MarketDecember 20
Company Profile

December 20

December 20 is the 354th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 11 days remain until the end of the year.

Events
Pre-1600AD 69Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian. • 944Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos is arrested by two of his sons, forced to abdicate and to live as a monk for the rest of his life. • 1046Emperor Henry III convenes the synod of Sutri to mediate between different claimants to the papacy. • 1192Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after the Third Crusade. • 1334Cardinal Jacques Fournier, a Cistercian monk, is elected Pope Benedict XII. 1601–19001803 – The Louisiana Purchase is completed at a ceremony in New Orleans. • 1808Peninsular War: The Siege of Zaragoza begins. • 1832HMS Clio under the command of Captain Onslow arrives at Port Egmont under orders to take possession of the Falkland Islands. • 1848French presidential election: Having won the popular vote in a landslide, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is inaugurated in the chamber of the National Assembly as the first (and only) president of the French Second Republic. • 1860South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States with the South Carolina Declaration of Secession. 1901–present1915World War I: The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli. • 1917Cheka, the first Soviet secret police force, is founded. • 1924Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison. • 1940Captain America Comics #1, containing the first appearance of the superhero Captain America, is published. • 1941World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers", in Kunming, China. • 1942 – World War II: Japanese air forces bomb Calcutta, India. • 1946 – ''It's a Wonderful Life'' premieres at the Globe Theatre in New York to mixed reviews. [1] • 1946 – An earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan causes a tsunami which kills at least one thousand people and destroys 36,000 homes. • 1948Indonesian National Revolution: The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia. • 1951 – The EBR-1 in Arco, Idaho becomes the first nuclear power plant to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs. • 1952 – A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns in Moses Lake, Washington, killing 87 of the 115 people on board. • 1955Cardiff is proclaimed the capital city of Wales, United Kingdom. • 1957 – The initial production version of the Boeing 707 makes its first flight. • 1960Vietnam War: The National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, popularly known as the Viet Cong, is formally established in Tân Lập village, present day Tây Ninh province. • 1968 – The Zodiac Killer murders his first two officially confirmed victims, David Arthur Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen, on Lake Herman Road in Benicia, California, United States. • 1970Koza riot: After a series of hit-and-runs and other vehicular incidents involving American service personnel, roughly 5,000 Okinawans take to the streets, clashing with American law enforcement in protest against the U.S. occupation of Okinawa. • 1973Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco: A car bomb planted by ETA in Madrid kills three people, including the Prime Minister of Spain, Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco. • 1977 – With the approval of the State Council, China's two largest newspapers, the ''People's Daily and the Guangming Daily'', publish in full for the first time the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme. • 1984 – The Summit Tunnel fire, one of the largest transportation tunnel fires in history, burns after a freight train carrying over one million liters of gasoline derails near the town of Todmorden, England, in the Pennines. • 1984 – Disappearance of Jonelle Matthews from Greeley, Colorado. Her remains were discovered on July 23, 2019, located about southeast of Jonelle's home. The cause of death "was a gunshot wound to the head." • 1985Pope John Paul II announces the creation of World Youth Day. • 1987 – In the worst peacetime sea disaster, the passenger ferry Doña Paz sinks after colliding with the oil tanker MT Vector in the Tablas Strait of the Philippines, killing an estimated 4,000 people (1,749 official). • 1988War on drugs: The United Nations agrees upon and promulgates the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, one of three major drug control treaties currently in force. • 1989 – The United States invasion of Panama deposes Manuel Noriega. • 1991 – A Missouri court sentences the Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria to death for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina. • 1995 – American Airlines Flight 965, a Boeing 757, crashes into a mountain 50 km north of Cali, Colombia, killing 159 of the 163 people on board. • 1999Macau is handed over to China by Portugal. • 2004 – A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million worth of currency from the Donegall Square West headquarters of Northern Bank in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, one of the largest bank robberies in British history. • 2007Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch in the history of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years and 243 days. • 2007 – The Portrait of Suzanne Bloch (1904), by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, and O Lavrador de Café by Brazilian modernist painter Cândido Portinari, are stolen from the São Paulo Museum of Art in Brazil. Both will be recovered a few weeks later. • 2016Aerosucre Flight 157 crashes during takeoff from Germán Olano Airport in Puerto Carreño, Colombia, killing five people. • 2019 – The United States Space Force becomes the first new branch of the United States Armed Forces since 1947. • 2022 – A Vega C rocket carrying two Pléiades Neo satellites fails after liftoff. • 2024 – Six people are killed and over 200 are injured when an anti-Islam activist drives a car into a crowd at a Christmas market in Magdeburg, Germany. • 2024 – A mass stabbing occurs in a primary school in Zagreb, Croatia, in which a 7-year-old pupil is killed and six more are injured by a knife-wielding 19-year-old male. ==Births==
Births
Pre-16001494Oronce Finé, French mathematician and cartographer (died 1555) • 1496Joseph ha-Kohen, historian and physician (died 1575) • 1537John III, king of Sweden (died 1592) • 1576John Sarkander, Moravian priest and saint (died 1620) 1601–19001626Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff, German scholar and politician (died 1692) • 1629Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter (died 1684) • 1641Urban Hjärne, Swedish chemist, geologist, and physician (died 1724) • 1740Arthur Lee, American physician and diplomat (died 1792) • 1786Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (died 1853) • 1792Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, French painter and educator (died 1845) • 1806Martín Carrera, Mexican general and president (1855) (died 1871) • 1812Laura M. Hawley Thurston, American poet and educator (died 1842) • 1838Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian, author, and educator (died 1926) • 1841Ferdinand Buisson, French academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1932) • 1851Knut Wicksell, Swedish economist (died 1926) • 1861Ferdinand Bonn, German actor (died 1933) • 1861 – Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (died 1926) • 1865Elsie de Wolfe, American actress and interior decorator (died 1950) • 1868Harvey Samuel Firestone, American businessman, founded the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (died 1938) • 1869Charley Grapewin, American actor (died 1956) • 1871Henry Kimball Hadley, American composer and conductor (died 1937) • 1873Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian, author, and academic (died 1948) • 1873 – Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Turkish poet, academic, and politician (died 1936) • 1874Mary Ann Bevan, English nurse who, after developing acromegaly, toured the circus sideshow circuit as "the ugliest woman in the world" (died 1933) • 1881Branch Rickey, American baseball player and manager (died 1965) • 1884Ruhana Kuddus, Indonesian activist and journalist (died 1972) • 1886Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, American tennis player and businessman (died 1974) • 1888Yitzhak Baer, German-Israeli historian and academic (died 1980) • 1888 – Fred Merkle, American baseball player and manager (died 1956) • 1890Yvonne Arnaud, French pianist, actress and singer (died 1958) • 1890 – Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967) • 1891Erik Almlöf, Swedish triple jumper (died 1971) • 1894Robert Menzies, Australian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (died 1978) • 1898Konstantinos Dovas, Greek general and politician, 156th Prime Minister of Greece (died 1973) • 1898 – Irene Dunne, American actress and singer (died 1990) • 1899Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Welsh preacher and physician (died 1981) • 1900Lissy Arna, German actress (died 1964) • 1900 – Gabby Hartnett, American baseball player and manager (died 1972) 1901–present1901Robert J. Van de Graaff, American physicist and academic, invented the Van de Graaff generator (died 1967) • 1902Prince George, Duke of Kent (died 1942) • 1902 – Sidney Hook, American philosopher and author (died 1989) • 1904Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 1984) • 1904 – Yevgenia Ginzburg, Russian author (died 1977) • 1905Bill O'Reilly, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (died 1992) • 1907Paul Francis Webster, American soldier and songwriter (died 1984) • 1908Dennis Morgan, American actor and singer (died 1994) • 1909Vakkom Majeed, Indian journalist and politician (died 2000) • 1911Hortense Calisher, American author (died 2009) • 1914Harry F. Byrd Jr., American lieutenant, publisher, and politician (died 2013) • 1915Aziz Nesin, Turkish author and poet (died 1995) • 1916Michel Chartrand, Canadian trade union leader and activist (died 2010) • 1917David Bohm, American-English physicist, neuropsychologist, and philosopher (died 1992) • 1917 – Cahit Külebi, Turkish poet and author (died 1997) • 1917 – Audrey Totter, American actress (died 2013) • 1918Jean Marchand, Canadian trade union leader and politician, 43rd Secretary of State for Canada (died 1988) • 1920Väinö Linna, Finnish author (died 1992) • 1921George Roy Hill, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2002) • 1922Beverly Pepper, American sculptor and painter (died 2020) • 1922 – William Soeryadjaya, Chinese-Indonesian businessman and co-founder of Astra International (died 2010) • 1924Charlie Callas, American actor and comedian (died 2011) • 1924 – Judy LaMarsh, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 42nd Secretary of State for Canada (died 1980) • 1925Benito Lorenzi, Italian footballer (died 2007) • 1926Marcel Douzima, Central African lawyer and politician (died 2012) • 1926Geoffrey Howe, Welsh lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 2015) • 1926 – Otto Graf Lambsdorff, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of Economics (died 2009) • 1927Michael Beaumont, 22nd Seigneur of Sark, English engineer and politician (died 2016) • 1927 – Jim Simpson, American sportscaster (died 2016) • 1927 – Kim Young-sam, South Korean soldier and politician, 7th President of South Korea (died 2015) • 1928John Menkes, Austrian-American pediatric and writer (died 2008) • 1929Don Sunderlage, American basketball player (died 1961) • 1931Mala Powers, American actress (died 2007) • 1931 – Hristina Obradović, Serbian hegumenia and abbess (died 2026) • 1932Antoine Mbary-Daba, Central African politician, bureaucrat, and diplomat (died ). • 1932John Hillerman, American actor (died 2017) • 1933Olavi Salonen, Finnish runner (died 2025) • 1933 – Rik Van Looy, Belgian cyclist (died 2024) • 1935Khalid Ibadulla, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster (died 2024) • 1939Kathryn Joosten, American actress (died 2012) • 1939 – Kim Weston, American soul singer • 1942Rana Bhagwandas, Pakistani lawyer and judge, Chief Justice of Pakistan (died 2015) • 1942 – Bob Hayes, American sprinter and football player (died 2002) • 1942 – Jean-Claude Trichet, French banker and economist • 1942 – Roger Woodward, Australian classical pianist, composer, conductor, teacher and human rights activist. • 1944Ray Martin, Australian television host and journalist • 1945Peter Criss, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer • 1945 – Sivakant Tiwari, Indian-Singaporean lawyer and author (died 2010) • 1946Uri Geller, Israeli-English magician and psychic • 1946 – Sonny Perdue, American politician, 31st United States Secretary of Agriculture, 81st Governor of Georgia • 1946 – Dick Wolf, American director, producer, and screenwriter • 1948Alan Parsons, English keyboard player and producer • 1948 – Mitsuko Uchida, Japanese pianist • 1949Soumaïla Cissé, Malian engineer and politician (died 2020) • 1949 – Cecil Cooper, American baseball player and manager • 1950Arturo Márquez, Mexican-American composer • 1951Nuala O'Loan, Baroness O'Loan, Northern Irish academic and police ombudsman • 1951 – Marta Russell, American author and activist (died 2013) • 1952Jenny Agutter, English actress • 1958Doug Nordquist, American high jumper • 1958 – James Thomson, American biologist and academic • 1959George Coupland, Scottish scientist • 1959 – Hildegard Körner, German runner • 1959 – Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Polish physicist and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Poland1960Nalo Hopkinson, Jamaican-Canadian author and educator • 1960 – Kim Ki-duk, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2020) • 1961Mohammad Fouad, Egyptian singer-songwriter and actor • 1963Joel Gretsch, American actor • 1972 – Anders Odden, Norwegian guitarist, songwriter, and producer • 1974Die, Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and producer • 1975Bartosz Bosacki, Polish footballer • 1976Nenad Vučković, Croatian footballer • 1978Yoon Kye-sang, South Korean singer • 1978 – Andrei Markov, Russian-Canadian ice hockey player • 1978 – Geremi Njitap, Cameroon footballer • 1978 – Bouabdellah Tahri, French runner • 1979Michael Rogers, Australian cyclist • 1980Israel Castro, Mexican footballer • 1980 – Ashley Cole, English footballer • 1980 – Anthony da Silva, French-Portuguese footballer • 1980 – Martín Demichelis, Argentine footballer • 1981Royal Ivey, American basketball player and coach • 1981 – James Shields, American baseball player • 1982Mohammad Asif, Pakistani cricketer • 1982 – David Cook, American singer-songwriter • 1983Jonah Hill, American actor, producer, and screenwriter • 1986Chay Genoway, Canadian ice hockey player • 1987Malcolm Jenkins, American football player • 1990JoJo, American singer and actress • 1990 – Marta Xargay, Spanish basketball player • 1991Rachael Boyle, Scottish footballer • 1991 – Jorginho, Brazilian footballer • 1991 – Jillian Rose Reed, American actress • 1992Ksenia Makarova, Russian-American figure skater • 1993Andrea Belotti, Italian footballer • 1993 – Robeisy Ramírez, Cuban boxer • 1994Calvin Ridley, American football player • 1995Anžejs Pasečņiks, Latvian basketball player • 1996Jarrod Bowen, English football player • 1997De'Aaron Fox, American basketball player • 1997 – Suzuka Nakamoto, Japanese singer • 1998Kylian Mbappé, French footballer • 2000Gaboro, Assyrian Swedish rapper and songwriter (died 2024) • 2001Facundo Pellistri, Uruguayan footballer ==Deaths==
Deaths
Pre-160069Titus Flavius Sabinus, a Roman politician and soldier • 217Zephyrinus, pope of the Catholic Church • 910Alfonso III, king of Asturias • 977Fujiwara no Kanemichi, Japanese statesman (born 925) • 1295Margaret of Provence, French queen (born 1221) • 1326Peter of Moscow, Russian metropolitan bishop • 1340John I, duke of Bavaria (born 1329) • 1355Stefan Dušan, emperor of Serbia (born 1308) • 1539Johannes Lupi, Flemish composer (born 1506) • 1552Katharina von Bora, wife of Martin Luther (born 1499) • 1590Ambroise Paré, French physician and surgeon (born 1510) 1601–19001658Jean Jannon, French designer and typefounder (born 1580) • 1722Kangxi, emperor of the Qing Dynasty (born 1654) • 1723Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, German physician and botanist (born 1652) • 1740Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon, English field marshal and politician, Governor of Portsmouth (born 1675) • 1765Louis-Ferdinand, Dauphin of France (born 1729) • 1768Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, Italian poet and academic (born 1692) • 1783Antonio Soler, Spanish priest and composer (born 1729) • 1812Sacagawea, American explorer (born 1788) • 1820John Bell, American farmer (born 1750) • 1849Kyai Maja, Javanese ulama and commander of Java War (born 1792) • 1856Francesco Bentivegna, Italian activist (born 1820) • 1862Robert Knox, Scottish surgeon and zoologist (born 1791) • 1880Gaspar Tochman, Polish-American colonel and lawyer (born 1797) • 1889George F. Durand, Canadian architect (born 1850) • 1893George C. Magoun, American businessman (born 1840) 1901–present1915Upendrakishore Ray, Indian painter and composer (born 1863) • 1916Arthur Morgan, Australian politician, 16th Premier of Queensland (born 1856) • 1917Lucien Petit-Breton, French-Argentinian cyclist (born 1882) • 1919Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (born 1835) • 1920Linton Hope, English sailor and architect (born 1863) • 1921Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist (born 1852) • 1925João Ferreira Sardo, the founder of Gafanha da Nazaré, also known as Prior Sardo (born 1873). • 1927Frederick Semple, American golfer and tennis player (born 1872) • 1929Émile Loubet, French lawyer and politician, 8th President of France (born 1838) • 1935Martin O'Meara, Irish-Australian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (born 1882) • 1937Erich Ludendorff, German general (born 1865) • 1938Annie Armstrong, American missionary (born 1850) • 1938 – Lida Howell, American archer (born 1859) • 1939Hans Langsdorff, German captain (born 1894) • 1940Sarita Colonia, Peruvian folk saint (born 1914) • 1941Igor Severyanin, Russian-Estonian poet and author (born 1887) • 1950Enrico Mizzi, Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (born 1885) • 1954James Hilton, English-American author and screenwriter (born 1900) • 1956Ramón Carrillo, Argentinian neurologist and physician (born 1906) • 1959Juhan Simm, Estonian composer and conductor (born 1885) • 1961Moss Hart, American director and playwright (born 1904) • 1961 – Earle Page, Australian soldier and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1880) • 1968John Steinbeck, American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902) • 1971Roy O. Disney, American banker and businessman, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (born 1893) • 1972Adolfo Orsi, Italian businessman (born 1888) • 1973Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish admiral and politician, 69th President of the Government of Spain (born 1904; assassinated) • 1973 – Bobby Darin, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1936) • 1974Rajani Palme Dutt, English journalist and politician (born 1896) • 1974 – André Jolivet, French composer and conductor (born 1905) • 1976Richard J. Daley, American lawyer and politician, 48th Mayor of Chicago (born 1902) • 1976Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo, Indonesian politician, 1st Governor of West Java (born 1890) • 1981Dimitris Rontiris, Greek actor and director (born 1899) • 1982Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-American pianist and composer (born 1887) • 1984Stanley Milgram, American psychologist and academic (born 1933) • 1984 – Dmitry Ustinov, Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union (1976–84) (born 1908) • 1986Joe DeSa, American baseball player (born 1959) • 1991Simone Beck, French chef and author (born 1904) • 1991 – Sam Rabin, English wrestler, singer, and sculptor (born 1903) • 1991 – Albert Van Vlierberghe, Belgian cyclist (born 1942) • 1993W. Edwards Deming, American statistician, author, and academic (born 1900) • 1993 – Nazife Güran, Turkish composer and educator (born 1921) • 1994Dean Rusk, American lawyer, and politician, 54th United States Secretary of State (born 1909) • 1995Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (born 1938) • 1996Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist (born 1934) • 1997Denise Levertov, English-American poet and translator (born 1923) • 1997 – Dick Spooner, English cricketer (born 1919) • 1997 – Dawn Steel, American film producer (born 1946) • 1998Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1916) • 1999Riccardo Freda, Egyptian-Italian director and screenwriter (born 1909) • 1999 – Hank Snow, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1914) • 2001Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician, 1st President of Senegal (born 1906) • 2005Raoul Bott, Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (born 1923) • 2006Anne Rogers Clark, American dog breeder and trainer (born 1929) • 2008Adrian Mitchell, English author, poet, and playwright (born 1932) • 2008 – Robert Mulligan, American director and producer (born 1925) • 2008 – Igor Troubetzkoy, Russian aristocrat and racing driver (born 1912) • 2009Brittany Murphy, American actress and singer (born 1977) • 2009 – Arnold Stang, American actor (born 1918) • 2010K. P. Ratnam, Sri Lankan academic and politician (born 1914) • 2011Barry Reckord, Jamaican playwright and screenwriter (born 1926) • 2012Stan Charlton, English footballer and manager (born 1929) • 2012 – Robert Juniper, Australian painter and sculptor (born 1929) • 2012 – Victor Merzhanov, Russian pianist and educator (born 1919) • 2013Pyotr Bolotnikov, Russian runner (born 1930) • 2014Per-Ingvar Brånemark, Swedish surgeon and academic (born 1929) • 2014 – John Freeman, English lawyer, politician, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States (born 1915) • 2020Fanny Waterman, British pianist (born 1920) • 2020 – Ezra Vogel, American sociologist (born 1930) • 2022Franco Harris, American football player (born 1950) • 2024Casey Chaos, American singer (born 1965) • 2024 – George Eastham, English footballer (born 1936) • 2024 – Rickey Henderson, American baseball player (born 1958) ==Holidays and observances==
Holidays and observances
• Abolition of Slavery Day, also known as Fête des Cafres (Réunion, French Guiana) • Bo Aung Kyaw Day (Myanmar) • Christian feast day: • Dominic of Silos • Blessed Michał PiaszczyńskiMacau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (Macau) ==References==
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