Wilkinsburg is located in an area of the
Appalachian Plateau where various land and water transportation routes join, an area which
Native Americans have inhabited for thousands of years. Geologically, Wilkinsburg centers on a valley going through the hills located east of the three rivers confluence: namely, the
Allegheny River, the
Monongahela River, and the
Ohio River. The Wilkinsburg valley eased passage by land through the barrier of the
Appalachian Mountains, for example travel to and from
Philadelphia and other
Atlantic coast areas, including travel through the
Cumberland Gap. The nearby meeting of the three rivers facilitated passage by water and by land alongside the rivers, which eventually joining the south-flowing
Mississippi River, meeting the
Gulf of Mexico, and so linking with oceanic trade. This made Wilkinsburg a nexus for divergent routes, where travel from the east and from travel from the south intersected, together with other transportation routes to the north and west. A vital section of the major land road or pathway passage to the east is now
Penn Avenue, still a main street of Wilkinsburg. In the early 1700s, European traders arrived, and by mid-century had some established colonial sites, including
Fort Duquesne, established by
France. Subsequently, the general area became a major battleground during the
French and Indian Wars, during which
George Washington (who passed through what is now Wilkinsburg in 1753, on a diplomatic mission to French territory),
Edward Braddock, and
John Forbes gained a place in history, each built roads and otherwise enhanced the land transportation routes. The
French and Indian War (1754–1763) was fought between France,
England, and various Native groups for territorial control. France lost control of the area in 1758. British forces built
Fort Pitt between 1759 and 1761, near the three river junction. France subsequently relinquished claims on the area. In 1776, the British colonies declared independence, and the
Treaty of Paris (1783) confirmed the area west of the Appalachians as part of the newly formed United States. In 1780, Pennsylvania and Virginia agreed to extend the
Mason–Dixon line westward, and the region became part of Pennsylvania, settling a dispute of which state Wilkinsburg would end up being a part of. The
Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) resulted in the
Iroquois Nations also relinquishing their claims to the area, but this was not necessarily the case for other Native American polities. In the 1800s, trade was increasingly augmented by major mining and manufacturing operations. The general area's population continued to proliferate from the late 1800s and the early 1900s, with numerous immigrants from various parts of Europe and African Americans of the
Great Migration migrating from the Southern United States. For Wilkinsburg, this process sometimes proceeded slowly and sometimes more rapidly. The Land Company of the Colony of Pennsylvania began to offer deeds in the general area to become Wilkinsburg in 1769. Andrew Levi Levy Sr., purchased 266 acres of woodland, to which he officially gave the name of Africa (for reasons which remain obscure). In 1788, Levy sold his deed to
William Thompson (a retired brigadier general who had served in the
Continental Army during the
American Revolutionary War). Thompson died shortly after, and the land was sold to Col. Dunning McNair (the father of
Dunning R. McNair, who would become the
sergeant at arms of the United States Senate, 1853–1861). Dunning McNair was a significant landholder. In 1790, Dunning McNair laid out a village called McNairstown on the "Great Road" later known as
Penn Avenue. In a deed dated September 1812, McNair deeded land to a certain Patrick Green, by which Wilkinsburgh was officially registered. In 1825, Dunning McNair died. By 1812, the village was referred to as "Wilkinsburgh" in honor of
John Wilkins Jr., a wartime friend of McNair. James Kelly began a half-century or so of heavy involvement with the area when he paid $12,000 for McNair's former land, which Kelly subsequently added to. James Kelly was involved in much of the civic, religious, educational and other activities during this period. In 1873 the City of Pittsburgh annexed a portion of
Wilkins Township containing Wilkinsburg, but less than three years later, a legal action reversed the annexation. On October 5, 1887, Wilkinsburg separated from the recently created Sterrett Township to become an independent borough. Although the borough has been economically depressed in recent years, many efforts are being made to change this. In 2004, the
Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation launched initiatives in partnership with its for-profit development affiliate, Landmark Development Corporation, to begin restoration work on historic structures in Wilkinsburg's Hamnett Place neighborhood. Within a decade, more than 70 structures were improved, a new neighborhood center was opened, and the community's supply of
affordable housing was increased. The collaborators were subsequently honored with the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation National Preservation Award to recognize their accomplishments. During this time, the
Hamnett Historic District was also established; that historic district was then approved on June 28, 2010, for listing on the
National Register of Historic Places. In 2015, the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation and its for-profit affiliate, Landmark Development Corporation, entered into a collaboration with Falconhurst Development to begin an $11.5 million multi-site restoration within and near the Hamnett Historic District. In addition to restoring four vacant buildings which had been built sometime around the beginning of the 20th century, the developer had plans to open a series of new townhouses in the same area by 2016, with the collaborators again indicating that the housing would be affordable, based on
United States Housing and Urban Development Department (HUD) guidelines. The ground was broken on the project in late September 2015.
Municipal reorganization attempts In 2020 a local movement gained traction to consider merging the Borough of Wilkinsburg with the City of Pittsburgh. Proponents of the merger argued a declining population and tax base created mounting financial problems that could be preempted by the consolidation. The Wilkinsburg Community Development Corporation organized a subgroup, Wilkinsburg Pittsburgh Merger, to study the feasibility and impact of such a merger. The organization and its subgroup became the main organizing faction in support of the proposed merger. The local governing council declined to adopt the merger as a legislative project, leaving the issue to constituent action. It was initially believed the merger could be settled under a 1903 Annexation law regarding municipal consolidation. Under this law, a municipal merger could be approved following a successful referendum vote of Wilkinsburg residents and approval from the Pittsburgh City Council. Proponents of the merger began organizing a petition to launch such a referendum vote for the 2021 Election. However, after several court hearings, including an appeal to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the 1903 law was ruled defunct. The Supreme Court communicated that residents of both Wilkinsburg and Pittsburgh would need to vote to approve a merger. Following this ruling, the merger effort has stalled, and community members have turned to a petition for Home Rule status instead.
Home of modern broadcasting Modern
broadcasting as known in its current form began when Wilkinsburg resident
Frank Conrad spearheaded a radio laboratory at his home, coordinated with
Westinghouse Electric Corporation and the
United States Signal Corps, under a special
war time permit (using call signs 2-WM and 2-WE). After moving from
Swissvale to Wilkinsburg, Conrad installed a radio station on the top floor of his backyard two-story garage, with a microphone, where he worked into the wee hours of the morning, eventually resulting in the development of modern broadcasting, as
do it yourself listeners who had made their own
crystal radio sets began to respond, some quite enthused by the music broadcast when Frank Conrad coupled a phonograph to radio. Wilkinsburg thus became the original location for modern broadcasting, combining the concepts of "the station, the audience, the programs, and a means to pay for the programs" after Conrad accepted a donation from a Wilkinsburg music store to promote its musical offerings. This was all before and leading up to
KDKA and the development of commercial radio. In 1916, KDKA began broadcasting, as experimental station 8XK, from the Westinghouse plant in East Pittsburgh and in a small garage owned by
Frank Conrad, before it was launched with its current call letters on November 2, 1920. In 1923, Wilkinsburg-based
Russian immigrant
Vladimir Zworykin designed and patented the
iconoscope, the photocell "eye" of early television cameras. Today, ABC affiliate
WTAE-TV is located in the borough on Ardmore Boulevard. ==Geography==