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1882

1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1882nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 882nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 82nd year of the 19th century, and the 3rd year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1882, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events
JanuaryJanuary 2 • The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates. • Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in New York at the beginning of a lecture tour of the United States and Canada. • January 12Holborn Viaduct power station in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation. FebruaryFebruary 3 – American showman P. T. Barnum acquires the elephant Jumbo from the London Zoo. • February 4Charles J. Guiteau, the murderer of President James A. Garfield, is sentenced to death (found guilty on January 25), despite an insanity defense raised by his lawyer. MarchMarch 2Roderick Maclean fails in an attempt to assassinate Queen Victoria, at Windsor. • March 6 (February 22 Old Style) – The Principality of Serbia becomes the Kingdom of Serbia following a proclamation. • March 20 – British gunboats enter Monrovia, with Arthur Havelock demanding that Liberia cede disputed territory to the British colony of Sierra Leone, of which he is Governor. • March 22Polygamy is made a felony by the Edmunds Act, passed by the United States Congress. • March 24Robert Koch announces the discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). • March 28 • Republican Jules Ferry makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (laique) and obligatory. • German medical products company Beiersdorf is founded. • March 29 – The Knights of Columbus, a Catholic fraternal service organization, is founded in New Haven, Connecticut. AprilApril 3Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back of the head and killed by Robert Ford in St. Joseph, Missouri. • April 29 – The Elektromote, the world's first trolleybus, begins operation in Berlin. MayMay 1 • The Berlin Philharmonic orchestra is founded in Germany, as Frühere Bilsesche Kapelle. • Édouard Manet exhibits his painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergère at the Paris Salon. • May 2 – The Kilmainham Treaty, an agreement between the British government and Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell to abate tenant rent arrears, is announced; Parnell is released from Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin. • May 6Phoenix Park Murders in Ireland: Lord Frederick Cavendish, the newly appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, and Thomas Henry Burke, his Permanent Undersecretary, are fatally stabbed in Phoenix Park, Dublin, by members of the Irish National Invincibles (militant Irish republicans). • The Chinese Exclusion Act, prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers, is the first law which restricts immigration into the United States. • May 18Burnley F.C. in Northern England changes codes, from rugby football to association football. • May 20 – The Triple Alliance is formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. JuneJune 6 • Supposedly, the Bombay Cyclone of 1882 in the Arabian Sea causes flooding in Bombay harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead; this alleged event has, however, been proved a hoax. • Battle of Embabo: The Shewan forces of Menelik II defeat the Gojjame army. • June 11 – The 'Urabi revolt breaks out in Egypt against Khedive Tewfik Pasha and European influence in that country. • June 28 – The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 is signed, marking territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone. • June 30 – U.S. presidential assassin Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. • JuneFerdinand von Lindemann publishes his proof of the transcendentality of pi. • St Andrew's Ambulance Association is founded in Glasgow, Scotland; St. John Ambulance Canada is also founded this year. JulyJuly 1113Anglo-Egyptian War: The British Mediterranean Fleet carries out the Bombardment of Alexandria, its forces capturing the city of Alexandria, Egypt, and securing the Suez Canal. • July 23 – The Imo Incident occurs in Seoul, Korea, as a result of bad rations and late payment for soldiers of the Joseon Army. • July 26Boers establish the republic of Stellaland in southern Africa. • Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal debuts, at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in Bavaria. • July 31 – The Hebrew Moshava of Rishon LeZion in Palestine is founded. AugustAugust 3 – The United States Congress passes the Immigration Act of 1882, imposing a head tax on immigrants to the U.S. and excluding undesirables. • August 5Standard Oil of New Jersey, the company later known as ExxonMobil, is established. • August 18 – The Married Women's Property Act 1882 receives royal assent in Britain; it enables women to buy, own and sell property, and to keep their own earnings. • August 20Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture debuts in Moscow. • August 29 – The Australian cricket team historically defeats England at The Oval for the first time on English soil, a humiliation for the English and the origin for The Ashes test series. SeptemberSeptember 4Thomas Edison flips the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in the United States, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan. This is considered by many as the day that begins the electrical age. • September 5 • The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City. • Tottenham Hotspur F.C. is founded (as Hotspur F.C.) in London. • September 13Anglo-Egyptian War: British troops occupy Cairo, and Egypt becomes a British protectorate. • Selwyn College, Cambridge, is founded after Queen Victoria grants a Charter of Incorporation. by David Gill. • September 18Great Comet of 1882: Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape, David Gill, reports watching the comet rise a few minutes before the Sun, describing it as "The nucleus was then undoubtedly single, and certainly rather under than over 4″ in diameter; in fact, as I have described it, it resembled very much a star of the 1st magnitude seen by daylight." OctoberOctober 5The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago (the modern-day Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by Felix Adler. • October 10 – The Bank of Japan opens in Tokyo City. • October 14 – The University of the Punjab at Lahore (British India), is founded in modern-day Pakistan. • October 16 – The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad ("Nickel Plate Road") runs its first trains over the entire system between Buffalo, New York, and Chicago. Nine days later the Seney Syndicate sells the road to William Henry Vanderbilt, for US$7.2 million. • October 21Waseda University is founded by Shigenobu Ōkuma in Japan as Tokyo Specializing School. NovemberNovember 2 – The Great Fire of Oulu destroys 27 buildings in the downtown of Oulu, Finland. • November 14Franklyn Leslie shoots Billy Claiborne dead in the streets of Tombstone, Arizona. • November 16 – The British Royal Navy's destroys Abari village in Niger. DecemberDecember 6 – A transit of Venus, the last until 2004, occurs. • DecemberZikhron Ya'akov is founded in northern Israel. Date unknown • The first International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins. • Zulu king Cetshwayo kaMpande returns to South Africa from England. • A peace treaty is signed between Paraguay and Uruguay. • Pogroms in Southern Russia end. • Nikola Tesla claims this is when he conceives the rotating magnetic field principle, which he later uses to invent his induction motor. • The British Chartered Institute of Patent Agents (the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys) is founded. • Redruth Mining School opens in Cornwall. • The Personal Liberty League is established to oppose the temperance movement in the United States. • Carolyn Merrick is elected president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the United States. • Founding of the following sports clubs: • Albion Rovers F.C. (through the amalgamation of two Coatbridge clubs, Albion and Rovers) in the urban west of Scotland; • Christchurch Rangers, the earliest predecessor of Queens Park Rangers F.C., in London; • Glentoran F.C. in Belfast in the north of Ireland; • Thames Ditton Lawn Tennis Club, the oldest lawn tennis club still on its original site, in the outer London suburbs; • Waterloo F.C., a rugby union club, as Serpentine on Merseyside in the north of England. == Births ==
Births
January January 5Edwin Barclay, 18th president of Liberia (d. 1955) • January 6Fan Noli, Albanian poet, political figure (d. 1965) • Ferdinand Pecora, Sicilian-born American lawyer (d. 1971) • Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1961) • January 9Otto Ruge, Norwegian general (d. 1961) • January 12Milton Sills, American actor (d. 1930) • January 17Arnold Rothstein, American gangster (d. 1928) • Noah Beery, American actor (d. 1946) • January 18A. A. Milne, British author (d. 1956) • January 20Johnny Torrio, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1957) • January 22Theodore Kosloff, Russian-born actor (d. 1956) • January 23Anna Abrikosova, Soviet Roman Catholic religious sister and servant of God (d. 1936) • January 25Virginia Woolf, English writer (d. 1941) • January 28Mary Boland, American actress (d. 1965) • Gengo Hyakutake, Japanese admiral (d. 1976) • Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1915) • January 30Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945) • January 31Fritz Leiber, American stage, screen actor (d. 1949) February February 1Vladimir Dimitrov, Bulgarian artist (d. 1960) • Louis St. Laurent, 12th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1973) • February 2Anne Bauchens, American film editor (d. 1967) • James Joyce, Irish author (d. 1941) • February 4E. J. Pratt, Canadian poet (d. 1964) • February 5Louis Wagner, French Grand Prix racer, aviator (d. 1960) • February 11Valli Valli, German-born British actress (d. 1927) • Joe Jordan, American ragtime composer (d. 1971) • February 12Walter Nash, 27th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1968) • February 15John Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942) • February 18Petre Dumitrescu, Romanian general (d. 1950) • February 20Alexander Carrick, Scottish sculptor (d. 1966) • February 22Eric Gill, English sculptor, writer (d. 1940) • February 24Bosman di Ravelli, South African concert pianist, composer, and writer (d. 1967) • February 26Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (d. 1968) • February 28Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (d. 1967) • Herbert Silberer, Austrian psychoanalyst (d. 1923) March March 3Charles Ponzi, Italian-born American con man (d. 1949) • March 6F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (d. 1980) • March 8Alfred A. Cunningham, first United States Marine Corps aviator (d. 1939) • March 12Carlos Blanco Galindo, 32nd President of Bolivia (d. 1943) • March 14Wacław Sierpiński, Polish mathematician (d. 1969) • Giuseppe Tellera, Italian general (d. 1941) • March 15Jim Lightbody, American middle-distance runner (d. 1953) • March 18Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (d. 1973) • March 20René Coty, 17th President of France (d. 1962) • March 22John W. Wilcox Jr., American admiral (d. 1942) • March 23Emmy Noether, German mathematician (d. 1935) • March 24George Monckton-Arundell, 8th Viscount Galway, English politician, 5th Governor-General of New Zealand (d. 1943) • March 30Melanie Klein, Austrian-born British child psychoanalyst (d. 1960) • Vittorio Tur, Italian admiral (d. 1969) April April 7Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1934) • April 17Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist (d. 1951) • April 18Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (d. 1948) • Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (d. 1977) • April 19Getúlio Vargas, 14th and 17th president of Brazil (d. 1954) • April 20Nicolae Ciupercă, Romanian general and politician (d. 1950) • Holland Smith, American general (d. 1967) • April 21Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961) • April 24Hugh Dowding, commander of the RAF Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain (d. 1970) • April 29Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman, Dutch artist, printer (d. 1945) May May 2James F. Byrnes, American politician, Secretary of State and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1972) • May 5Sylvia Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1960) • Sir Douglas Mawson, Australian Antarctic explorer (d. 1958) • May 6Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, heir-apparent of Emperor Wilhelm II (d. 1951) • May 9Henry J. Kaiser, American industrialist (d. 1967) • May 10Thurston Hall, American stage & screen actor (d. 1958) • May 13Georges Braque, French painter (d. 1963) • May 16Mary Gordon, Scottish stage and screen actress (d. 1963) • May 20Sigrid Undset, Norwegian author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949) • Fannie Salter, American lighthouse keeper (d. 1966) • May 25Marie Doro, American stage, silent film actress (d. 1956) • May 26Jess McMahon, American professional boxing, wrestling promoter (d. 1954) • May 28Avery Hopwood, American playwright (d. 1928) • May 30Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (d. 1915) June June 4Karl Valentin, German actor (d. 1948) • June 9Robert Kerr, Canadian sprinter (d. 1963) • June 10Nevile Henderson, British diplomat (d. 1942) • June 12Roi Cooper Megrue, American playwright (d. 1927) • June 15Ion Antonescu, Romanian prime minister, dictator (d. 1946) • June 16Mohammad Mosaddegh, Iranian politician, 35th Prime Minister of Iran (d. 1967) • June 17Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1918) • Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer (d. 1971) • June 18Georgi Dimitrov, 32nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1949) • June 21Lluís Companys, President of Catalonia (d. 1940) • June 28Valeska Suratt, American stage actress, silent film star (d. 1962) • June 29Ole Singstad, Norwegian-American civil engineer (d. 1969) July July 1Bidhan Chandra Roy, Indian physician and politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (d. 1962) • July 8Percy Grainger, Australian composer (d. 1961) • July 10Ima Hogg, American society leader, philanthropist, patron and collector of the arts (d. 1975) • July 17James Somerville, British admiral (d. 1949) • July 22Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967) • July 25George S. Rentz, United States Navy Chaplain, Navy Cross winner (d. 1942) • July 27Donald Crisp, English actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1974) • Geoffrey de Havilland, British aviation pioneer, aircraft company founder (d. 1965) • July 31Itamar Ben-Avi, first native speaker of Modern Hebrew (d. 1943) August August 11Rodolfo Graziani, Italian general (d. 1955) • August 14Gisela Richter, English art historian (d. 1972) • August 16Christian Mortensen, Danish supercentenarian, oldest verified male ever at the time of his death (d. 1998) • August 19MacGillivray Milne, United States Navy Captain, 27th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1959) • August 22Raymonde de Laroche, French aviator, first woman to receive an aviators license (d. 1919) • August 25Seán T. O'Kelly, second President of Ireland (d. 1966) • August 26James Franck, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964) September September 1Nicholas H. Heck, American geophysicist, oceanographer, and surveyor (d. 1953) • September 8Sada Cowan, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 1943) • September 10Károly Huszár, 25th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1941) • September 11William T. Bovie, American biophysicist, inventor (d. 1958) • September 12Ion Agârbiceanu, Romanian writer, journalist, politician and priest (d. 1963) • September 13Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969) • September 15 - Otto Weddigen, German U-boat commander during World War I (killed in action) (d. 1915) • September 16Robert Hichens, RMS Titanic quartermaster, man at the wheel when Titanic hit the iceberg (d. 1940) • September 22Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946) • September 29Lilias Armstrong, English phonetician (d. 1937) • September 30George Bancroft, American film actor (d. 1956) • Hans Geiger, German physicist (d. 1945) October October 2Boris Shaposhnikov, Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1945) • October 3A. Y. Jackson, Canadian painter (d. 1974) • October 5Robert H. Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945) • October 6Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (d. 1937) • October 8Harry McClintock, American singer (d. 1957) • October 14Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (d. 1915) • Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach and third President of Ireland (d. 1975) • Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959) • October 17Giulio Gavotti, Italian aviator (d. 1939) • October 20Bela Lugosi, Hungarian-born American actor (d. 1956) • October 24Sybil Thorndike, British stage, film actress (d. 1976) • October 25Florence Easton, English opera soprano (d. 1955) • Tony Jackson, American jazz musician (d. 1921) • October 30William Halsey Jr., American admiral (d. 1959) • Günther von Kluge, German field marshal (d. 1944) November November 6Feng Yuxiang, Chinese warlord and general (d. 1948) • November 8Ethel Clayton, American silent screen star (d. 1966) • November 11T. F. O'Rahilly, Irish academic (d. 1953) • King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973) • November 15Felix Frankfurter, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1965) • November 18Jacques Maritain, French Catholic philosopher (d. 1973) • Frances Gertrude McGill, Canadian forensic pathologist (d. 1959) • November 21Harold Lowe, Welsh 5th Officer of RMS Titanic (d. 1944) • November 27Leonie von Meusebach–Zesch, American dentist (d. 1944) • November 29Henri Fabre, French inventor of the first seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion (d. 1984) December December 9Percy C. Mather, English Protestant missionary (d. 1933) • Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (d. 1949) • December 11Subramania Bharati, Tamil Indian poet (d. 1921) • Max Born, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970) • December 12Ioannis Demestichas, Greek admiral (d. 1960) • December 16Jack Hobbs, English cricketer (d. 1963) • Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (d. 1967) • Walther Meissner, German technical physicist (d. 1974) • December 18Richard Maury, American naturalized Argentine engineer (d. 1950) • December 22Hisao Tani, Japanese general and war criminal (d. 1947) • December 23Mokichi Okada, Japanese religious leader (d. 1955) • December 24Georges Legagneux, French aviator (d. 1914) • December 28Arthur Eddington, English astronomer, astrophysicist and mathematician (d. 1944) • December 29Raymond Stanton Patton, American admiral, engineer and second Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (d. 1937) Date unknown Sediqeh Dowlatabadi, Persian feminist, women's rights activist and journalist (d. 1961) • Nellie Yu Roung Ling, Chinese dancer, lady-in-waiting in Qing imperial court (d. 1973) • T. Sathasiva Iyer, Ceylon Tamil scholar, Tamil language writer (d. 1950) • Ioryi Mucitano, Aromanian revolutionary (d. 1911) • Nicolae Velo, Aromanian poet and diplomat in Romania (d. 1924) == Deaths ==
Deaths
January–June January 6Richard Henry Dana Jr., founder of Dana Point, California (b. 1815) • January 7Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Polish pharmacist, inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of the first oil lamp (b. 1822) • January 10Henri Jules Bataille, French general (b. 1816) • January 11Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (b. 1810) • January 13Juraj Dobrila, Croatian bishop (b. 1812) • January 27Robert Christison, Scottish toxicologist, physician (b. 1797) • February 5Elizabeth Louisa Foster Mather, American writer (b. 1815) • March 9Giovanni Lanza, Italian politician (b. 1810) • March 19Carl Robert Jakobson, Estonian writer, politician, and teacher (b. 1841) • March 21Constantin Bosianu, 4th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1815) • March 23Gustavus H. Scott, American admiral (b. 1812) • March 24Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American author (b. 1807) • April 3Jesse James, American Western outlaw (b. 1847) • April 9Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet, painter (b. 1828) • April 11John Lenthall, American naval architect, shipbuilder (b. 1807) • April 13Bruno Bauer, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1809) • April 14Henri Giffard, French balloonist, aviation pioneer (b. 1825) • April 17George Jennings, English sanitary engineer (b. 1801) • Antonio Fontanesi, Italian painter (b. 1818) • April 19Charles Darwin, British naturalist (b. 1809) • April 25Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner, German astrophysicist (b. 1834) • April 27Ralph Waldo Emerson, American philosopher, writer (b. 1803) • May 3Leonidas Smolents, Austrian–Greek general and army minister (b. 1806) • May 5John Rodgers, American admiral (b. 1812) • June 2Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (b. 1807) • June 3Christian Wilberg, German painter (b. 1839) • June 22Pablo Buitrago y Benavente, First democratically elected Supreme Director of Nicaragua (b. 1807) • June 25François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806) • June 30Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer, businessman (b. 1827) • Charles J. Guiteau, American preacher, writer, lawyer, assassin of James A. Garfield (executed) (b. 1841) July–December July 4Joseph Brackett, American Shaker religious leader, composer (b. 1797) • July 7Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (b. 1843) • July 13Johnny Ringo, American cowboy (b. 1850) • July 16Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States (b. 1818) • July 19John William Bean, English criminal (b. 1824) • July 20Fanny Parnell, Irish poet, founder of the Ladies' Land League (b. 1848) • July 23George Perkins Marsh, American diplomat, philologist and pioneer environmentalist (b. 1801) • August 4Samuel Barron Stephens, American attorney and politician (b. 1814) • August 13William Stanley Jevons, English economist and logician (b. 1835) • August 16Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, French general (b. 1817) • August 25Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Estonian writer, physician (b. 1803) • August 31Pedro Luiz Napoleão Chernoviz, Brazilian physician, writer and publisher (b. 1812) • September 8Joseph Liouville, French mathematician (b. 1809) • September 14Georges Leclanché, French electrical engineer and inventor (b. 1839) • September 16Edward Bouverie Pusey, British churchman (b. 1800) • September 23Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (b. 1800) • September 30José Milla y Vidaurre, Guatemalan writer (b. 1822) • October 13Arthur de Gobineau, French writer, demographist (b. 1816) • November 7Julius Hübner, German painter (b. 1806) • November 14Billy Claiborne, American gunfighter (b. 1860) • November 20Henry Draper, American astronomer (b. 1837) • December 3Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1811) • December 6Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (b. 1819) • Louis Blanc, French politician, historian (b. 1811) • Anthony Trollope, British novelist, postal service official (b. 1815) • December 9Lucy Smith Millikin, early Latter Day Saint and sister of Joseph Smith (b. 1821) • December 10Alexander Gardner, Scottish photographer (b. 1821) • December 18Henry James Sr., American theologian (b. 1811) • December 21Francesco Hayez, Italian painter (b. 1791) • December 27Giovanni Losi, Italian Combonian missionary (b. 1838) • December 31Léon Gambetta, French statesman (b. 1838) Date unknownEugénie Luce, French educator (b. 1804) == References ==
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