Interventionism (politics)

Interventionism has played a major role in the foreign policies of Western powers, particularly during and after the Victorian era. The New Imperialism era saw numerous interventions by Western nations in the Global South, including the Banana Wars. According to Hans J. Morgenthau, prohibitions on interventionism in the 19th century were intended to protect new nation-states from interference by long-standing, powerful monarchies. Modern interventionism grew out of Cold War policies, where the United States and the Soviet Union intervened in nations around the world to counter any influence held there by the other nation. Historians have noted that interventionism has always been a contentious political issue in the public opinion of countries which engaged in interventions. == Foreign-imposed regime change ==

Studies by Alexander Downes, Lindsey O'Rourke, and Jonathan Monten indicate that foreign-imposed regime change seldom reduces the likelihood of civil war, violent removal of the newly imposed leader, and does not increase the likelihood of democratization unless regime change comes with pro-democratic institutional changes in countries with favorable conditions for democracy. Downes argues: However, research by Reiter and Goran Peic finds that foreign-imposed regime change can raise the probability of civil war. ==By country==

China Cuba Egypt Egypt has intervened in Libya. Ethiopia Ethiopia has intervened in Somalia. France France has intervened in Libya and in West Africa. India India has intervened in Sri Lanka. Indonesia Indonesia has intervened in East Timor. Iran Iran has intervened in Iraq and in Syria. Israel Nigeria Nigeria has shown the will to intervene in the affairs of other sub Saharan African countries since independence. It is said that one of the reasons Yakubu Gowon was removed from office had been the squandering of Nigeria's resources in such far-away lands as Grenada and Guyana, with no returns, economic or political for Nigeria. The philosophy of subsequent military governments in Nigeria was that in an increasingly interdependent world, a country cannot be an island. Russia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has led interventions in Bahrain and in Yemen. Soviet Union Turkey Turkey has intervened in Cyprus, in Libya and in Syria. United Arab Emirates The UAE has intervened in Sudan and in Yemen. United Kingdom Britain's history with interventionism dates back to the British Empire era, characterized by military and political involvement across Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. As the Empire declined, Britain continued to intervene abroad throughout the 20th century, notably in the miscalculated Suez Crisis (1956) and controversial counterinsurgency campaign known as the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960). In the post-Cold War period, the UK intervened among others in the Gulf War (1991), Bosnia, Kosovo (1999), and Sierra Leone (2000) as part of NATO operations and UN mandates. Following the September 11 attacks, the UK joined the US-led coalition in Afghanistan (2001) and Iraq (2003) under Prime Minister Tony Blair, the latter proving highly controversial domestically. The UK also played a leading role in the 2011 military intervention in Libya under UN Security Council Resolution 1973, while also providing military training and assistance across Africa, including Mali and Somalia. United States == See also ==