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Central station

Central stations or central railway stations emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century as railway stations that had initially been built on the edge of city centres were enveloped by urban expansion and became an integral part of the city centres themselves. As a result, "Central Station" is often, but not always, part of the proper name for a railway station that is the central or primary railway hub for a city.

Development
Emergence and growth Central stations emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century during what has been termed the "Railway Age". Initially railway stations were built on the edge of city centres but, subsequently, with urban expansion, they became an integral part of the city centres themselves. In Europe, it was normal for the authorities to exercise greater control over railway development than in Britain and this meant that the central station was often the focal point of town planning. "Indeed, in most large continental cities the station was deliberately fronted by a square to set it off." During the 1880s "world leadership in large station design passed to Germany, where state funding helped secure the building of central stations on a lavish scale." By contrast, British entrepreneurialism led to a great diversity of ownership and rights and a lack of centralised coherence in the construction of major stations. In time the urban expansion that put many of these stations at the heart of a city, also hemmed them in so that, although they became increasingly central to the town or city, they were further away from airports or, in some cases, other transport hubs such as bus stations leading to a lack of interoperability and interconnectivity between the different modes of transport. A revival of fortunes for central stations arose during the 1980s, boosted by the advent of high speed rail and light rail services, that saw opportunities being seized for upgrading central stations and their facilities to create large intermodal transport hubs simultaneously serving many modes of transport, while providing a range of modern facilities for the traveller, Present-day function Transport nodes Today, central stations, particularly in Europe, act as termini for a multitude of rail services - suburban, regional, domestic and international - provided by national carriers or private companies, on conventional rail networks, underground railways and tram systems. These services are often divided between several levels. In many cases, central railway stations are collocated with bus stations as well as taxi services. which makes them "one of the most complex social areas" of the city. == "Central Station" as a name ==
"Central Station" as a name
English-speaking countries "Central Station" is a common proper name for a railway station that is the central or primary railway hub for a city, for example, Manchester Central, which is not to be confused with those stations in which "Central" appears in name not because they were "central" in the sense above but because they were once served by railway companies with "Central" as part of their name. For example, Leicester Central railway station was owned by the Great Central Railway, and Central Station (Chicago) was owned by the Illinois Central Railroad. Some Great Western Railway stations in the UK had "General" in their name if they were the principal station serving the town. Apart from Wrexham General, all have been renamed. Non-English-speaking countries When translating foreign station names, "Central Station" is commonly used if the literal meaning of the station's name is "central station", "principal station" or "main station". An example of the last is the Danish word hovedbanegård. Travel and rail sources such as Rough Guides, generally use the native name, but tourist, travel and railway operator websites as well as the English publications of some national railway operators often use "Central Station" or "central railway station" instead. Non-English names for "Central Station" include: • Централна гара (tsentralna gara) in Bulgarianstřed or hlavní nádraží in CzechCentraal Station (abbreviated formerly as CS and currently as Centraal) in DutchGare centrale in FrenchHauptbahnhof, historically also Centralbahnhof or Zentralbahnhof, in Germanתחנה מרכזית (tahana merkazit) in HebrewStazione Centrale (abbreviated C.le) in Italiansentralstasjon in NorwegianEstação Central in PortugueseEstación Central in Spanishcentralstation (abbreviated central or C) in Swedish Non-English terms that literally mean "principal station" or "main station" are often translated into English as "Central": • Glavni kolodvor (abbreviated Gl. kol.) in Croatianhlavní nádraží (abbreviated hl. n.) in Czechhovedbanegård (abbreviated H) in DanishHauptbahnhof (abbreviated Hbf in Germany and Austria and HB in Switzerland) in GermanDworzec Główny (abbreviated Gł.) in Polishhlavná stanica (abbreviated hl. st.) in Slovak == Examples of central stations ==
Examples of central stations
The following are examples of stations from around the world where "Central Station" is part of their name in English or can be translated as such from their native language. Europe Austria Wien HauptbahnhofGraz HauptbahnhofLinz HauptbahnhofSalzburg HauptbahnhofInnsbruck HauptbahnhofSt. Pölten HauptbahnhofWels HauptbahnhofWörgl HauptbahnhofLeoben Hauptbahnhof Belarus Brest Central Station (Brest-Centralny, Брест-Центральный) Belgium Three stations in Belgium are named "-Central" (Dutch Centraal). • Antwerp Central Station (Antwerpen-Centraal) • Brussels Central Station (Bruxelles-Central / Brussel-Centraal) - not to be confused with the city's main international station, Brussels Midi (meaning "Brussels south"; the French word "Midi" is generally used as the station's name in English). • Verviers-Central railway station (Verviers-Central) Bulgaria There are three stations with "central" in their names: • Central Railway Station, Sofia (Централна гара София) • Central Railway Station, Plovdiv (Централна гара Пловдив) • Ruse Central railway station (Централна гара Русе) Czech Republic The following stations are named "hlavní nádraží" (English: 'main station', abbreviated hl.n.): • Brno hlavní nádraží (Brno) • Česká Lípa hlavní nádraží (Česká Lípa) • Děčín hlavní nádraží (Děčín) • Hradec Králové hlavní nádraží (Hradec Králové) • Karviná hlavní nádraží (Karviná) • Kutná Hora hlavní nádraží (Kutná Hora) • Mladá Boleslav hlavní nádraží (Mladá Boleslav) • Nymburk hlavní nádraží (Nymburk) • Olomouc hlavní nádraží (Olomouc) • Ostrava hlavní nádraží (Ostrava) • Pardubice hlavní nádraží (Pardubice) • Plzeň hlavní nádraží (Plzeň) • Praha hlavní nádraží (Prague)Hlavní nádraží – the corresponding metro station in Prague • Prostějov hlavní nádraží (Prostějov) • Trutnov hlavní nádraží (Trutnov) • Ústí nad Labem hlavní nádraží (Ústí nad Labem) The following stations are named "střed" or "centrum", indicating their central location between other stations serving the town: • Brumov střed (Brumov) • Louny střed (Louny) • Mikulášovice střed (Mikulášovice) • Ostrava střed(Ostrava) • Pardubice centrum, (Pardubice) • Smržovka střed (Smržovka) • Trutnov střed (Trutnov) • Zlín střed (Zlín) In addition to the above, Praha Masarykovo nádraží was named "Praha střed" from 1953 until 1990. Denmark Two Danish stations, as follows, have names often translated as "Central". • Aarhus Central Station – the busiest Danish station outside the Copenhagen area • Copenhagen Central Station – the largest station in Denmark Both stations bear the title of Hovedbanegård in Danish, which literally translated means main-(rail)way-yard, but which actually refers to the infrastructure complexity, size and importance. A station of lesser importance is called a banegård. However a city can have several banegårde as well as a hovedbanegård, and several cities and towns that have a banegård such as Aalborg do not have a hovedbanegård. Thus, Copenhagen Central Station is not the most central in Copenhagen, nor is it the most central that serves a broad range of routes, that would be Nørreport Station, which has been translated into English as Nørreport Metro Station. Copenhagen Central Station is however the most important, with its many more platforms and historic facilities (that has now been moved to other locations, in response to changed need from modern locomotives, wagons and coaches), and despite serving almost the same amount of regional and intercity trains as Nørreport, it allows for longer stops and with much more room for passengers to traverse the station along serving international trains. Finland Two Finnish stations can be translated to central: • Helsinki Central railway station (Finnish: Helsingin päärautatieasema, Swedish: Helsingfors centralstation) • Turku Central railway station (Finnish: Turun päärautatieasema, Swedish: Åbo centralstation) France Strasbourg-Ville station, StrasbourgMarseille-Saint-Charles station, MarseilleNantes station, NantesNice-Ville station, Nice Germany sign giving directions in three languages to Koblenz Hauptbahnhof. The German word for "central station" is Hauptbahnhof (literally "main railway station"); historically Centralbahnhof and Zentralbahnhof were also used. Geographically central stations may be named Mitte or Stadtmitte ("city centre"), e.g. Koblenz Stadtmitte station. In most German cities with more than one passenger station, the principal station is usually the Hauptbahnhof; some German sources translate this as "central station" although stations named Hauptbahnhof may not be centrally located. While using Hauptbahnhof in its journey planner and passenger information, in English-language publications Deutsche Bahn uses variously Hauptbahnhof, Main The following stations historically bore the name Centralbahnhof or Zentralbahnhof as part of their proper name (See Centralbahnhof): • Chemnitz HauptbahnhofKöln HauptbahnhofFrankfurt HauptbahnhofHamburg Dammtor station: documents from around the time of the opening of the station refer to Centralbahnhof. or Zentral-Bahnhof. • Ingolstadt HauptbahnhofMagdeburg HauptbahnhofMainz HauptbahnhofMünchen Hauptbahnhof until 1 May 1904. • Oldenburg Hauptbahnhof (called Centralbahnhof Oldenburg from 1879 to 1911) • Osnabrück Hauptbahnhof • Stuttgart Zentralbahnhof (or Centralbahnhof) was a centrally located station on the Zentralbahn (replaced by Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, which opened on a new site east of the centre in 1922). Italy Agrigento Centrale railway stationBari Centrale railway stationBari Centrale railway station (FAL)Barletta Centrale railway station (FNB)Bologna Centrale railway stationCaltanissetta Centrale railway stationCatania Centrale railway stationGorizia Centrale railway stationLa Spezia Centrale railway stationLamezia Terme Centrale railway stationLivorno Centrale railway stationMessina Centrale railway stationMilano Centrale railway stationNapoli Centrale railway stationNardò Centrale railway stationPalermo Centrale railway stationPescara Centrale railway stationPisa Centrale railway stationPorto Empedocle Centrale railway stationPotenza Centrale railway stationPrato Centrale railway stationReggio Calabria Centrale railway stationTarvisio Centrale railway station - now closed • Torre Annunziata Centrale railway stationTrieste Centrale railway stationTreviglio railway station, also known as Treviglio CentraleTreviso Centrale railway station Netherlands In the Netherlands, a centraal station (abbreviated CS), in its original sense, was a railway station served by several railway companies; so it had the same meaning as a union station in the USA. Since the various private railways were merged in the early 20th century into a national railway, the term came to mean, in everyday language, the main railway station of a city. Since the 2000s, the rule is that a city's principal station may be called "Centraal" if it has more than a certain number of passengers per day (currently 40.000). This meant that Almere Centraal had to be demoted to "Almere Centrum"; however, Leiden was renamed "Leiden Centraal". Additionally, stations with international high-speed trains may be given the name Centraal; this applies to Arnhem. Breda was intended to receive the epithet after renovation in 2016, but since high speed services do not yet call there, it is still called Breda. Non-railway signage, such as on buses or roads, sometimes indicates Centraal or CS even when a city's main railway station is not actually so named. Eight stations have the word Centraal: • Amsterdam CentraalDen Haag CentraalLeiden CentraalRotterdam CentraalUtrecht CentraalArnhem CentraalEindhoven CentraalAmersfoort Centraal There are also stations with the word Centrum, which indicates the station is in the city centre: • Almere CentrumBarneveld CentrumEde CentrumKerkrade CentrumLelystad CentrumSchiedam CentrumVeenendaal CentrumVlaardingen Centrum Norway Oslo Central Station (Oslo Sentralstasjon) • Trondheim Central Station (Trondheim Sentralstasjon) Poland The designation "main station" (Dworzec główny, abbreviated to " Gł.") is used in many Polish cities to indicate the most important passenger or goods station, for instance Szczecin Główny. However, there is an exception: Warszawa Centralna railway station is the principal station in Warsaw, but Warszawa Główna railway station (reopened in March 2021) is the terminus for several train services. The following stations are named "main station" (dworzec główny): The adjective "main" is thus not used only for stations in a few capitals of voivodeships, including: Białystok, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Katowice and Łódź. Sweden In Sweden the term "central station" (Centralstation, abbreviated to Central or C) is used to indicate the primary station in towns and cities with more than one railway station. Many are termini for one or more lines. However, the term can also occur in a broader sense, even being used for the only railway station in a town. In some cases, this is because other stations have closed; but in others the station is called "central" even though there has only ever been one. In these cases, the term "central" was used to highlight the level of service provided, due to the station's importance in the network, particularly at important railway junctions. Switzerland Basel SBB railway station was originally known as the Centralbahnhof or, in English, Basle Central Station and is still sometimes referred to today as the Centralbahnhof or Basel/Basle Central Station. The name of Zürich Hauptbahnhof, often shortened to Zürich HB or just HB, literally translated into English, is Zurich Main Station, but, as indicated in the Germany section above, some German sources translate Hauptbahnhof as "central station". Turkey Adana railway stationAnkara railway stationEskişehir railway stationGaziantep railway stationKars railway stationKayseri railway stationMersin railway station United Kingdom Many railway stations in Britain that use 'Central' are not principal stations, and are called Central to distinguish them from other stations with different names, or for prestige. In some cases, a station originally owned by the Great Central Railway in locations served by more than one station was called Central. Town also appears: for example distinguishes it from station. One of the few principal stations in Britain that is called 'Central' and truly is in the centre of the city it serves is Glasgow Central. Though Glasgow was once served by four principal terminus stations, all within the city centre, only one was called 'Central'. With a few exceptions such as the Argyle line, Glasgow Central serves all stations south of the city while Glasgow Queen Street is the principal station for all services north of the city. Likewise, Cardiff Central is located in the city centre and is the mainline hub of the South Wales rail network, which includes 19 other stations in Cardiff itself, including another principal city centre station, Cardiff Queen Street. Not all the stations in the following list still exist. • Acton Central railway stationBelfast Grand Central stationBirkenhead Central railway stationBrackley Central railway stationBurnley Central railway stationCardiff Central railway stationCentral railway station (London)Central Croydon railway stationChesterfield Central railway stationCoatbridge Central railway stationDumbarton Central railway stationExeter Central railway stationFinchley Central tube stationFolkestone Central railway stationGainsborough Central railway stationGlasgow Central railway stationGreenock Central railway stationHackney Central railway stationHamilton Central railway stationHelensburgh Central railway stationHendon Central tube stationHounslow Central tube stationHyde Central railway stationKirkby-in-Ashfield Central railway stationLeicester Central railway stationLincoln Central railway stationLiverpool Central railway stationLoughborough Central railway stationManchester Central railway stationMansfield Central railway stationMilton Keynes Central railway stationNew Mills Central railway stationNewcastle Central railway station and associated Central Station Metro stationRedcar Central railway stationRotherham Central railway stationRugby Central railway stationSt Helens Central railway stationSt Helens Central (GCR) railway stationSalford Central railway stationScarborough Central railway stationSouthampton Central railway stationSouthend Central railway stationStaveley Central railway stationSutton-in-Ashfield Central railway stationTelford Central railway stationTuxford Central railway stationWalthamstow Central stationWarrington Central railway stationWembley Central stationWindsor & Eton Central railway stationWrexham Central railway station Central America CubaCentral Railway Station, Havana, commuter and national rail station in Havana North America CanadaCentral station (Edmonton), in EdmontonMontreal Central Station, in MontrealGuelph Central Station, an intermodal (rail/bus) station in Guelph United States In the United States, several "Central" stations were built by railways called "Central", the best known example being Grand Central Station in New York City, which is so named because it was built by the New York Central Railroad. This contrasts with a union station, which, in the past, served more than one railway company (the equivalent term in Europe is a joint station). The government-funded Amtrak took over the operation of all intercity passenger rail in the 1970s and 1980s. • Buffalo Central Terminal, in Buffalo, New York • Central Station, ChicagoGrand Central Station, Chicago • Central (CTA Green Line), Chicago, Illinois • Central (CTA Purple Line), Evanston, Illinois • Central Station (JTA Skyway), Jacksonville, FloridaCentral Station (Memphis), Memphis, TennesseeMiamiCentral, Miami, FloridaGrand Central Terminal, New York CityGreat Central Station, Chicago South America ArgentinaEstación Central in Buenos Aires, Argentina operated from 1872 to 1897. Brazil Rio de Janeiro. In Brazil, "Central Station" is called as "Estação Central" and can be a place that integrates bus or train. • Central do Brasil, in Rio de JaneiroEstação da Luz, in São PauloCentral station (Federal District Metro) Chile • Estación Alameda in Santiago, Chile is known unofficially as Estación Central Asia Azerbaijan Baku railway stationSumgait railway station Bangladesh Kamalapur Railway Station Hong KongCentral and Hong Kong stations, a main interchange station of the MTR rapid transit system (located in Central; served by the Airport Express, Island line, Tsuen Wan line and Tung Chung line.) IndiaKanpur Central (CNB), in Kanpur, Uttar PradeshMangalore Central (MAQ) in Mangalore, KarnatakaMumbai Central (MMCT), in Mumbai, MaharashtraTrivandrum Central (TVC), in Trivandrum, KeralaMGR Chennai Central (MAS), in Chennai, Tamil Nadu IndonesiaManggarai Central Station (MRI) in Tebet, South Jakarta IsraelBe'er Sheva Center railway station, Be'er ShevaHaifa Center HaShmona railway station, HaifaModi'in Central railway station, Modi'inTel Aviv Savidor Central railway station, Tel AvivJerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station, Jerusalem JapanKagoshima-Chūō Station in Kagoshima, formerly Nishi-Kagoshima Station Malaysia Sentral is the Malay spelling for the English word central. • Kuala Lumpur Sentral station, in Kuala Lumpur South Korea In South Korea, major railway stations of the city don't usually have additional names besides the name of the respective city, like these examples below. • Seoul Station in SeoulBusan Station in Busan However, some stations do have a term 중앙(Jungang)(literally. Central) in their names to differentiate the original station. These stations are usually located in closer locations to the city centre. • Changwon Jungang station in ChangwonDongducheon Jungang station in DongducheonSamseong Jungang station in Samseong-dong, Seoul • Jung-ang station (Uijeongbu) in Uijeongbu Also, there are Jungang metro stations which are named after the neighborhood name, Jungang-dong. • Jungang station (Ansan)Jungang station (Busan Metro) TaiwanTaipei Main Station in Taipei CityTaichung railway station in Taichung CityKaohsiung Main Station in Kaohsiung City ThailandKrung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal, also known as Bang Sue Grand Station, is the current central station of Bangkok, Thailand • Hua Lamphong railway station is the former central station of Bangkok until 19 January 2023 • Hat Yai Junction railway station is the central station of Hat Yai • Chachoengsao Junction railway station is the central station of Chachoengsao Africa South AfricaCape Town railway station, Cape TownBloemfontein railway station, BloemfonteinDurban railway station, DurbanJohannesburg Park station, JohannesburgKimberley railway station, KimberleyMafikeng railway station, RustenburgPietermaritzburg railway station, PietermaritzburgPretoria railway station, Pretoria Oceania AustraliaCentral railway station, BrisbaneMelbourne Central railway station, named after Melbourne Central Shopping Centre, MelbourneCentral railway station, Sydney, also known as Sydney Terminal, SydneyGawler Central railway station, AdelaideWynnum Central railway station, Brisbane • Cockburn Central railway station, Perth == References ==
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