September 10

Pre-1600 • 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. • 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decrees about church law and deals with the relation with the Greek part of the Church. • 1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France. • 1509 – An earthquake known as "The Lesser Judgment Day" hits Constantinople. • 1515 – Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal. • 1547 – The Battle of Pinkie, the last full-scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI. • 1561 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts. • 1570 – Spanish Jesuit missionaries land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived Ajacán Mission. • 1573 – German pirate Klein Henszlein and 33 of his crew are beheaded in Hamburg. 1601–1900 • 1607 – Edward Maria Wingfield is ousted as first president of the governing council of the Colony of Virginia; he is replaced by John Ratcliffe. • 1608 – John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia. • 1622 – Fifty-five Christians are executed in Nagasaki during the Great Genna Martyrdom. • 1640 – Reapers' War: Junta de Braços (Assembly of Estates) of the Principality of Catalonia summoned. It assumes the sovereignty and enacts a series of revolutionary measures which will lead to the Catalan Republic. • 1724 – Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of Jesu, der du meine Seele, BWV 78, a chorale cantata based on a passion hymn by Johann Rist. • 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy for the Continental Army. • 1798 – At the Battle of St. George's Caye, British Honduras defeats Spain. • 1813 – The United States defeats a British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812. • 1846 – Elias Howe is granted a patent for the sewing machine. • 1858 – George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora. • 1897 – Lattimer massacre: A sheriff's posse kills 19 unarmed striking immigrant miners in Lattimer, Pennsylvania, United States. • 1898 – Empress Elisabeth of Austria is assassinated by Luigi Lucheni. 1901–present • 1918 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures Kazan. • 1919 – The Republic of German-Austria signs the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, ceding significant territories to Italy, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. • 1932 – The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally owned IND, is opened. • 1936 – The first world individual Speedway World Championship was held at London's Wembley Stadium. • 1937 – Nine nations attend the Nyon Conference to address international piracy in the Mediterranean Sea. • 1939 – World War II: The submarine is mistakenly sunk by the submarine near Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss of a submarine in the war. • 1939 – World War II: The Canadian declaration of war on Germany receives royal assent. • 1942 – World War II: The British Army carries out an amphibious landing on Madagascar to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign. • 1943 – World War II: In the course of Operation Achse, German troops begin their occupation of Rome. • 1960 – At the Summer Olympics in Rome, Abebe Bikila becomes the first sub-Saharan African to win a gold medal, winning the marathon in bare feet. • 1961 – In the Italian Grand Prix, a crash causes the death of German Formula One driver Wolfgang von Trips and 15 spectators who are hit by his Ferrari, the deadliest accident in F1 history. • 1967 – The people of Gibraltar vote to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain. • 1974 – Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal. • 1976 – A British Airways Hawker Siddeley Trident and an Inex-Adria DC-9 collide near Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing 176. • 1977 – Hamida Djandoubi, convicted of torture and murder, is the last person to be executed by guillotine in France. • 2000 – Operation Barras successfully frees six British soldiers held captive for over two weeks and contributes to the end of the Sierra Leone Civil War. • 2001 – Antônio da Costa Santos, mayor of Campinas, Brazil is assassinated. • 2001 – During his appearance on the British TV game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire?, contestant Charles Ingram reaches the £1 million top prize, but it was later revealed that he had cheated to the top prize by listening to coughs from his wife and another contestant. • 2002 – Switzerland, traditionally a neutral country, becomes a full member of the United Nations. • 2007 – Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif returns to Pakistan after seven years in exile, following a military coup in October 1999. • 2008 – The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, described as the biggest scientific experiment in history, is powered up in Geneva, Switzerland. • 2017 – Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key, Florida as a Category 4, after causing catastrophic damage throughout the Caribbean. Irma resulted in 134 deaths and $77.2 billion (2017 USD) in damage. • 2024 – Polaris Dawn, the first private crewed spaceflight to involve a spacewalk, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. • 2025 – American right-wing political activist Charlie Kirk is assassinated while onstage at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah. ==Births==

Pre-1600 • 877 – Eutychius, patriarch of Alexandria (died 940) • 904 – Guo Wei, posthumously known as Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou • 1423 – Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (died 1425) • 1487 – Pope Julius III (died 1555) • 1497 – Wolfgang Musculus, German theologian (died 1563) • 1547 – George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (died 1596) • 1550 – Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, Spanish general (died 1615) • 1561 – Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Paraguayan-Argentinian soldier and politician (died 1634) • 1588 – Nicholas Lanier, English singer-songwriter and lute player (died 1666) 1601–1900 • 1624 – Thomas Sydenham, English physician and author (died 1689) • 1638 – Maria Theresa of Spain (died 1683) • 1655 – Caspar Bartholin the Younger, Danish anatomist (died 1738) • 1786 – Nicolás Bravo, Mexican soldier and politician, 11th President of Mexico (died 1854) • 1786 – William Mason, American surgeon and politician (died 1860) • 1787 – John J. Crittenden, American statesman and politician (died 1863) • 1787 – Justina Jeffreys, Jamaican-born British gentlewoman (died 1869) • 1788 – Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, French archaeologist and author (died 1868) • 1793 – Harriet Arbuthnot, English diarist (died 1834) • 1801 – Marie Laveau, American voodoo practitioner (died 1881) • 1821 – William Jervois, English captain, engineer, and politician, 10th Governor of South Australia (died 1897) • 1836 – Joseph Wheeler, American general and politician (died 1906) • 1839 – Isaac K. Funk, American minister and publisher, co-founded Funk & Wagnalls (died 1912) • 1839 – Charles Sanders Peirce, American mathematician, statistician, and philosopher (died 1914) • 1844 – Abel Hoadley, English-Australian candy maker, created the Violet Crumble (died 1918) • 1852 – Hans Niels Andersen, Danish businessman, founded the East Asiatic Company (died 1937) • 1852 – Alice Brown Davis, American tribal chief (died 1935) • 1860 – Marianne von Werefkin, Russian-Swiss painter (died 1938) • 1864 – Carl Correns, German botanist and geneticist (died 1933) • 1866 – Jeppe Aakjær, Danish author and poet (died 1930) • 1871 – Charles Collett, English engineer (died 1952) • 1872 – Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer (died 1933) • 1874 – Mamie Dillard, African American educator, clubwoman and suffragist (died 1954) • 1875 – George Hewitt Myers, American forester and philanthropist (died 1957) • 1876 – Hugh D. McIntosh, Australian businessman (died 1942) • 1880 – Georgia Douglas Johnson, American poet and playwright (died 1966) • 1880 – Laura Cornelius Kellogg, Native American activist (died 1947) • 1884 – Herbert Johanson, Estonian architect (died 1964) • 1885 – Johannes de Jong, Dutch cardinal (died 1955) • 1885 – Carl Clinton Van Doren, American critic and biographer (died 1950) • 1886 – H.D., American poet, novelist, and memoirist (died 1961) • 1887 – Giovanni Gronchi, Italian soldier and politician, 3rd President of the Italian Republic (died 1978) • 1887 – Kenneth Mason, English soldier and geographer (died 1976) • 1887 – Govind Ballabh Pant, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (died 1961) • 1888 – Israel Abramofsky, Russian-American painter (died 1976) • 1889 – Ivar Böhling, Finnish wrestler (died 1929) • 1890 – Bob Heffron, New Zealand-Australian miner and politician, 30th Premier of New South Wales (died 1978) • 1890 – Elsa Schiaparelli, Italian-French fashion designer (died 1973) • 1890 – Franz Werfel, Austrian-Bohemian author, poet, and playwright (died 1945) • 1890 – Mortimer Wheeler, British archaeologist and officer (died 1976) • 1892 – Arthur Compton, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1962) • 1894 – Alexander Dovzhenko, Soviet screenwriter/producer/director of Ukrainian origin (died 1956) • 1895 – Viswanatha Satyanarayana, Indian poet and author (died 1976) • 1896 – Adele Astaire, American actress and dancer (died 1981) • 1896 – Robert Taschereau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 11th Chief Justice of Canada (died 1970) • 1896 – Ye Ting, Chinese general (died 1946) • 1897 – Georges Bataille, French philosopher, novelist, and poet (died 1962) • 1897 – Hilde Hildebrand, German actress and singer (died 1976) • 1898 – Bessie Love, American actress (died 1986) • 1898 – Waldo Semon, American chemist and engineer (died 1999) 1901–present • 1903 – Cyril Connolly, English author and critic (died 1974) • 1904 – Honey Craven, American horse rider and manager (died 2003) • 1904 – Max Shachtman, American theorist and politician (died 1972) • 1906 – Karl Wien, German geographer, academic, and mountaineer (died 1937) • 1907 – Alva R. Fitch, American general (died 1989) • 1907 – Dorothy Hill, Australian geologist and palaeontologist (died 1997) • 1908 – Angus Bethune, Australian soldier and politician, 33rd Premier of Tasmania (died 2004) • 1908 – Raymond Scott, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (died 1994) • 1908 – Waldo Rudolph Wedel, American archaeologist and author (died 1996) • 1912 – Basappa Danappa Jatti, Indian lawyer and politician, 5th Vice President of India (died 2002) • 1913 – Lincoln Gordon, American academic and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Brazil (died 2009) • 1914 – Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine, Anglo-Irish captain and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (died 1990) • 1914 – Robert Wise, American director and producer (died 2005) • 1915 – Edmond O'Brien, American actor (died 1985) • 1917 – Miguel Serrano, Chilean poet and diplomat (died 2009) • 1919 – Lex van Delden, Dutch composer (died 1988) • 1920 – Fabio Taglioni, Italian engineer (died 2001) • 1921 – Joann Lõssov, Estonian basketball player and coach (died 2000) • 1921 – John W. Morris, American general (died 2013) • 1923 – Glen P. Robinson, American businessman, founded Scientific Atlanta (died 2013) • 1924 – Ted Kluszewski, American baseball player and coach (died 1988) • 1924 – Boyd K. Packer, American educator and religious leader, 26th President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (died 2015) • 1925 – Roy Brown, American singer-songwriter (died 1981) • 1925 – Dick Lucas, English minister and cleric • 1925 – Boris Tchaikovsky, Russian pianist and composer (died 1996) • 1926 – Beryl Cook, English painter and illustrator (died 2008) • 1927 – Johnny Keating, Scottish trombonist, composer, and producer (died 2015) • 1928 – Roch Bolduc, Canadian civil servant and politician • 1928 – Walter Ralston Martin, American minister and author, founded the Christian Research Institute (died 1989) • 1928 – Jean Vanier, Canadian philosopher and humanitarian, founded L'Arche (died 2019) • 1929 – Michel Bélanger, Canadian businessman and banker (died 1997) • 1929 – John Golding, English historian, scholar, and curator (died 2012) • 1929 – Arnold Palmer, American golfer and businessman (died 2016) • 1930 – Aino Kukk, Estonian chess player and engineer (died 2006) • 1931 – Isabel Colegate, English author and agent (died 2023) • 1931 – Philip Baker Hall, American actor (died 2022) • 1932 – Bo Goldman, American playwright, screenwriter, and producer (died 2023) • 1933 – Yevgeny Khrunov, Russian colonel and cosmonaut (died 2000) • 1933 – Karl Lagerfeld, German-French fashion designer and photographer (died 2019) • 1934 – Charles Kuralt, American journalist (died 1997) • 1934 – Roger Maris, American baseball player and coach (died 1985) • 1934 – Jim Oberstar, American educator and politician (died 2014) • 1934 – Larry Sitsky, Australian pianist, composer, and educator • 1934 – Mr. Wrestling II, American wrestler (died 2020) • 1935 – Mary Oliver, American poet (died 2019) • 1936 – Peter Lovesey, British writer (died 2025) • 1937 – Jared Diamond, American biologist, geographer, and author • 1937 – Tommy Overstreet, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2015) • 1938 – David Hamilton, English radio and television host • 1940 – Roy Ayers, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, vibraphonist, and producer (died 2025) • 1941 – Christopher Hogwood, English harpsichord player and conductor, founded the Academy of Ancient Music (died 2014) • 1941 – Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese video game designer, invented Game Boy (died 1997) • 1942 – Danny Hutton, Irish-American singer • 1945 – Gerard Henderson, Australian journalist and author • 1945 – Mike Mullane, American colonel and astronaut • 1946 – Michèle Alliot-Marie, French lawyer and politician, French Minister of Foreign and European Affairs • 1946 – Jim Hines, American sprinter and football player (died 2023) • 1946 – Don Powell, English rock drummer • 1946 – Patrick Norman, Canadian singer-songwriter • 1947 – Larry Nelson, American golfer • 1947 – David Pountney, English director and manager • 1948 – Zhang Chengzhi, Chinese historian and author • 1948 – Brian Donohoe, Scottish politician • 1948 – Judy Geeson, English actress • 1948 – Margaret Trudeau, Canadian actress and talk show host, 12th Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada • 1948 – Charlie Waters, American football player, coach, and radio host • 1949 – Barriemore Barlow, English rock drummer and songwriter • 1949 – Babette Cole, English author and illustrator (died 2017) • 1949 – Don Muraco, American wrestler • 1949 – Bill O'Reilly, American journalist and author • 1950 – Rosie Flores, American singer and guitarist • 1950 – Tom Lund, Norwegian football player • 1950 – Joe Perry, American singer-songwriter and guitarist • 1960 – Margaret Ferrier, Scottish politician • 1960 – Colin Firth, English actor and producer • 1963 – Bill Stevenson, American drummer, songwriter, and producer • 1964 – Jack Ma, Chinese businessman, co-founder of Alibaba Group • 1964 – John E. Sununu, American engineer and politician • 1966 – Yuki Saito, Japanese singer and actress • 1966 – Joe Nieuwendyk, Canadian ice hockey player and manager • 1968 – Andreas Herzog, Austrian footballer and manager • 1968 – Big Daddy Kane, American rapper, producer, and actor • 1978 – Ramūnas Šiškauskas, Lithuanian basketball player • 1979 – Jacob Young, American actor • 1980 – Trevor Murdoch, American wrestler • 1980 – Mikey Way, American bass player and songwriter • 1981 – Marco Chiudinelli, Swiss tennis player • 1981 – Germán Denis, Argentinian footballer • 1981 – Bonnie Maxon, American wrestler • 1982 – Misty Copeland, American ballerina and author • 1983 – Jérémy Toulalan, French footballer • 1983 – Joey Votto, Canadian baseball player • 1984 – Sander Post, Estonian footballer • 1984 – Harry Treadaway, English actor • 1984 – Luke Treadaway, English actor • 1984 – Drake Younger, American wrestler • 1985 – Aleksandrs Čekulajevs, Latvian footballer • 1985 – James Graham, English rugby league player • 1985 – Neil Walker, American baseball player • 1986 – Angel McCoughtry, American basketball player • 1986 – Ashley Monroe, American singer-songwriter • 1989 – Manish Pandey, Indian cricketer • 1989 – Matt Ritchie, English footballer • 1990 – Corban Knight, Canadian ice hockey player • 1991 – Sam Morsy, Egyptian footballer • 1992 – Ricky Ledo, American basketball player • 1992 – Ayub Masika, Kenyan footballer • 1993 – Sam Kerr, Australian footballer • 1995 – Jack Grealish, English footballer • 1995 – Matt Rife, American comedian and actor • 1997 – Brooke Henderson, Canadian golfer • 1997 – Troy Terry, American ice hockey player • 1998 – Anna Blinkova, Russian tennis player • 1998 – Sheck Wes, American rapper • 1999 – Laura Taylor, Australian swimmer • 1999 – jschlatt, American YouTuber and singer • 2001 – Armando Broja, Albanian-born English footballer • 2001 – Nick Cross, American football player • 2004 – Gabriel Bateman, American actor ==Deaths==

Pre-1600 • 210 BC – Qin Shi Huang, first emperor of China (born 259 BC) • 602 – Dugu Qieluo, empress of the Chinese Sui dynasty (born 544) • 689 – Guo Zhengyi, official of the Chinese Tang dynasty • 710 – Li Chongfu, imperial prince of the Chinese Tang dynasty (born c. 680) • 918 – Baldwin II, Frankish margrave (born c. 865) • 952 – Gao Xingzhou, Chinese general (born 885) • 954 – Louis IV, king of West Francia (born 920) • 1167 – Matilda of England, Holy Roman Empress (born 1102) • 1197 – Henry II, Count of Champagne (born 1166) • 1217 – William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon, English politician • 1281 – John II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (born 1237) • 1306 – Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian mystic and saint (born 1245) • 1308 – Emperor Go-Nijō of Japan (born 1285) • 1364 – Robert of Taranto, King of Albania • 1382 – Louis I of Hungary (born 1326) • 1384 – Joanna of Dreux, Countess of Penthievre and Duchess of Brittany (born 1319) • 1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (born 1371) • 1479 – Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati, Italian cardinal and humanist (born 1422) • 1482 – Federico da Montefeltro, Italian warlord (born 1422) • 1504 – Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (born 1480) • 1519 – John Colet, English theologian and scholar (born 1467) • 1549 – Anthony Denny, English politician (born 1501) • 1591 – Richard Grenville, English admiral and politician (born 1542) 1601–1900 • 1604 – William Morgan, Welsh bishop and translator (born 1545) • 1607 – Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Italian organist and composer (born 1545) • 1669 – Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (born 1609) • 1676 – Gerrard Winstanley, English activist (born 1609) • 1748 – Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino nun, founded the Religious of the Virgin Mary (born 1663) • 1749 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (born 1706) • 1759 – Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian missionary and explorer (born 1703) • 1797 – Mary Wollstonecraft, English philosopher, historian, and novelist (born 1759) • 1842 – William Hobson, Irish-New Zealand soldier and politician, 1st Governor of New Zealand (born 1792) • 1842 – Letitia Christian Tyler, American wife of John Tyler, 11th First Lady of the United States (born 1790) • 1851 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American minister and educator (born 1787) • 1867 – Simon Sechter, Austrian organist, composer, and conductor (born 1788) • 1889 – Charles III, Prince of Monaco (born 1818) • 1891 – David Humphreys Storer, American physician and naturalist (born 1804) • 1898 – Empress Elisabeth of Austria (born 1837) 1901–present • 1905 – Pete Browning, American baseball player (born 1861) • 1915 – Charles Boucher de Boucherville, Canadian physician and politician, 3rd Premier of Quebec (born 1822) • 1915 – Bagha Jatin, Indian philosopher and author (born 1879 ) • 1919 – J. F. Archibald, Australian journalist and publisher, founded the Archibald Prize (born 1856) • 1922 – Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, English poet and activist (born 1840) • 1923 – Sukumar Ray, Indian poet and playwright (born 1887) • 1931 – Dmitri Egorov, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1869) • 1931 – Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American gangster (born 1886) • 1933 – Giuseppe Campari, Italian race car driver (born 1892) • 1933 – Baconin Borzacchini, Italian race car driver (born 1898) • 1933 – Stanisław Czaykowski, Polish race car driver (born 1899) • 1934 – George Henschel, German-English pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1850) • 1935 – Huey Long, American lawyer and politician, 40th Governor of Louisiana (born 1893) • 1937 – Sergei Tretyakov, Russian author and playwright (born 1892) • 1938 – Charles Cruft, English businessman, founded Crufts (born 1852) • 1939 – Wilhelm Fritz von Roettig, German general (born 1888) • 1940 – Issy Smith, British-Australian soldier and Jewish recipient of the Victoria Cross (born 1890) • 2023 – Ian Wilmut, British embryologist (born 1944) • 2024 – Frankie Beverly, American soul/funk singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (born 1946) • 2024 – Jim Sasser, American lawyer and politician, 6th United States Ambassador to China (born 1936) ==Holidays and observances==

• Amerindian Heritage Day (Guyana) • Children's Day (Honduras) • Christian feast day: • Alexander Crummell (Episcopal Church) • Aubert • Blessed Thomas Tsugi, Charles Spinola, and Martyrs of Nagasaki • Edmund James Peck (Anglican Church of Canada) • Nicholas of Tolentino • Theodard of Maastricht • September 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) • Gibraltar National Day • Saint George's Caye Day (Belize) • Teachers' Day (China) • World Suicide Prevention Day == References ==