1891 in Germany

National level • Emperor – Wilhelm II • Chancellor – Leo von Caprivi State level Kingdoms • King of Bavaria – Otto • King of Prussia – Wilhelm II • King of Saxony – Albert • King of Württemberg – Charles to 6 October, then William II Grand Duchies • Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I • Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis IV • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis III • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William • Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander Principalities • Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen • Principality of Lippe – Woldemar, Prince of Lippe • Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz • Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line • Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont Duchies • Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt • Duke of Brunswick – Prince Albert of Prussia (regent) • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen Colonial Governors • Cameroon (Kamerun) – from 7 August Bruno von Schuckmann (acting governor) • German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Hermann Wissmann (commissioner) (1st term) to 21 February, then Julius Freiherr von Soden (with ... Rüdiger, acting governor) • German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Fritz Rose (commissioner) • German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Louis Nels (acting commissioner) to March, then Curt von François (commissioner) • Togoland – Eugen von Zimmerer (commissioner) to 14 April, then vacant ==Events==

• 23–24 January – 1891 European Figure Skating Championships in Hamburg Undated • German company Dr. Oetker is founded in Bielefeld. • Robert Koch Institute is founded in Berlin. • International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Frankfurt am Main • The modern taximeter is invented by German Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn. • The Fischer projection is devised by Hermann Emil Fischer. • August Thyssen and Joseph Thyssen found German steel company Thyssen. ==Births==

• 8 January – Walther Bothe, German physicist (died 1957) • 22 January – Bruno Loerzer, German aviator and air force general (died 1960) • 24 January – Walter Model, German field marshal (died 1945) • 27 January – Wilhelm Morgner, German painter (died 1917) • 31 January – Kurt von Plettenberg, German forester (died 1945) • 14 February – Erich Engel, film and theatre director (died 1966) • 15 February – Josef Wintrich, German judge (died 1958) • 17 February – Abraham Fraenkel, Israeli mathematician and Zionist (died 1965) • 3 March – Fritz Rumey, German World War I fighter ace (died 1918) • 11 March – Gertrud Wolle, German film actress (died 1952) • 12 March – Hermann Stenner, German painter (died 1914) • 24 March – Rudolf Berthold, German fighter pilot (died 1920) • 28 March – Peter Suhrkamp, German publisher (died 1959) • 2 April – Max Ernst, German painter (died 1976) • 10 May – Anton Dostler, German general (died 1945) • 13 May – Fritz Rasp, German actor (died 1976) • 13 May – Wilhelm Weskamm, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church (died 1956) • 16 May – Adolf Ritter von Tutschek, German fighter ace (died 1918) • 18 May – Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (died 1970) • 22 May – Johannes R. Becher, German politician, poet and novelist (died 1958) • 21 June - Hermann Scherchen, German conductor (died 1966) • 14 July – Fritz Kampers, German actor (died 1950) • 14 July – Werner Rittberger, German figure skater (died 1975) • 29 July – Bernhard Zondek, Israeli gynecologist, developer of first reliable pregnancy test (died 1966) • 7 August – Johannes Joseph van der Velden, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church (died 1954) • 4 September – Fritz Todt, German engineer (died 1942) • 16 September – Karl Dönitz, German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II (died 1980) • 22 September – Hans Albers, German actor (died 1960) • 9 October – Kurt von Tippelskirch, German general (died 1957) • 22 October – Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg, German politician and landowner (died 1958) • 25 October – Karl Elmendorff, German conductor (died 1962) • 14 November – Josef Magnus Wehner, German poet and playwright (died 1973) • 15 November – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (died 1944) • 16 November – Julius Leber, German politician (died 1945) • 2 December – Otto Dix, German painter and forced Volkssturm conscript (died 1969) • 6 December – Gotthard Sachsenberg, German World War I naval aviator and fighter ace (died 1961) • 10 December – Nelly Sachs, German poet and playwright (died 1970) • 17 December – Karl Emil Schäfer, German World War I fighter ace (died 1917) ==Deaths==

• 26 January – Nicolaus Otto, German engineer and inventor (born 1832) • 27 February – Karl Eduard Heusner, German admiral (born 1843) • 14 March – Ludwig Windthorst, German politician (born 1812) • 24 April – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal, chief of staff of the Prussian Army for thirty years (born 1800) • 22 May – Ernst Julius Hähnel, German sculptor (born 1811) • 23 June – Wilhelm Eduard Weber, chemist (born 1804) • 21 June – Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff, general (born 1832) • 6 October – Charles I, King of Württemberg (born 1823) • 14 December – Ferdinand von Roemer, German geologist (born 1818) • 29 December – Leopold Kronecker, German mathematician (born 1823) ==References==