MarketTrue Blue (album)
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True Blue (album)

True Blue is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna, released on June 30, 1986, by Sire Records. In early 1985, Madonna became romantically involved with actor Sean Penn, and married him six months later on her 27th birthday. Additionally, she met producer Patrick Leonard while on the Virgin Tour, and formed a professional relationship with him. The first songs they created together were "Love Makes the World Go Round", and the ballad "Live to Tell", which was featured in the film At Close Range, in which Penn starred.

Background
In February 1985, Madonna began dating actor Sean Penn, whom she met in the set of the music video for her single "Material Girl". She recalled that Penn was someone "whose work I'd admired, and I think he felt the same way [...] We have so much in common he is almost like my brother". They dated casually and married six months later, on Madonna's 27th birthday. Afterwards, the newlyweds starred together in a movie called Shanghai Surprise (1986), which was a critical and commercial failure. After the tour was finished, Madonna asked Leonard if he wanted to work with her. They met at a barbecue in his house, where he showed her a song he'd created in his studio called "Love Makes the World Go Round", which Madonna sang at the Philadelphia Live Aid benefit concert on July 13, 1985. Leonard and Madonna's next collaboration was a ballad called "Live to Tell", which was conceived as an instrumental for the score of Paramount's film Fire with Fire (1986). Paramount, however, rejected the track; Leonard then asked Madonna if she could write the lyrics. One month later, the title was confirmed to be True Blue, named after a favorite expression of Penn's. Described by the singer as her "most personal" work at the time, she wanted to reach a wider, more mature audience. == Development ==
Development
True Blue was recorded at the Channel Studios in Los Angeles, from December 1985 to April 1986, the first year of Madonna and Penn's marriage. For the first time in her career, Madonna co-wrote and co-produced all of the album's tracks. The singer worked with Bray and Leonard separately, with the three meeting together only once. Madonna's team got a demo with songs from Cole's management, among them "Follow Your Heart"; she liked the track, changed the title, re-wrote some of the lyrics, and produced it alongside Leonard. They added a bassline underneath, changing it from a rock song into a dance one. Elliot had been working with Dent for six months and was reluctant to let the song go to another artist, but he eventually gave in, finding the idea of Madonna recording his song "hard to resist". With lyrics that talk about teenage pregnancy, Madonna was attracted to the track because it "fit right in with my own personal zeitgeist of standing up to male authorities". She only contributed with additional lyrics, making "Papa Don't Preach" the only song on the album that she did not have a strong hand in writing. It was created by Leonard as an instrumental and offered to Michael Jackson, who turned it down. After meeting with the singer to start working on True Blue, Leonard presented her the demo and she wrote the lyrics while filming Shanghai Surprise. To get the correct translations, Madonna and he talked over the phone with a Hispanic housekeeper. == Composition ==
Composition
Daryl Easlea, author of Madonna: Blond Ambition, described True Blue as a "girlish" album, "the sound of a woman in love". Opener "Papa Don't Preach" is a dance post-disco track, with lyrics that see a daughter telling her father she is pregnant and refuses to have an abortion or give up the baby for adoption, despite her friends' advice. The strings in the introduction nod to classical and Baroque music. The following track, "Open Your Heart", is a "simple" "dizzy, driving" dance-pop love song "brimming with sexual innuendo". Lyrically, it is a "tale of an unrequited love for someone seen on the street", and begins with Madonna whispering watch out! just as the opening drums kick in. Lyrically, it talks about the complexity of deceit, mistrust, and "bearing the burden of some enigmatic secret and coping with a painful past". Fifth track "Where's the Party" is a dance song described by Madonna herself as a statement about "what it's like to be in the middle of this press stuff with everybody on my back". Inspired by Motown and girl groups from the 1960s, title track "True Blue" is Madonna's tribute to Penn. Lyrically, it talks about a "humble observer, captured by the rhythm of an imagined island" named San Pedro, with mentions of "tropical breeze" and "nature wild and free". It starts with an introduction performed on bongos, before descending into castanets. In one line, she specifically sings, ''Last night I dreamt of San Pedro/Just like I'd never gone, I knew the song''. One of the album's "happiest" cuts is "Jimmy Jimmy", which has influences of new wave music. In the lyrics, Madonna commemorates her "youthful fascination" with actor James Dean; "I used to fantasize that we grew up in the same neighbourhood and that he moved away and became a big star", she recalled. Closer "Love Makes the World Go Round" incorporates Latin drums and samba-influenced rhythms, and lyrics that talk about anti-war and anti-poverty. == Artwork and release ==
Artwork and release
compared the album's cover art to the work of American artist Andy Warhol (picture) The album cover was shot by photographer Herb Ritts. It shows Madonna in profile, with her head thrown back and eyes closed against a sky-blue background; her skin is bleached-out, and her hair platinum blonde. Jeri Heiden, who was working at the Warner Bros. art department, was given the task of editing the photos to adapt them into record covers. The final photo was selected by Madonna, Heiden and Jeff Ayeroff, creative director of Warner Bros. at that time. True Blue was released on June 30, 1986. == Promotion ==
Promotion
Tour " on the Who's That Girl World Tour. The song became the singer's fourth to reach the first spot of the Billboard Hot 100. True Blue was promoted on 1987's Who's That Girl World Tour, Madonna's second concert tour. It was her first world tour, and marked her first visit to Europe and Asia. Who's That Girl was critically appreciated, with reviewers singling out the performances, Madonna's vocals and confidence as a performer. The tour's performance of "Papa Don't Preach" marked her first conflict with the Vatican, as she dedicated it to Pope John Paul II, who urged Italian fans to boycott the concerts in the country. With a total gross of US$25 million, Who's That Girl was the second most successful female tour of the year, behind Tina Turner's Break Every Rule World Tour. Singles In the United States, "Live to Tell" was released on March 26, 1986, whereas in Europe, the release date was April 14. It was acclaimed by critics, with some deeming it Madonna's best ballad, and singling out her vocal performance. It was also commercially successful, becoming the singer's third number one in the US Billboard Hot 100, and her first number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. The music video, directed by James Foley, shows the singer in a more demure, toned down appearance, inspired by actresses such as Grace Kelly, intercut with clips from At Close Range. On June 11, "Papa Don't Preach" was released as True Blues second single in the United States; in Europe, it was issued five days later. It was lauded by critics, who applauded its hook, maturity, and referred to it as a milestone in Madonna's career. It reached the top spot of the Hot 100 ―her fourth number one there― the United Kingdom, and Australia. The clip, also directed by Foley, shows the singer in her first "head-to-toe" image makeover, with a leaner, more toned body, and cropped platinum blonde hair. Its main storyline has Madonna trying to tell her father, about her pregnancy; these scenes are juxtaposed with shots of her dancing and singing in a small, darkened studio, and spending a romantic evening with her boyfriend. Shortly after its release, the song caused heated discussions about its lyrical content. Women's organizations and others in the family planning field criticized Madonna for encouraging teenage pregnancy, while groups opposed to abortion saw the song as having a positive anti-abortion message. " on 2023–2024's the Celebration Tour. The song reached the first spot of Billboards Adult Contemporary chart. Title track "True Blue" was released as third single; first on Europe on September 29, and then in the United States on October 9. It was generally well received by music critics, who praised its retro-inspired sound and felt it was a throwback to girl groups. An alternate video was made through MTV's "Make My Video" contest; the three entries selected portrayed a fifties-style production, and made allusion to the song's theme. Released in the US on November 12, 1986, and in Europe on December 1, fourth single "Open Your Heart" gave Madonna her fifth number one in Hot 100; The song received positive reviews from critics and was deemed a highlight from the album. Its accompanying music video, directed by Jean-Baptiste Mondino, depicts Madonna as an exotic dancer at a peep show who befriends a little boy. Critical reception towards the clip was generally positive: the singer was praised for presenting women as the dominant sex, but the plot of a child entering a strip club received criticism. The last single from the album was "La Isla Bonita", released on February 25, 1987. Critics reacted positively to the song and applauded its Latin-influenced sound. Peaking at number 4, it was Madonna's eleventh top five hit on the Hot 100, a feat surpassed at the time only by the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Despite not being released as a single, "Where's The Party" received airplay on radio station WKSI "Kiss FM" due to demand from the public. == Critical reception ==
Critical reception
True Blue was generally well received by critics. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine said it was "one of the great dance-pop albums", that showcases Madonna's skills as a "songwriter, record-maker, provocateur, and entertainer through its wide reach, accomplishment, and sheer sense of fun". Erika Wexler from Spin wrote: "Madonna knows her days as the chanteuse for teenage romance are numbered. With perfect timing, [she] gently distanced herself from that role, and although some of the songs [on True Blue] have the sophistication of a training bra, there are glowing moments". The New York Times Stephen Holden noted that, despite lacking the "gleaming ultra-sleek aural surfaces" of Like a Virgin, True Blues made up of "shrewdly crafted teen-age and pre-teen-age ditties that reveal Madonna's unfailing commercial instincts", and find her singing with "a lot more heart". This opinion was shared by Rolling Stone, where Davitt Sigerson referred to True Blue as a "sturdy, dependable, lovable" album, and singled out the singer's voice for sounding "better than ever". PopMatters Peter Piatkowski also applauded the singer's more mature vocals, and deemed the record "brilliant, one that speaks to its time but also celebrates the disparate cultures that influence [Madonna's] sound at the moment". True Blue is the "most polished" of Madonna's first three albums, according to El Hunt from the Evening Standard. In the same vein, Mary Von Aue from Stereogum said it has "more vocal range and lyrical complexities" than Like a Virgin and Madonna. True Blue was hailed "nine tracks of 80s pop perfection [...] Madonna's strongest effort from that decade" by the staff of Gay Times. For Joseph Earp from Australian website Junkee, "with its era-defining production, and sweaty sheen of subversion, [True Blue is] the singer's way of understanding everything that came afterwards [...] most pop singers never release a record this good in their whole career". Lucy O'Brien pointed out that, whereas her debut and Like a Virgin were a "sound in development", True Blue sees Madonna "nail[ing] her signature style – rhythmic, dramatic, danceable, and distinctively melodic". Replacing Nile Rodgers with Leonard and Bray resulted in a "less polished, but more varied" album, according to The Sunday Telegraphs Larry Nager. The review ended on a somewhat critical note: True Blue is "classic pop [...] an entertaining album's worth of catchy, danceable tunes", despite "not much content beneath the candy-coating", concluded Nager. True Blues main flaw is that its five singles are "so strong they overshadow" the rest of the tracks, which seem "slight by comparison", wrote Daryl Easlea. In less favorable reviews, John Quayle from the Observer–Reporter dismissed the record as "warmed over Go-Gos material", but applauded the singles for being "strong enough to convince even her worst critics that Madonna does have talent – and lots of it". Mary Von Aue noted that the album experiments with "different sounds that are well executed as singles", but as a whole sounds "disjointed", concluding that, "[True Blue] doesn't live up to the strength of [its singles]". Finally, Larry Kilman, writing for American newspaper The Evening News, compared it negatively to the work of girl groups such as the Ronettes and the Shangri-Las, dismissing it as "mindless, inspid [and] air-headed", adding that, "[its] slick production and arrangements disguise much of the tininess of [Madonna's] voice [...] But that's as good as [True Blue] gets". == Commercial performance ==
Commercial performance
On July 19, 1986, True Blue entered the Billboard 200 at number 29. Five weeks later, it reached the first spot; it was Madonna's second number one album after Like a Virgin, thus she became one of five female artists in the rock era to reach the top spot with back-to-back releases. It stayed on the top position for five consecutive weeks, and on the chart for a total of 82 weeks. 301,000 additional copies were sold through BMG Music Clubs, which are not counted by the Nielsen SoundScan. In Canada, True Blue debuted on the 73rd spot of the RPM Albums Chart on July 5, 1986; it quickly climbed up the chart and reached the top on August 9. Madonna became the second female artist to achieve this behind Whitney Houston. In Japan, the album peaked at number one on the Oricon chart. In Hong Kong, the album was certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). In Australia, True Blue remained on the first spot of the Kent Music Report for two weeks. Across Europe, True Blue sold 5 million copies by July 1987, and reached the top of the European Top 100 Albums chart. In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart on July 12, 1986, making it the first album by an American artist to debut at number one in British chart history. True Blue also topped the albums chart in France and received a diamond certification by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) for shipment of one million copies. Similarly, in Germany True Blue also reached the first spot in Germany, and was certified two times platinum by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI) for shipment of one million copies. as of 2012, it has sold more than 25 million copies. == Legacy ==
Legacy
True Blue has been noted as the album that made Madonna an icon and a "credible" artist. Stephen Thomas Erlewine deemed it the point where she "truly became 'Madonna the superstar'—the endlessly ambitious, fearlessly provocative entertainer that knew how to outrage, spark debates, get good reviews—and make good music while she's at it". Patrick Leonard himself explained: "The music got more serious, so I think she got taken more seriously [...] [Madonna] took some chances that I don't know most people would have. There were things [in True Blue] that weren't normal in pop music at the time". Slant Magazine considered True Blue one of the best albums from the 1980s; Jonathan Keefe wrote that it marked the point where, "it became readily apparent that Madonna was more than just a flash-in-the-pan pop star. It's when she began manipulating her image —and her audience— with a real sense of clarity and purpose". Piatkowski wrote that it "set the stage for the exponential ascent of Madonna's brilliance", that began with 1989's Like a Prayer and reached its peak on 1998's Ray of Light. The album also helped popularize marketing singles, according to Billboards Paul Grein: "10 or 20 years ago you would have had two singles from an album at the most. Now we’re in an era where Madonna is on her fifth [from True Blue]". True Blue was 1986's best-selling album, and the best-selling of the 1980s decade by a female artist, with Madonna being 1986's most successful female. The album held the record for being number one in a total of 28 countries around the world. With over 17 million copies sold, it was named the highest-seller of all time by a female in the 1991 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records; True Blue has sold more than 25 million copies worldwide, and is one of the best-selling albums of all time. == Track listing ==
Track listing
• Madonna • Stephen Bray }} • Madonna • Gardner Cole • Peter Rafelson }} • Madonna • Patrick Leonard }} • Madonna • Leonard }} • Madonna • Leonard }} • Madonna • Leonard }} • Madonna • Leonard }} • Madonna • Bray • Leonard }} • Madonna • Leonard • Bray }} • Madonna • Bray }} • Madonna • Bray }} • Madonna • Leonard • Bruce Gaitsch }} • Madonna • Leonard }} • Madonna • Bray }} • Madonna • Bray }} • Madonna • Leonard }} • Madonna • Leonard }} }} • Barbiero • Thompson }} }} Notes • signifies additional lyrics • 2001 remastered edition includes the remix bonus tracks "True Blue" (The Color Mix) and "La Isla Bonita" (Extended Remix) == Personnel ==
Personnel
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. • Madonna – producer, lead vocals, backing vocals (1, 2, 4–9) • Stephen Bray – producer (1, 5, 6, 8), keyboards (1, 5, 6, 8), drums (1, 5, 6, 8), drum programming (3, 9) • Fred Zarr – additional keyboards (1, 6, 8) • Patrick Leonard – producer (2–5, 7, 9), keyboards (2–5, 7, 9), drum programming (3, 4, 7, 9), drums (5), additional keyboards (8) • Bruce Gaitsch – electric guitar (1), guitars (3, 4, 7), rhythm guitar (6, 8) • John Putnam – acoustic guitar (1), electric guitar (1) • Russ Powell – guitar • David Williams – rhythm guitar (1), guitars (2), backing vocals (3) • Paul Jackson Jr. – guitars (3, 9) • Dann Huff – guitars (5) • Jonathan Moffett – percussion (1, 8), drums (2, 3, 4), backing vocals (3) • Paulinho da Costa – percussion (2, 7, 9) • David Boroff – saxophone (5) • Billy Meyers – string arrangements (1) • Siedah Garrett – backing vocals (1, 5, 6, 7, 9) • Edie Lehmann – backing vocals (1, 5, 6, 7, 9) • Keithen Carter – backing vocals (3) • Jackie Jackson – backing vocals (3) • Richard Marx – backing vocals (3) • Michael Verdick – engineer, mixing • Michael Hutchinson – keyboard overdub engineer (8) • Dan Nebenzal – mix assistant • Steve Hall – mastering • Channel Recording Studios (Los Angeles, California) – recording location • Master Control (Burbank, California) – mixing location • Future Disc (Hollywood, California) – mastering location • Jeffrey Kent Ayeroff – art direction • Jeri McManus – art direction, design • Herb Ritts – photography • Weisner-DeMann Entertainment – management == Charts ==
Charts
Weekly charts Monthly charts Year-end charts Decade-end charts All-time charts == Certifications and sales ==
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