the music and musicians of Bahia accessible within a global network of artists and creators. The Matrix Online Network is a continuing extension of the Cana Brava record store's focus on preserving Bahian musical culture.
Libraries The first books that arrived in Salvador, were brought by the
Jesuits, who came with Tomé de Souza. The first libraries or bookstores that appeared were under the control of the religious missionaries and were mostly composed of books on religion.
Handcrafts The handcraft legacy of Bahia using only raw materials (
straw,
leather,
clay,
wood,
seashells and
beads), the most rudimentary crafts are reasonably inexpensive. Other pieces are created with the use of metals like
gold,
silver,
copper and
brass. The most sophisticated ones are ornamented with precious and semi-precious gems. The craftsmen and women generally choose religion as the main theme of their work. They portray the images of Catholic saints and Candomble deities on their pieces. The good luck charms such as the clenched fist, the four-leaf clover, the garlic and the famous Bonfim ribbons express the city's religious syncretism. Nature is also portrayed on these pieces, reflecting the local
wildlife. Music appears in the atabaque drums, the rain sticks, the water drums and the famous berimbau, along with other typical instruments. Salvador holds an international reputation as a city where musical instruments that produce unique sounds are made. These instruments are frequently used by world-famous artists in their recording sessions. The main handcrafts production in Salvador is located in
Mercado Modelo, which is the biggest handcraft center in
Latin America. Pieces can also be purchased at Instituto de Artesanato de Mauá and at Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural (IPAC). These are organizations that promote typical art in
Bahia. ==Transportation==