• 801: Death of
Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya famous Arab Muslim saint and Sufi mystic. • 802: The Mecca Protocol: Caliph
Harun al-Rashid and the leading officials of the
Abbasid Caliphate perform the
hajj to
Mecca, where the line of succession is finalized. Harun's eldest son
al-Amin is named heir, but his second son
Abdallah al-Ma'mun is named as al-Amin's heir, and governor of
Khurasan. A third son,
al-Qasim, is added as third heir, and receives responsibility over the
frontier areas with the Byzantine empire. • 803: Downfall of the
Barmakids. Execution of
Ja'far ibn Yahya. Marriage of caliph
Harun al-Rashid and
Umm Muhammad bint Salih. • 805: Outbreak of revolt of
Rafi ibn al-Layth in Khurasan. • 806:
Harun al-Rashid leads a
huge campaign against the
Byzantines. • 809: Death of
Harun al-Rashid. Accession of
al-Amin. • 810:
Muhammad al-Taqi, the 9th
Shia Imam was born. • 811:
Abbasid Civil War:
Battle of Ray (811) in Persia. • 812, August:
Abbasid Civil War: the
Siege of Baghdad begins • 813, September:
Abbasid Civil War: the
Siege of Baghdad ends with the capture of the city by the forces of
al-Ma'mun and the death of
al-Amin • 813:
Tahir ibn Husayn appointed as Governor of Mosul by
Al-Ma'mun • 815:
Zaydi revolt under
Abu'l-Saraya in Iraq.
Harthama ibn A'yan quells the revolt. • 816: Shi'a revolt in
Mecca; In
al-Andalus the
Umayyads capture the island of
Corsica.
Harthama ibn A'yan is executed. • 818:
Ali al-Rida dies in
Mashhad.
Muhammad al-Taqi becomes
Imam. The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of
Ibiza,
Mallorca, and
Sardinia. • 820:
Tahir ibn Husayn, Caliph al-Ma'mun appointed Tahir as Governor of Khorasan. In 820
Abdallah ibn Tahir was appointed governor of Syria. • 822: Death of
al-Hakam I in Spain; accession of
Abd ar-Rahman II. • 822: Death of Tahir in Khurasan.
Talha was appointed Governor by Al-Ma'mun in 822. Jafar ibn al-Mu'tasim (future
Al-Mutawakkil) born in Baghdad. • ca. 825: Establishment of the
Emirate of Crete. • 826:
Abdallah ibn Tahir, appointed as Governor of Egypt. • 827:
Ali al-Hadi, the 10th
Shia Imam is born. Ma'mun declares the
Mu'tazili creed as the state religion. Beginning of the
Muslim conquest of Sicily. • 828:
Abdallah ibn Tahir appointed as Governor of Khorasan by Al-Ma'mun in 828. • 833:
9 August— Death of Ma'mun. Accession of
al-Mu'tasim. • 835:
Muhammad al-Taqi is poisoned.
Ali al-Hadi becomes
Imam. • 836: al-Mu'tasim moves the capital to
Samarra. • 837: Revolt of the
Jats. • 838: Revolt of
Babak Khorramdin in
Azarbaijan suppressed.
Sack of Amorium by al-Mu'tasim. Death of Abbasid prince
Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun. • 839: Revolt of
Mazyar in
Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South
Italy. Capture of the city of
Messina in
Sicily. • 842:
5 January— Death of al-Mu'tasim, accession of
al-Wathiq. Death of
Qaratis, mother of al-Wathiq in August 16, 842. • 843: Revolts of the Arabs. Unsuccessful Byzantine attempt to reconquer the
Emirate of Crete. • 845: Death of the
Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani Governor of
Khorasan. In 845 Abbasid caliph
Al-Wathiq appointed
Tahir ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir as governor of Khorasan. • 846:
Battle of Mauropotamos between Byzantines and Abbasids in Asia Minor. • 846:
Hasan al-Askari, the 11th
Shia Imam is born. • 847: Death of Wathiq, accession of
al-Mutawakkil. • 850: Al-Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy. • 852: Death of
Abd ar-Rahman II of Spain;. accession of
Muhammad I. • 856:
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Habbari was appointed as Governor of Sind by the Abbasid caliph
Al-Mutawakkil. On 23 February 856, there was an exchange of captives with the
Byzantine Empire. A second such exchange took place some four years later. • 858: Al-Mutawakkil founds the town of
Jafariya. • 861: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph
al-Mutawakkil; accession of
al-Muntasir and beginning of the "
Anarchy at Samarra". Birth of famous Arab poet and prince
Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz. • 862:
Abbasid conquest of Faruriyyah in Summer of 862. Al-Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of
al-Musta'in. • 863: The
Battle of Lalakaon breaks the power of the emirate of
Malatya. Start of the
Byzantine counter-offensive. • 864:
Zaydi state established in
Tabaristan by
Hasan ibn Zayd (
Alavids). • 866:
Abbasid Civil War: Al-Musta'in flees from Samarra, his deposition and accession of
al-Mu'tazz; Muhammad ibn Yusuf Al-
Ukhaidhir, a descendant of Ali, establishes an independent kingdom in
Yamamah. • 867:
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar founds the
Saffarid rule in
Sistan. • 868:
Ali al-Hadi is poisoned.
Hasan al-Askari becomes
Imam.
Muhammad al-Mahdi, the last
Imam of
shiite is born.
Ahmad ibn Tulun finds the
Tulunid rule in
Egypt. • 869: The Abbasid Caliph Mu'tazz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of
al-Muhtadi. Beginning of
Zanj Rebellion in
Basra. • 870: Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of
al-Mu'tamid. Fragmentation of Abbasid Empire into several autonomous dynasties like;
Samanid,
Saffarids,
Tulunids,
Sajid. • 871:
Bari is captured by
Louis II of Italy, ending the
Emirate of Bari. • 873:
Muhammad ibn Tahir, the governor of
Khorasan was overthrew by rebels. • 874:
Hasan al-Askari is poisoned.
Muhammad al-Mahdi becomes
Imam. Zanji state established at al-Muktara during the
Zanj Rebellion in South Iraq. Death of the
Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of
Nasr I. • 875: Death of Abbasid official,
Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Marwazi. Death of
Muhammad ibn Ahmad Abbasid vassal Emir of Ifriqiya. • 876:
April 8 –
Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul: Abbasid forces, led by
Al-Muwaffaq, halt a
Saffarid rebellion on the
River Tigris. The rebel
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth tries to capture the
Abbasid Caliphate's capital of
Baghdad, but he is forced, with his army, to retreat. • 877: Death of
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar in
Sistan, accession of
Amr bin Layth. • 878:
Fall of Syracuse to the Muslims. • 879:
Zanj Rebellion: The
Abbasid Caliphate concentrates its efforts against the
Zanj rebels in
Mesopotamia. The Abbasid general
Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad (future caliph
Al-Mu'tadid) leads an expeditionary force (10,000 men) to suppress the revolt. This marks the turning-point of the war. • 883: End of
Zanj Rebellion • 884: Abdullah ibn Umar al'Habbari (884-913) succeeded his father as ruler of
Sindh. His father Umar ended up creating a hereditary dynasty in Sindh because of
Anarchy at Samarra and
Fifth Fitna • 885: Death of
Ahmad ibn Tulun in Egypt, accession of
Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun. • 886: Death of
Muhammad I the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of
al-Mundhir. Death of
Abdullah ibn Umar the
Habbari ruler of
Sind. • 888: Death of Mundhir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of
Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi. • 891: The
Qarmatian state established at
Bahrain. • 892: Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tamid death.
al-Mu'tadid becomes Caliph. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of
Ismail I. • 893: Zaydi Imamate is established in Yemen by al-Hadi Yahya ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim • 894: The
Rustamids become the vassals of Spain. • 896: Death of
Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun; accession of
Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh. • 897: Assassination of Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh; accession of
Abu Musa Harun. • 898: Qarmatians sack
Basra. By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 3 percent of the total. • 899: Birth of
Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mu'tadid the future Abbasid caliph Al-Qahir, he ruled from 932 to 934. ==See also==