Etymology Watertown got its name from straddling the Black River. It is unknown which settler chose it, but it is commonly believed to have been a consensus choice in order to attract mills. By 1850, mills manufacturing different products, powered by the Black river, were being built throughout Watertown.
Precolonial and colonial eras |alt=Dirt roads surrounding a garden In 1791,
New York City resident
Alexander Macomb purchased the land of Jefferson,
Lewis,
St. Lawrence and
Oswego county. He sent out multiple surveyors to sell the land to passing settlers. The area of Watertown was first surveyed in 1796 by
Benjamin Wright, who was employed by Macomb to survey the northern and central portions of New York State. Wright made the following statement about the land after returning: In 1798, pioneers Hart Massey, Henry Coffeen, and Zachariah Butterfield built cabins in what is now the Public Square area as part of a large migration into New York from
New England after the
Revolutionary War. The land was very uneven territory and was leveled out in one of the first
landfill projects in the United States. Coffeen then moved his family into Watertown. He and the other pioneers chose the area due to the
Black River, which flowed west into
Lake Ontario about away. Their vision was for an industrial center that would draw power from the river. In 1805, settlers cleared the center of town to create
Public Square. During the 19th century, several significant buildings were built around it. The area has been designated as a
historic district, listed on the . Watertown was designated as the
seat of
Jefferson County after it was split from
Oneida County. At that time, Watertown was one of the least populated places in the county. Due to its proximity to
Lake Ontario, Watertown became a popular location for transporting supplies into Canada, which helped its economy. As industry and businesses flourished, successful residents built substantial retail buildings, churches, and private residences close to the square. After the
Embargo Act of 1807 was passed which prohibited trade with Britain and France, which at the time included Canada. The economy suffered as a result and eventually led to smuggling materials into Canada, leading to the
War of 1812. During the Civil War, the
35th New York Infantry Regiment began in Watertown. It is also listed on the National Register, as are several mansions and churches, such as the Emma Flower Taylor Mansion and the Trinity Episcopal Church. The drops in the Black at Watertown's location— in the center of town, and over —provided abundant water power for early industry. In 1851, the city was joined to
Albany,
Syracuse, and
Rochester as well as other major cities of the state with the
Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. Other mills were added to the business base, generating revenue to support the city's early public works projects, such as the water system and illuminating gas works in 1853, and a telephone system in 1879. Watertown claims that
Rodman native
Frank W. Woolworth conceived the idea of his eponymous
mercantile chain while working here in 1878. Woolworth, then employed as a clerk in Moore's Store, set up a successful clearance display of low-priced items. This led to his idea of a store specializing in fixed-price, cut-rate merchandise. Woolworth left Watertown and opened his first store in 1879 in
Utica. Among the many manufacturing businesses was the Davis Sewing Machine Company, which originated in Watertown. It was the predecessor to
George P. Huffman's
Huffy Corporation, now a maker of bicycles and other sporting goods. In the late 1890s, many new factories and industries were established, increasing the population by over 17,000 in the span of 30 years. The city gained a reputation for gambling and prostitution. After the
Wall Street Crash of 1929, many stores shut down and laid off a considerable amount of their workforce, leading to economic hardships until
World War II, when Watertown's industries switched from
consumer products to war materiel, revitalizing the economy. the Car-Freshner Corporation headquarters and manufacturing plant is located in the city. In the 1960s and 1970s, Watertown began a large de-industrialization which destroyed many historic buildings, such as the Hotel Woodruff and old courthouse. Watertown suffered economic and population declines. As Chicago boomed, it attracted many of the younger people from upstate New York for its business and professional opportunities. By the 1980s, unemployment in the area was up 20 percent. In early 2019, Watertown was named "The Least Politically Prejudiced Place in America" by
Amanda Ripley. ==Geography==