January :
Cuba free. •
January 1 • Spanish rule formally ends in
Cuba with the cession of Spanish sovereignty to the U.S., concluding 400 years of the
Spanish Empire in the Americas. • In Samoa, followers of Mataafa, claimant to the rule of the island's subjects, burn the town of Upolu in an ambush of followers of other claimants, Malietoa Tanus and Tamasese, who are evacuated by the British warship HMS
Porpoise. •
January 14 • The
White Star Line's
transatlantic ocean liner is launched from the
Belfast shipyards in
Ireland. At 17,272
gross register tons and , she is the largest ship afloat at this time. • The British four-masted sailing ship
Andelana capsizes during a storm in
Commencement Bay off the coast of the U.S. state of
Washington, with the loss of all 17 of her crew. • U.S. Navy Captain Richard P. Leary becomes the military governor of
Guam. •
January 21 :
Opel car. •
Opel Motors opens for business in Germany. • The
Malolos Constitution is ratified by the
Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. • Lord Kitchener is appointed as the British Governor of the
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. •
January 27 – •
Camille Jenatzy of France becomes the first man to drive an automobile more than 80 kilometers per hour, when he reaches a speed of 80.35 kph in his CGA Dogcart racecar. Jenatzy's speed is more than 20% faster than the previous record. • The Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire decrees that all high officials in the Russian-administered Grand Duchy of Finland shall be required to be fluent in the
Russian language. •
Konstantin Stoilov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria and his cabinet ministers resign in a disagreement over self-government for Macedonia. • The
Suntory whisky distiller and worldwide
alcoholic and
soft drink brand of
Japan is established by Shinjiro Torii in
Osaka as a store selling imported wines. •
February 2 – • The participants in the Australian Premiers' Conference agree that Australia's capital (
Canberra) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne. •
February 6 – • By a vote of 57 to 27, a peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the
United States Senate to end the
Spanish–American War. •
February 19 – In Venezuela, the former Minister of War, Major General
Ramón Guerra, angry with the reforms of President
Ignacio Andrade, proclaims the state of
Guárico as an independent territory. Andrade orders General Augusto Lutowsky to crush the rebellion. Guerra flees to Colombia but later comes back as Minister of War. •
February 20 – • Discussions among members of a joint Anglo-American commission, set up by U.S. President
William McKinley and Canadian Prime Minister
Wilfrid Laurier to resolve the
Alaska boundary dispute, end abruptly after it is clear that the U.S. will not make any concessions. In response, Laurier makes clear that there will be no further concessions with the U.S. in trade. • The Russian Imperial government removes the privileges of the parliament of Finland. •
February 21 • The British freighter
SS Jumna is last seen passing
Rathlin Island off Northern Ireland. Bound from
Scotland to deliver a shipment of coal to
Uruguay with minimal crew, it never arrives and is never seen again. • Under threat of bombardment by the British Royal Navy, Sultan of Oman revokes his concession to the French Navy for a coaling station. •
February 26 –
Kálmán Széll replaces
Dezső Bánffy as
Prime Minister of Hungary. •
February 28 – General Juan Reyes, leader of the Nicaraguan insurgency, surrenders at
Bluefields to the commanders of USS
Marietta and HMS
Intrepid. •
March 4 – •
Cyclone Mahina strikes
Bathurst Bay, Queensland. A 12-meter-high wave reaches up to 5 km inland, leaving over 400 dead (one of the deadliest
natural disasters in Australia's history). •
Francisco Silvela forms a new cabinet as
Prime Minister of Spain, replacing the government of
Práxedes Mateo Sagasta. •
March 8 – The Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 (predecessor of
Eintracht Frankfurt) is founded. •
March 9 – The Senate of the state of
Utah adjourns its attempts to elect a new U.S. Senator, after having voted 149 times without a candidate reaching the necessary majority. •
March 10 – At the
Battle of Balantang, the U.S. Army sustains 400 casualties in an attack by Philippine troops. •
March 11 • The world's first wireless distress signal is sent by
wireless telegraphy (in Morse code) to the East Goodwin
light vessel when German cargo-carrying barquentine
Elbe runs aground in fog in the
English Channel. •
Waldemar Jungner files the patent application for the first
alkaline battery and receives a Swedish patent. •
March 13 – Germany, Great Britain and the United States reach an agreement on their jurisdiction in Samoa, following a conference in Washington DC. •
March 18 –
Phoebe, the ninth-known moon of the planet
Saturn is discovered by U.S. astronomer
William Pickering from analysis of photographic plates made by a Peruvian observatory, the first discovery of a satellite photographically. •
March 19 • One of the first labor unions for government employees is formed with the organization in
Denmark of the
Copenhagen Municipal Workers' Union • The Battle of
Taguig takes place in the Philippines as the USS
Laguna de Bay bombards the
Katipunan stronghold. • A tornado outbreak in the southern U.S. kills multiple people. •
March 21 – • The
Eden Theatre in
La Ciotat, a commune in France near
Marseille, lays a claim to being the first
cinema as brothers
Auguste Lumière and
Louis Lumière present their short film, ''L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat'' ("The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station") to 250 surprised spectators. • The French Court of Cassation orders the submission of the file on the Dreyfus case. •
March 22 – Malietoa Tanus is crowned as King of Samoa. •
March 26 – In the first major action in the Malolos Campaign in the
Philippine–American War, 90 Filipino soldiers are killed in the
Battle of the Meycauayan bridge. •
March 27 •
Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmits a radio signal across the
English Channel. • In the
Battle of Marilao River, Filipino forces under the personal command of Emilio Aguinaldo fail to prevent troops of the
United States Army crossing the river. •
March 30 – The British steamer
Stella sinks in the English Channel with the loss of 80 people after wrecking against
Les Casquets. •
April 21 – The
nova V606 Aquilae is first observed from Earth as seen within the
constellation Aquila. •
April 22 – In aid of the
Royal Niger Company, the British Army begins an invasion of
Esanland, in Nigeria, to halt the resistance of the
Esan chiefs to European rule. After Benin's King Ologbosere is overcome, the British attack the kingdom at
Ekpoma. •
April 23 – The steamship
General Whitney sinks off the coast of
St. Augustine, Florida. While everyone on board escapes in lifeboats, one of the boats capsizes, drowning the captain and 16 other crew. •
April 24 – The Scottish ship
Loch Sloy is wrecked off the coast of
Australia's
Kangaroo Island, drowning 32 people on board. •
April 26 –
Jean Sibelius conducts the world première of his
Symphony No. 1 in
Helsinki. •
April 27 – • The Samoan chieftain Maataafa declares an armistice but Germany declines to agree to it. •
April 29 – •
Camille Jenatzy of Belgium becomes the first person to drive faster than 100 kilometers per hour, powering his electric racecar at at a track at
Achères. • In the U.S., several hundred miners capture a railroad train at
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, arm themselves with guns and dynamite, and advance on the town of
Wardner, Idaho, destroying property of mining ccompanies that employ non-unon labor. •
May 11 –
Pope Leo XIII declares that
1900 will be a jubilee year. •
May 31 • The
Harriman Alaska Expedition is launched. • The
Bloemfontein Conference commences between
Paul Kruger and
Sir Alfred Milner in the
Orange Free State, but ends in failure after six days.
June •
June 2 – American outlaws Robert L. Parker (
Butch Cassidy) and Harry A. Longabaugh ("
The Sundance Kid") commit their first armed robbery as "
The Wild Bunch", stopping a
Union Pacific train near
Wilcox, Wyoming, with accomplices
Harvey Logan and
Elzy Lay, and steal more than $30,000 worth of cargo. •
June 3 •
Dreyfus affair: France's Court of Cassation orders a reopening of the 1894 conviction for treason of French Army Captain
Alfred Dreyfus after evidence of a wrongful conviction is made public, and directs that Dreyfus be returned to France after five years of imprisonment on
Devil's Island. •
June 10 – Under the terms of the
Samoa Tripartite Convention, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States form a colonial government to administer a
protectorate over the islands of
Samoa. The government lasts less than nine months, and Germany annexes the western part of Samoa on March 1, 1900, leaving the U.S. to control what becomes
American Samoa. •
June 11 –
Pope Leo XIII issues a declaration of the
consecration of the entire human race to the
Sacred Heart of Jesus. The consecration follows the issuance of his papal
encyclical Annum sacrum, declaring
1900 to be a
Holy Year and directing all Roman Catholic churches in the world to implement the
Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart during the period of June 9 to June 11, 1899. •
June 12 – The
New Richmond tornado completely destroys the town of
New Richmond, Wisconsin, killing 117 and injuring more than 200. •
June 13 – The village of
Herman, Nebraska, with a population of 319, is destroyed by a tornado and 40 people are killed. • The French expedition to liberate
Chad, arrives at
Kouno, where the commander,
Henri Bretonnet, meets with the
Gaourang II, the Muslim Sultan of
Bagirmi. •
Cycle & Carriage, now one of the largest investment companies in
Singapore, is founded, initially to sell bicycles and motor vehicles. •
June 17 –
David Hilbert creates the modern concept of
geometry, with the publication of his book
Grundlagen der Geometrie, released at
Göttingen. •
June 18 – The
Federación Libre de Trabajadores is created in
Puerto Rico as a
resistance movement against the United States. •
June 19 • The
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is created, to be a territory to be administered jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, through an Egyptian governor-general appointed with consent of the UK, although in practice it becomes administered as part of the British Empire. •
Edward Elgar's
Enigma Variations are premiered in London. •
June 21 – "
Treaty 8", the most comprehensive of the eleven
Numbered Treaties, is signed between the British Crown on behalf of Canada, with various
Cree groups of the
First Nations, ceding of land in the northern parts of
Alberta,
Saskatchewan, and
British Columbia, as well as a portion of the
Northwest Territories, to the Canadian government. •
June 24 –
Spain cedes its last Pacific Ocean colonies, the
Caroline Islands (later part of the
Federated States of Micronesia,
the Ladrone islands of Ladrone (later part of the
Mariana Islands), and
Palau, to
Germany. •
June 26 –
Joseph Chamberlain sets into motion the
Second Boer War after receiving an appeal from the British
Cape Colony in South Africa to help British subjects oppressed in the
Transvaal Republic. •
June 27 • A patent for a form of
paperclip is applied for by Norwegian inventor
Johan Vaaler but it is never put into production. •
A. E. J. Collins, a 13-year-old schoolboy, makes the highest-ever recorded individual score in cricket, 628
not out. His record will stand for 117 years. •
June 28 – In
Nigeria, British authorities publicly hang King Ologbosere Irabor outside of the courthouse at
Benin City, after he was convicted of ordering the massacre of a party dispatched by the British consul. •
June 30 – '
Mile-a-Minute Murphy' earns his nickname after he becomes the first man to ride a bicycle for in under a minute, on
Long Island. Murphy pedals his bike one mile in 57.8 seconds for an average speed of 62.28 miles per hour. • The German domestic appliance company
Miele is founded. •
July 3 – Swiss-born American boxer
Frank Erne wins the world lightweight championship by defeating champion
George "Kid" Lavigne in
Buffalo, New York. •
July 4 – The most famous skeleton of a
dinosaur ever found intact, a
diplodocus, is discovered at the Sheep Creek Quarry near
Medicine Bow, Wyoming. The expedition team, financed by
Andrew Carnegie for the
Carnegie Museum of Natural History and led by William Harlow Reed, bestows the name "
Dippy" on the
Diplodocus carnegii. It becomes well known after Carnegie has plaster cast replicas made for donation to museums all over the world. •
July 5 – The 1895 Trade and Navigation agreement between the Japanese and Russian empires goes into effect, with each country was given "a full freedom of ship and cargo entrance to all places, ports, and rivers on the other country's territory." •
July 7 –
The Great Lakes Towing Company is incorporated by
John D. Rockefeller and
William G. Mather to acquire more than 150
tugboats to control shipping in four of the North American
Great Lakes and quickly builds a monopoly on Great Lakes traffic. •
July 8 – The
Lorelei Fountain is unveiled in
The Bronx in New York City. •
July 10 – British colonial authorities in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan give control of the
Red Sea port of
Suakin to
Sudan, after having agreed that Egypt would have the right to administer commerce there. •
July 11 – In
Turin,
Giovanni Agnelli and eight investors form the Italian automobile manufacturer
F.I.A.T., producers of the
Fiat motor vehicles. •
July 12 – The British freight ship
City of York sinks after striking reefs at
Rottnest Island, due to a misunderstanding of signal flare fired from
the island's lighthouse. The ship, which was nearing the end of a voyage from
San Francisco to
Fremantle, Western Australia, evacuates its men in two lifeboats, but one of the boats overturns and 11 men, including the captain, drown. •
July 13 – A tornado kills 13 people in the U.S. village of
Herman, Nebraska. •
July 14 – The first
Republic of Acre is declared by former Spanish journalist
Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias in the Amazon jungle in South America, and lasts for nine months. •
July 17 •
NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital. • In the
Battle of Togbao in
Chad, the French
Bretonnet–
Braun mission is destroyed by the warlord
Rabih az-Zubayr. • The
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation takes effect, ending
extraterritoriality and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce. •
July 18 – The patent for the first
sofa bed is taken out by African-American inventor
Leonard C. Bailey. He receives a U.S. patent on June 2, 1900. •
July 20 –
Park Row Building in
New York City is completed. It is the world's tallest building until
1908. •
July 24 – In the first trade treaty signed by the U.S. after the passage of the
Dingley Act, France and the United States sign an agreement for a 20% reduction of France's existing tariffs on 635 items, in return for the U.S. reduction between 5% and 20% of duty fees on 126 items. •
July 26 – The
President of the Dominican Republic, dictator
Ulises Heureaux, is assassinated during a visit to the city of
Moca. •
July 29 – The first international Peace Conference ends, with the signing of the
First Hague Convention. •
July 30 – The
Harriman Alaska Expedition ends. •
July 31 –
Duke of York Island, off
Antarctica, is discovered by the
Southern Cross Expedition.
August •
August 3 – The
John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago. •
August 4 – Japan rescinds its policy of
extraterritoriality privileges to western nations that had operated
consular courts to try cases against western nationals under western law. •
August 5 – Automotive mechanic
Henry Ford incorporates the
Detroit Automobile Company. While the company failed, it establishes
Detroit,
Michigan, as the site for U.S. car manufacturing and provided a model for the
Ford Motor Company. •
August 6 – Near
Stratford, Connecticut, 36 people are killed when a trolley falls off of a trestle and lands upside down in a pond 40 feet below. •
August 7 •
Dreyfus affair: The retrial of French Army Captain
Alfred Dreyfus before a court-martial opens. • Governance of the island of
Guam, under the administration of the
United States Department of the Navy, begins. •
August 8 – The
San Ciriaco hurricane strikes
Puerto Rico and leaves 250,000 people homeless. The official death toll is later listed as 3,369 people. •
August 10 –
Marshall "Major" Taylor wins the world professional cycling championship in
Montreal, securing his place as the first
African American world champion in any sport. •
August 12 – South African Republic General
Jan Smuts makes a final initiative to avert the outbreak of what will become the
Second Boer War, meeting in
Pretoria with the British chargé d'affaires,
Conyngham Greene. •
August 13 – The battle for the Philippine city of
Angeles begins. The U.S. captures the area, the future site of
Clark Air Force Base, by August 16. •
August 17 – Emperor
Gojong of Korea issues the 9-article International Declaration declaring that, as "the great emperor of Korea", he has "infinite military authority" as well as absolute power to enact laws. •
August 18 – Llest Colliery explosion at Pontyrhyl in the
South Wales coalfield of the U.K. kills 19 miners. •
August 20 – The
Kiram–Bates Treaty is signed in the
Philippines, with U.S. forces recognizing the autonomy of local governments in the
Sulu Archipelago (within the
Mindanao island group) in return for the Sultan's assistance in suppressing attacks on U.S. forces. •
August 23 – The first ship-to-shore test of a wireless radio transmission is made from the U.S. lightship
LV 70, with the sending of Morse code signals to a receiving station near San Francisco. •
August 28 – At least 512 people are killed when a debris hill from the
Sumitomo Besshi copper mine at
Niihama,
Shikoku, Japan, collapses. •
August 30 – After taking over the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic,
Santiago de los Caballeros, revolutionists proclaim
Horacio Vásquez as the nation's President in rebel-controlled territory. At the same time in the capital at
Santo Domingo, president
Wenceslao Figuereo steps down after only five weeks in office. •
August 31 – The
Olympique de Marseille association football club is founded in
France.
September •
September 5 – General
Horacio Vasquez, leader of a revolution against the
Dominican Republic's President Wenceslao Figuereo, arrives at the capital, Santo Domingo and forms a provisional government. •
September 9 –
Dreyfus affair: In the retrial of his court-martial, Alfred Dreyfus is again found guilty of treason and sentenced to serve the remaining 10 years of his prison sentence on Devils Island, notwithstanding that the real culprit has previously admitted to his actions. •
September 11 –
Northern Arizona University is founded in
Flagstaff, as Northern Arizona Normal School. •
September 13 •
Halford Mackinder, Cesar Ollier and Josef Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian, the highest peak of
Mount Kenya. • The French Army invades the Sultanate of Zinder in
Niger and kills the ruler, Amadou Kouran Daga. •
September 14 – General
Cipriano Castro defeats the Venezuelan Army at the battle of
Tocuyito and prepares to march to Caracas to overthrow President
Ignacio Andrade. •
September 15 – Preparing for an attack on Britain's
Cape Colony from the neighboring
Transvaal Republic,
Robert Baden-Powell arrives at the border town of
Mafeking and begins recruiting volunteers and stockpiling munitions to prepare for
an attack and siege. •
September 19 •
Dreyfus affair:
Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned in France by the Ministry of War. • The Dominion Line steamer
Scotsman sinks in the
Strait of Belle Isle, killing 15 women and children. •
September 25 – A Serbian court sentences 30 people convicted for conspiracy to attempt to assassinate the former
King Milan, with the two leaders being sentenced to death. •
September 30 – The
1899 Ceram earthquake kills 3,864 people on
Seram Island, through a tsunami after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake. The villages of Paulohy-Samasuru and Mani, with a combined population of 2,400 people, are swept away by a wave.
October •
October 1 – Possession of the
Mariana Islands is formally transferred from Spain to Germany, which purchased the archipelago (with the exception of
Guam) from Spain for 837,500 German gold marks and become part of
German New Guinea. •
October 3 – The boundary dispute between
Venezuela and
British Guiana is resolved by a binding award from the International Tribunal of Arbitration of five neutral jurists agreed upon by the United Kingdom and the United Venezuelan States. •
October 8 – The
South African Republic telegraphs a three-day ultimatum to the U.K., demanding an arbitration of issues and a pullback of troops from the borders between the Republic and the adjoining Cape Colony, Natal and Bechuanaland by October 11. •
October 10 – The
French Sudan is divided into two smaller administrative units, Middle Niger (which later becomes the nations of Niger and Gambia) and Upper Senegal (which becomes the nations of Senegal and Mali) •
October 11 – In South Africa, the
Second Boer War between the United Kingdom and the
Boers of the
Transvaal and
Orange Free State begins as the Boers invade the British
colony of Natal. •
October 13 – The
Second Boer War extends into the British
Bechuanaland Protectorate (modern-day
Botswana) as the
siege of Mafeking begins. •
October 14 – The Boer invasion of the Cape Colony begins with the
siege of
Kimberley. •
October 15 – French Army officer
Ferdinand de Béhagle is put to death by Sudanese warlord
Rabih az-Zubayr, prompting a French expedition to be led against Rabih. •
October 17 – The
Thousand Days' War begins in
Colombia as
Colombian Liberal Party soldiers led by General
Rafael Uribe Uribe, with support from Venezuela, begin a fight against the government of National Party president
Manuel Antonio Sanclemente. The war will continue for 1,130 days. •
October 18 – The
Boxer Rebellion begins in China as the
Battle of Senluo Temple is fought between more than 4,000 Imperial Chinese Army troops and at least 1,000 rebels from the
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. •
October 19 •
Robert H. Goddard receives his inspiration to develop the first rocket capable of reaching outer space, after viewing his yard from high in a tree and imagining "how wonderful it would be to make some device which had even the possibility of ascending to Mars, and how it would look on a small scale, if sent up from the meadow at my feet." • Boer troops commanded by
Johannes Kock capture the railway station in
Elandslaagte and cut the telegraph line between the British Army headquarters at Ladysmith and its station at
Dundee. •
October 20 – In the first major clash of the
Second Boer War, the
Battle of Talana Hill, the
British Army drives the Boers from a hilltop position, but with heavy casualties, including their commanding general Sir
Penn Symons. •
October 21 – The
Battle of Elandslaagte is fought in Natal, as the British Army recaptures the railway station from Boers, then proceeds toward the fortress of
Ladysmith. South African General
Jan Kock is fatally wounded in the battle and dies 10 days later. •
October 24 • The sinking of the ship
Cisneros by the
Colombian Navy warship
Hércules drowns more than 200 Liberal rebels during the
Battle of Magdalena River. • President Steyn of the South African Republic proclaims the annexation of the northern portion of the
Cape Colony above the Vaal River. British gunners in the
Second Boer War fire a cannon on a high trajectory toward the Boer Army, with the objective of having the shell come down on the enemy. • The foundering of the British steamer
Zurich off of the coast of Norway kills 16 of the 17 crew aboard, with only the captain surviving. •
October 30 – The
Battle of Ladysmith begins as British troops at the Ladysmith fort attempt to make a preemptive strike against a larger force of South African Republic and Orange Free State troops that is gradually surrounding the fort. After sustaining 400 casualties and having 800 men captured, the British retreat back to the fort where
a 118-day siege begins on November 2.
November •
November 2 – The
siege of Ladysmith begins as armies of the two Boer republics cut telegraph lines connecting Ladysmith to the British colony, and try over the next 118 days to starve out the British force. •
November 14 – The first aerial crossing of the
Mediterranean Sea is made by
Louis Capazza and Alphonse Fondère in Capazza's balloon. •
November 15 – The
American Line's becomes the first
ocean liner to report her imminent arrival by
wireless telegraphy. •
November 21 –
Garret Hobart,
Vice President of the United States since 1897 for President William McKinley, dies of
cardiovascular disease. The vacancy in the office will remain unfilled until the inauguration of
Theodore Roosevelt as Vice President in 1901. •
November 20 – The U.S. Supreme Court issues its decision in
Brown v. New Jersey (175 U.S. 172) and upholds the constitutionality of the "
struck jury" method of selecting jurors. •
November 25 – The
Battle of Umm Diwaykarat, a decisive British and
Egyptian victory, ends the
Mahdist War in the
Sudan, as the Khalifa of Sudan,
Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, is killed. •
November 28 • The British Army sustains heavy losses in the
Battle of Modder River, despite routing the Boers. • The Philippine Republic capital at
Bayambang surrenders as the government flees the Fourth Cavalry of the U.S. Army. •
November 29 – The
FC Barcelona association football club is founded. •
November 30 – The first women to serve, in uniform, in the armed forces of any nation begins service as part of the
Canadian Militia Expeditionary Force to
Cape Town to serve in the
Boer War.
Georgina Fane Pope and three other women are enlisted as army nurses.
December •
December 2 •
Philippine–American War –
Battle of Tirad Pass ("The Filipino Thermopylae"): General
Gregorio del Pilar and his troops are able to guard the retreat of Philippine President
Emilio Aguinaldo, before being wiped out. • During the
new moon, a near-grand
conjunction of the
classical planets and several
binocular Solar System bodies occur. The Sun, Moon,
Mercury,
Mars and
Saturn are all within 15° of each other, with
Venus 5° ahead of this conjunction and
Jupiter 15° behind. •
December 9 – An explosion kills 32 coal miners at the Carbon Hill mines in
Carbonado, Washington. •
December 16 – The
Association football club
A.C. Milan is founded. •
December 18 – The British War Office sends
Lord Roberts to South Africa to become the commander of British forces, with
Lord Kitchener to be second in command, with 100,000 additional men. • A fire kills 16 children in
Quincy, Illinois. •
Oxo beef stock cubes are introduced, by
Liebig's Extract of Meat Company. • Giros-Loucheur Group, predecessor of
Vinci, a worldwide
construction and
infrastructure industry, founded in
France. •
Timken Roller Bearing Company, predecessor of worldwide parts brand
Timken, is founded in
Missouri. • The
1899–1923 cholera pandemic begins, spreading to
Europe,
Asia and
Africa. • A particularly severe flood hits many water areas in
Finland. The water level of many lakes, such as lake
Saimaa, reach extraordinary heights, which are marked on the coastal cliffs to this day. In Finland the flood is called the
Oathbreaker's flood because it coincided with severe dissatisfaction with the emperor
Nicholas II among the Finns. == Births ==