Agriculture . The main agricultural
products grown are: •
coffee (85% of the country's production, which is the world's largest producer); •
sugarcane (65% of the country's production, which is the world's largest producer); •
orange (85% of the country's production, which is the world's largest producer); •
lemon (80% of the country's production, which is the fifth largest producer in the world); •
peanut (90% of the country's production, which is the 14th largest producer in the world); •
banana (35% of the country's production, which is the seventh largest producer in the world); •
sorghum (30% of national production, the country being the seventh largest producer); •
persimmon (70% of national production, the country being the 6th largest producer in the world); •
tomato (44% of national production, the country being the 10th largest producer); •
tangerine (60% of national production, the country being the 6th largest producer in the world); •
papaya (40% of national production, the country being the 2nd largest producer in the world); •
pineapple (27% of national production, the country being the 3rd world producer); •
cassava (13% of national production, the country being the 5th world producer). The region still produces considerable amounts of: •
bean (more than 20% of national production, the country being the 3rd world producer); •
soy (7% of the country's production, which is the largest producer in the world); •
potato,
carrot and
strawberry (more than 50% of the country's production).
Livestock The
livestock also has great prominence in the region. The Southeast is the second national producer of
milk, with 34.2%, slightly losing compared to the South Region, which produces 35.7%. The southeast has the largest herd of cows milked: 30.4% of the total of 17.1 million existing in Brazil. The highest productivity, however, is that of the Southern Region, with an average of 3,284 liters per cow per year, which is why it has led the milk production ranking since 2015. Minas Gerais is the main milk-producing state in Brazil with the largest it is also effective for milked cows, responsible for 26.6% of production and 20.0% of all animals in milk. The municipality of Patos de Minas was the second largest producer in 2017, with 191.3 million liters of milk. Poultry farming and egg production are the most important in the country. Flocks of poultry, according to IBGE, include chickens, roosters, hens and chicks. In 2018, the South region, with an emphasis on the creation of chickens for slaughter, was responsible for almost half of the Brazilian total (46.9%). Paraná only represented 26.2%. However, the situation is reversed when it comes to chickens. The first region in the ranking was the Southeast, with 38.9% of the country's total capital. A total of 246.9 million hens was estimated for 2018. The state of São Paulo was responsible for 21.9%. The national production of chicken eggs was 4.4 billion dozen in 2018. The Southeast region was responsible for 43.8% of the total produced. The state of São Paulo was the largest national producer (25.6%), with a total of 16.8 million birds. The Southeast is responsible for 64%, highlighting São Paulo (24.6%) and Espírito Santo (21.0%).
Mining In mineral production, in 2017, Minas Gerais was the country's largest producer of
iron (277 million tons worth R $37.2 billion),
gold (29.3 tons for a value of R $3.6 billion),
zinc (400 thousand tons for a value of R $351 million) and
niobium (in the form of hydrochloride) (131 thousand tons for a value of R $254 million). In addition, Minas was the second largest producer of
aluminum (
bauxite) (1.47 million tons at a value of R $105 million), third of
manganese (296 thousand tons to a value of R $32 million) and 5th of
tin (206 tons worth R $4.7 million). Minas Gerais had 47.19% of the value of the production of minerals marketed in Brazil (first place), with R $41.7 billion. The state has the largest production of various gemstones in the country. In
aquamarine, Minas Gerais produces the most valuable stones in the world. In
diamond, Brazil was the world's largest producer of diamonds from 1730 to 1870, mining occurred for the first time in the
Serra da Canastra, region of
Diamantina, even lowering the price of stone in everyone due to excess production. Minas Gerais continues to extract diamonds, in addition to having larger or smaller scale productions of
agate,
emerald,
garnet,
jasper,
amethyst, and
sapphire.
Topaz and
tourmaline stand out. Imperial Topaz, a valued variety of topaz, is only found in
Ouro Preto. Brazil is the world's leading producer of topaz. It is also one of the world's largest tourmaline producers.
Industry main
refinery producing
oil, located in
Paulínia,
São Paulo. developed by
company Embraer which has its headquarters in
São José dos Campos, inland of
São Paulo . in São Paulo In the Southeast region, the industrialization of the country began, making the transformation industry the main source of income and work in its states. The state of São Paulo became the largest industrial park in South America. The Southeast Region has 53% of the industrial GDP of Brazil. The main industrial activities in the region are: •
Iron and steel industry and
metallurgy: It's in this region that the first industry of this type is located, the
Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, in the city of
Volta Redonda, due to its proximity to a large area of iron mining, the so-called "iron quadrilateral", in the state of Minas Gerais. The
Usiminas, in
Ipatinga, which today is the largest crude steel producer in the country, and the Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão, in Vitória, Espírito Santo, are also installed in the region. The Southeast Region produces around 90% of the country's steel. In Brazil, the automobile sector represents around 22% of industrial GDP. The Greater ABC Region, in São Paulo, is the first center and the largest automobile center in Brazil. When the country's manufacturing was practically restricted to ABC, the State represented 74.8% of Brazilian production in 1990. In 2017, this index decreased to 46.6%, and in 2019, to 40.1%, due to a phenomenon of internalization of the production of vehicles in Brazil, driven by factors such as unions, which made excessive labor and payroll charges, discouraged investment and favored the search for new cities. The development of the ABC cities helped curb appeal, due to rising real estate costs and higher density of residential areas. Sul Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro) was already the second largest pole in 2017, but in 2019 it fell to fourth place, behind Paraná (15%) and Minas Gerais (10.7%). In the Southeast there are factories of GM, Volkswagen, Fiat, Ford, Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz, Land Rover, Citroen / Peugeot, Scania and Iveco. In the production of
tractors, in 2017, the main manufacturers in Brazil were
John Deere,
New Holland,
Massey Ferguson,
Valtra,
Case IH and the Brazilian
Agrale. They all have factories in the southeast, basically in São Paulo. •
Petroleum: Almost all of Brazil's oil and natural gas is extracted in the Southeast, mainly in Rio de Janeiro, but also in Espírito Santo and São Paulo. Most of the oil refining is also carried out in the region. Rio de Janeiro presents great importance in oil prospecting, which São Paulo has a great importance in the refining activity, being located in that state the main refineries of the country, among them, the REPLAN, the main of the country. In addition to oil, there is the extraction of natural gas from the Santos maritime basin and, until a few years ago, there was the extraction of bitumen in the Paraíba river valley. • High technology: The so-called "Brazilian silicon valley" is located in that region, made up of the cities of
São Paulo,
São José dos Campos,
São Carlos and
Campinas. These four cities concentrate industries of
computing,
telecommunications,
electronics and other activities involving high technology; in addition to having important research centers and important
universities, such as the "Technological Institute of Aeronautics" - ITA, in São José dos Campos. Brazil has two large production centers for electronic products, located in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, in the State of São Paulo, and in the Manaus Free Trade Zone, in the State of Amazonas. There are large internationally renowned technology companies, as well as part of the industries that participate in their supply chain. The country also has other smaller centers, such as the municipalities of
São José dos Campos and
São Carlos, in the state of São Paulo. In Campinas there are industrial units of groups such as
General Electric,
Samsung,
HP and
Foxconn, a manufacturer of
Apple and
Dell. São José dos Campos, focuses on the aviation industry. This is where the headquarters of
Embraer, a Brazilian company that is the third largest aircraft manufacturer in the world, after Boeing and Airbus, is located. In the production of cell phones and other electronic products, Samsung produces in
Campinas; LG produces in
Taubaté; Flextronics, which produces Motorola cell phones, produces in
Jaguariúna; and Semp-TCL produces in
Cajamar. In Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais, 8 thousand jobs are linked to the sector, with more than 120 companies. Most produce equipment for the telecommunications industry, such as decoders, including those used in the transmission of the digital television system. In 2011, Brazil had the sixth largest
chemical industry in the world, with net sales of $157 billion, or 3.1% of world sales. At that time, there were 973 factories of chemical products for industrial use. They are concentrated in the Southeast Region, mainly in São Paulo. In 2018, the Brazilian chemical sector was the eighth largest in the world, representing 10% of the national industrial GDP and 2.5% of the total GDP. In 2020, imports will occupy 43% of domestic demand for chemical products. Since 2008, the average use of capacity in the Brazilian chemical industry has been at a level considered low, ranging between 70 and 83%. In
pharmaceutical Industry, most of the companies in Brazil have been established in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro for a long time. In 2019, the situation was that, due to the tax advantages offered in states such as Pernambuco, Goiás and Minas Gerais, companies were leaving RJ and SP and going to these states. In 2017, Brazil was considered the sixth largest pharmaceutical market in the world. Drug sales in pharmacies reached around R $57 billion (US$17.79 billion) in the country. The pharmaceutical market in Brazil had 241 regulated and authorized laboratories for the sale of medicines. Of these, the majority (60%) have national capital. Multinational companies had approximately 52.44% of the market, with 34.75% in commercialized packaging. Brazilian laboratories represent 47.56% of the market in sales and 65.25% in cases sold. In the distribution of drug sales by state, São Paulo ranked first: São Paulo's pharmaceutical industry had a turnover of R $53.3 billion, 76.8% of total sales throughout the country. The companies that benefited the most from the sale of drugs in the country in 2015 were
EMS,
Hypermarcas (NeoQuímica),
Sanofi (Medley),
Novartis,
Aché,
Eurofarma,
Takeda,
Bayer,
Pfizer and
GSK. In
food industry, in 2019, Brazil was the second largest exporter of processed foods in the world, with a value of US$34.1 billion in exports. The revenue of the Brazilian food and beverage industry in 2019 was R $699.9 billion, 9.7% of the country's gross domestic product. In 2015, the food and beverage industrial sector in Brazil comprised 34,800 companies (not counting bakeries), the vast majority of which were small. These companies employed more than 1,600,000 workers, making the food and beverage industry the largest employer in manufacturing. There are around 570 large companies in Brazil, which account for a good part of the industry's total income. São Paulo created companies such as: ,
Vigor,
Minerva Foods,
Bauducco,
Santa Helena,
Marilan,
Ceratti,
Fugini,
Chocolates Pan,
Embaré, among others. Minas Gerais created food companies of national importance such as
Itambé and
Pif Paf Alimentos. Espírito Santo created
Chocolates Garoto and Rio de Janeiro created
Piraquê and
Granfino. In the
Footwear industry, in 2019 Brazil produced 972 million pairs. Exports were around 10%, reaching almost 125 million pairs. Brazil ranks fourth among world producers, behind China, India and Vietnam, and 11th among the largest exporters. Of the pairs produced, 49% were made of plastic or rubber, 28.8% were made of synthetic laminate, and only 17.7% were made of leather. The largest pole in Brazil is in Rio Grande do Sul, but São Paulo has important shoe centers, such as the one in the city of
Franca, specialized in men's footwear, in the city of
Jaú, specialized in women's footwear and in the city of
Birigui, specialized in footwear. children. Jaú, Franca and Birigui represent 92% of footwear production in the state of São Paulo. Birigui has 350 companies, which generate around 13 thousand jobs, producing 45.9 million pairs per year. 52% of children's shoes in the country are produced in this city. From Birigui came most of the most famous children's shoe factories in the country. Jaú has 150 factories that produce around 130 thousand pairs of cheap women's shoes per day. The footwear sector in Franca has around 550 companies and employs about 20,000 employees. Most of the most famous men's shoe factories in the country come from São Paulo. Minas Gerais has a pole specialized in cheap shoes and shoes in
Nova Serrana. The city has around 830 industries, which in 2017 produced around 110 million pairs. However, overall, the Brazilian industry has been struggling to compete with Chinese footwear, which is priced unbeatable due to the difference in tax collection from one country to another, in addition to the absence of heavy Brazilian labor taxes in China, and the Brazilian businessman has had to invest in value-added products, combining quality and design, in order to survive. In
textile industry, Brazil, despite being among the 5 largest producers in the world in 2013, and being representative in the consumption of textiles and clothing, has very little insertion in world trade. In 2015, Brazilian imports ranked 25th (US$5.5 billion). And in exports, it was only 40th in the world ranking. Brazil's participation in the world trade of textiles and clothing is only 0.3%, due to the difficulty of competing in price with producers in India and mainly in China. The gross value of production, which includes the consumption of intermediate goods and services, of the Brazilian textile industry corresponded to almost R $40 billion in 2015, 1.6% of the gross value of industrial production in Brazil. São Paulo (37.4%) is the largest producer. The main productive areas of São Paulo are the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and Campinas. Minas Gerais has 8.51% (third largest production in the country). In home appliance industry, sales were 12.9 million units in 2017. The sector had its sales peak in 2012, with 18.9 million units. The brands that sold the most were Brastemp, Electrolux, Consul and Philips.
Brastemp is originally from
São Bernardo do Campo. São Paulo was also the place where
Metalfrio was founded.
Statistics Vehicles: 36,030,943 (Jan/2012);
Telephones: 23,878,000 (April/2007);
Cities: 1,668 (2007). ==Education==