January–March •
January 5 – The
Danish state bankruptcy of 1813 occurs. •
January 18–
23 –
War of 1812: The
Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day
Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance. •
January 24 – The Philharmonic Society (later the
Royal Philharmonic Society) is founded in London. •
January 28 –
Jane Austen's
Pride and Prejudice is published anonymously in London. •
January 31 – The
Assembly of the Year XIII is inaugurated in
Buenos Aires. •
February –
War of 1812 in North America: General
William Henry Harrison sends out an expedition to burn the British vessels at
Fort Malden by going across
Lake Erie via the
Bass Islands in sleighs, but the ice is not hard enough, and the expedition returns. •
February 3 –
Argentine War of Independence:
José de San Martín and his
Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers gain a largely symbolic victory against a
Spanish royalist army in the
Battle of San Lorenzo. •
February 7 –
Napoleonic Wars:
Action of 7 February 1813 – The and the British ship engage in battle in the
Îles de Los on the
Guinea Coast; both ships retire unbeaten. •
February 9 –
Prussia abolishes the
canton system. •
February 11 –
War of 1812: Construction begins on
Fort Meigs in
Ohio, under the command of General
William Henry Harrison. Major
Amos Stoddard assumes command of its artillery. •
March 4 •
Napoleonic Wars: The French garrison evacuates
Berlin, leaving Russian troops able to reach and take the city without a fight. •
Cyril VI of Constantinople is elected
Ecumenical Patriarch. •
March 17 –
Napoleonic Wars: Prussia declares war on France, and introduces the
Iron Cross military award (backdated to March 10). •
March 28 –
1813–1814 Malta plague epidemic spreads from Egypt. •
March 29 –
Mexican War of Independence:
Battle of Rosillo Creek – The Republican Army of the North defeats the Spanish Royalist Army in modern-day
Bexar County, Texas.
April–June •
April 8 –
War of 1812: Colonel James Ball arrives at
Fort Meigs with 200
dragoons. •
April 27 –
War of 1812:
Battle of York – United States troops raid and destroy but do not hold the capital of
Upper Canada,
York (modern-day
Toronto). •
May 1–
9 –
War of 1812:
Fort Meigs is first besieged, by British allied forces under
General Henry Proctor and Chief
Tecumseh. •
May 2 –
Napoleonic Wars:
Battle of Lützen –
Napoleon wins against the German alliance. •
May 11 –
1813 crossing of the Blue Mountains:
Gregory Blaxland,
William Lawson and
William Wentworth leave on an expedition to cross the
Blue Mountains of Australia. •
May 20–
21 –
Napoleonic Wars:
Battle of Bautzen –
Napoleon again defeats his combined enemies. •
May 27 –
War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture
Fort George. •
June 1 –
War of 1812:
Capture of USS Chesapeake in
Boston Harbor by British
Royal Navy frigate . •
June 6 •
War of 1812:
Battle of Stoney Creek – A British force of 700 under
John Vincent defeats an American force three times its size, under
William H. Winder and
John Chandler. •
1813 crossing of the Blue Mountains:
Gregory Blaxland,
William Lawson and
William Wentworth succeed in crossing the
Blue Mountains (New South Wales) and return home. •
June 21 –
Peninsular War:
Battle of Vitoria – A British, Spanish and Portuguese force of 78,000 with 96 guns under
Wellington defeats a French force of 58,000 with 153 guns under
Joseph Bonaparte.
July–September •
July –
War of 1812 – The second siege of
Fort Meigs by British allied forces fails. •
July 5 –
War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on
Fort Schlosser,
Black Rock and
Plattsburgh, New York begin. •
July 13 • The
Carabinieri, the national
military police of Italy, are founded by
Victor Emmanuel I as the police force of the
Kingdom of Sardinia. • Missionaries
Adoniram Judson and his wife,
Ann Hasseltine Judson, arrive in
Burma. •
July 21 – U.K. Parliament passes the
Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813, repealing legal penalties for
non-trinitarian sects such as
Unitarians, and codifying
religious tolerance in Great Britain (the
Toleration Act of 1688 did not apply to Jews, non-trinitarians, or Roman Catholics). •
July 23 – Sir
Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first
Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a
British protectorate to a
de facto colony. •
August 12 –
Napoleonic Wars: Austria declares war on France. •
August 19 –
Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second triumvirate. •
August 23 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Großbeeren:
Napoleon is defeated by
Prussia and
Sweden. •
August 26 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Katzbach:
Napoleon's troops are defeated by
Prussia and Russia. •
August 26–
27 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Dresden:
Napoleon's troops are victorious. •
August 29–
30 –
Napoleonic Wars –
First Battle of Kulm: French Marshal Vandamme is defeated and captured, by allied Coalition forces from Russia,
Prussia and Austria. •
August 30 –
Creek War –
Fort Mims massacre: A force of
Creeks, belonging to the
Red Sticks faction, kills hundreds of settlers in Fort Mims,
Alabama. •
August 31 –
Peninsular War: •
Battle of San Marcial: The Spanish
Army of Galicia under
Manuel Freire de Andrade turns back
Marshal Soult's last major offensive against
Wellington's allied army. • After besieging
San Sebastián, allied troops in Spain rampage, ransack and burn down the town almost entirely. •
September –
Robert Southey becomes
Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom. •
September 4 – The name of Germany's national
card game,
"Scat" (modern-day
Skat), appears for the first time, in the gaming records of Hans Carl Leopold von der Gabelentz. •
September 6 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Dennewitz: The armies of
Napoleon are again defeated by
Prussia and Russia. •
September 10 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Lake Erie: An American squadron under Commodore
Oliver Hazard Perry defeats a British squadron, capturing 6 ships. •
September 17 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Second Battle of Kulm: The Allied Coalition is victorious; Napoleon is forced to halt his advance on Teplitz, and withdraw to Leipzig.
October–December :
Battle of the Chateauguay :
Dutch rise up against French rule. •
October 2 – The
Philomathean Society of the
University of Pennsylvania is founded (the oldest continuously existing literary society in the United States). •
October 5 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of the Thames in
Upper Canada:
William Henry Harrison defeats the British, and native leader
Tecumseh is killed in battle. •
October 14 – After a ceremony in
Caracas,
Venezuela, the municipality gives
Simón Bolívar the title of
El Libertador. •
October 16–
19 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Leipzig:
Napoleon is defeated by the forces of the
Sixth Coalition. More than 600,000 troops are in the field, with well over 10% killed, wounded or missing. Many of the German states forming the
Confederation of the Rhine defect from Napoleon to the Coalition, as a result of the battle. •
October 24–
November 5 –
Persia and Russia sign the
Treaty of Gulistan at the end of the
Russo-Persian War, by which Persia loses modern-day
Georgia,
Dagestan and most of
Azerbaijan to Russia. •
October 26 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of the Chateauguay:
Charles de Salaberry defeats an American invasion. •
November 11 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Crysler's Farm: An outnumbered British–Canadian force defeats the Americans, forcing them to give up their attempt to capture Montreal. •
November 21 – An
independent government is restored in the Netherlands. •
December 8 –
Ludwig van Beethoven's
Symphony No. 7, together with his ''
Wellington's Victory'', are premiered in Vienna under the composer's baton, in a benefit concert for Austrian and Bavarian soldiers wounded at the Battle of Hanau. •
December 18–
19 –
War of 1812: British soldiers and native allies invade the United States, and are successful in the
Capture of Fort Niagara, and attack
Lewiston, New York. •
December 29 –
War of 1812: British soldiers burn
Buffalo, New York.
Date unknown •
Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking
Traité des poisons, formalizing the field of
toxicology. •
Charles Waterton begins the process of turning his estate at
Walton Hall, West Yorkshire, England into what is, in effect, the world's first
nature reserve. • Following the death of his father
Wossen Seged,
Sahle Selassie arrives at the capital Qundi before his other brothers, and is made Meridazmach of
Shewa. • The
Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America is founded. • Probable date –
George E. Clymer invents the
Columbian press, used to print newspapers worldwide. == Births ==