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Amarna letter EA 254

Amarna letter EA 254, titled: "Neither Rebel nor Delinquent (2)", is a moderate length, tall, and mostly flat rectangular clay tablet Amarna letter,. The letter is from Labaya of city-state Šakmu . It is an undamaged letter, in pristine condition, with cuneiform script on almost all surfaces: Obverse, Bottom, Reverse, and Left Side. Letter EA 254 is numbered VAT 335, from the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin.

Brief letter summary
The topic of the letter is Labaya's defense against other governors of city-states that he is engaged with. A town and statue were taken, and he defends his then follow-up actions of pursuit, to the pharaoh's commissioner. He states: "my parts are eaten/ I'm being slandered". The exact quote is "...he has slandered me, (and/ u), I am slandered-(ši-ir-ti)." Directly next, an allegory, lines 16-19, follows concerning "a pinched ant-defending itself". Basically, if an ant is attacked, should it just sit quiet, or defend against the "hand of the man" that attacks? Labaya then explains his justification for pursuing the men in warfare (Akkadian nukurtu, nu-KÚR-te, (last syllable most variable in spellings)), and the events to follow.--> ==The letter==
The letter
EA 254: "Neither Rebel nor Delinquent (2)" EA 254, letter three of three. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation, and English from French.) Obverse: See here; Line drawing, [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/lineart/P271197_l.jpg :(Lines 1-5)–'''To the king, my lord and my Sun: Thus Lab'ayu, your servant and the dirt on which you tread. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord and my Sun, 7 times and 7 times.''' :(6-10)–I have obeyed (i.e. heard) the orders that the king wrote to me. Who am I that the king should lose his land on account of me? :(10-15)–The fact is that I am a loyal servant of the king! I am not a rebel and I am not delinquent in duty.1 I have not held back my payments of tribute; I have not held back anything requested by my commissioner. :(16-29)–He denounces me unjustly,3 but the king, my lord, does not examine my (alleged) act of rebellion. Bottom & Reverse: See here; Line drawing, [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/lineart/P271197_l.jpg :(Lines 20-29)–Moreover, my act of rebellion is this: when I entered Gazru, I kept on saying, "Everything of mine the king takes, but where is what belongs to Milkilu?" I know the actions3 of Milkilu against me! :(30-37)–Moreover, the king wrote for my son.4 '''I did not know that my son was consorting with the 'Apiru. I herewith hand him over to Addaya.''' :(38-46)–Moreover, how, if the king wrote to me, "Put a bronze dagger into your heart and die," how could I not.. Left Side :(46)..execute the order of the king?5–(complete EA 254, with no lacunae, lines 1-46) ==The Habiru/'Apiru==
The [[Habiru]]/[[habiru|'Apiru]]
The mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time, as the takeover of city-states or regions by the Habiru. The map shows various cities and regions, and their respective dealings with the Habiru. (There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Šakmu/Shechem.) The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi-Heba, directly south at Jerusalem, letters EA 286, 287, 288, 289, and EA 290. ===Spellings for Habiru in the Amarna letters=== • EA 100, l. 26—KUR,.. ša ìl- .MEŠ GAZ,.. [ tu ]–.]–( LÚ-MEŠ GAZ ) • EA 271, l. 16—..-meš Sa-GaZ-meš .. ( Men (pl), SA.GAZMEŠ(pl)EA 290, l. 24—..Ha--Ri .. ( Hapiru ( 'Apiru )) • EA 299, l. 18—..da-an-nu -SA-GAZ-meš .. ( "Strengthening" - LÚ.SA.GAZ.MEŠ ..( "Strengthening Habiru" ) • EA 366, l. 21—.. {LÚ} SA-GAZ .. ( SA-GAZ (Habiru)) ==See also==
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