Siberian Turkic • South Siberian • Altai Turkic •
Northern Altai • Tuba • Kumandy/Qumanda • Turachak • Solton • Starobardinian • Chalkan (Kuu/Qu, Lebedin) • Chulym Turkic •
Chulym • Lower Chulym (Küerik) (now believed extinct) • Middle Chulym • Upper Chulym • Sayan Turkic (dialect continuum) •
Tofa • Tuha • Tsengel Tuvan •
Tuvan • Western/Khemchik River (It is influenced by Altai) • Central (the geographical centrality of this dialect meant it was similar to the language spoken by most Tuvans, whether or not exactly the same). Forms the basis of the standard and literary language and includes: • Ovyur • Bii-Khem • Northeastern/Todzhi (it is spoken near the upper course of the Bii-Khem River by the
Tozhu Tuvans. The speakers of this dialect utilize nasalization. It contains a large vocabulary related to hunting and reindeer breeding not found in the other dialects). • Southeastern (shows the most influence from the
Mongolian language). • Taiga •
Dukha or Tsaatan - spoken by the
Dukha people of
Tsagaan-Nuur county of
Khövsgöl Province (nearly extinct) •
Soyot-Tsaatan language spoken in the
Okinsky District in
Buryatia; now they speak the
Buryat language) (
Samoyedic Uralic substrate; people shifted first to a Turkic language and after to a Mongolian one -
Buryat) (extinct) •
Orkhon Turkic /
Old Turkic /
Old Uyghur (extinct) (not a direct ancestor of
Uyghur, that descends from
Karluk) (not synonymous with Proto-Turkic) • Yenisei Turkic •
Khakas (
Xakas tili) • Sagay/Saghay • Kacha/Qaça • Koybal (
Samoyedic Uralic substrate; people shifted to a Turkic language) • Beltir • Kyzyl/Qizil •
Fuyu Kyrgyz (could be a dialect of
Khakas) •
Shor • Mrassu (basis for literary and standard Shor) • Upper Mrassu • Kondoma • Upper-Kondoma •
Western Yugur or "Yellow Uighur" (direct descendant of Old Uyghur) • North Siberian •
Yakut language • Central • Western Lena • Eastern Lena • Aldan • Peripheral • Northwestern • Northeastern •
Dolgan (
Dulğan) (
Samoyed Uralic and
Evenki Tungusic substrates) • Eastern – Khatanga • Central – Avam • Western – Yenisei, Norilsk
Karluk (Southeastern) Historically in
Central Asia there was a distinction between
sedentary, called
Sart or
Taranchi, and
nomadic peoples (regardless of the ethnic group and language). Many times it was used confusingly because it was a generic word for several peoples and their languages (mainly
Iranians or
Turkics) and also because it had different meanings at different historical times (had shifting meanings over the centuries). Strictly it was not an ethnic or linguistic definition but one of a lifestyle. (strong Iranian substrate) •
Chagatai or Turki (Jağatāy) (
literary language of medieval
Golden Horde in much of
Central Asia) (extinct) • Pre-classical Chagatai (1400–1465) • Classical Chagatai (1465–1600) • Post-classical Chagatai (1600–1921) •
Khorezmian Turkic (it was a
literary language of the medieval
Golden Horde of
Central Asia and parts of
Eastern Europe) (extinct) • East •
Uyghur (not a direct descendant of the language called
Old Uyghur,
Old Turkic or
Orkhon Turkic) • Eastern: Spoken in an area stretching from Qarkilik towards north to Qongköl • Central: Spoken in an area stretching from Kumul towards south to Yarkand • Southern: Spoken in an area stretching from Guma towards east to Qarkilik •
Lop (Ľor télé) (could be a distinct language) •
Ili Turki (Kipchak substrate) (extinct) • West •
Uzbek (Karluk Uzbek, Sart Uzbek – Sedentary and Urban Uzbek, “Modern Uzbek”) (strong Iranian substrate from
Sogdian and
Persian languages) •
Northern Uzbek (
Oʻzbekcha /
Oʻzbek tili) • Ferghana Uzbek (not the same as Kipchak Uzbek) • Tashkent Uzbek • Chimkent/Shymkent-Turkestan Uzbek • Surkhandarya Uzbek • Khorezm Uzbek •
Southern Uzbek /
Afghan Uzbek (strong Iranian substrate from
Bactrian language and heavily Persianized) (many are bilingual in
Dari /
Dari Persian /
East Persian /
Afghan Persian)
Kipchak (Northwestern) •
Kipchak (extinct) • South Kipchak (Aralo-Caspian Turkic) • Kipchak-Nogai •
Dobrujan Tatar (
Tatarşa /
Tatar tílí) • Şól • Nogay • Yalîbolu •
Fergana Kipchak (Kipchak Uzbek / ”Old Uzbek”) (nomadic and semi-nomadic Turkic of the regions of
Fergana,
Samarkand,
Bukhara and
Turkistan) (extinct) •
Kazakh (
Qazaqsha /
Qazaq tili) • Eastern Kazakh • Southern Kazakh • Northern Kazakh • Western Kazakh •
Karakalpak (
Qaraqalpaq tili) (closer to
Kazakh) (
Iranian Kwarazmian and Turkic Kwarazmian substrates) • Northeastern Karakalpak • Southwestern Karakalpak • Fergana Valley Karakalpak? •
Nogai • Karanogay-Nogai Proper • Karanogay or Qara-Nogai (literally "Black Nogai"; "Northern Nogai"), spoken in Dagestan • Central Nogai or Nogai Proper, in
Stavropol • Aqnogai (White or Western Nogai), by the
Kuban River, its tributaries in
Karachay–Cherkessia, and in the
Mineralnye Vody District. Qara-Nogai and Nogai Proper are very close linguistically, whereas Aqnogai is more different. • Kyrgyz-Kypchak •
Kyrgyz (
Kyrgyzcha /
Kyrgyz tili) • Northern Kyrgyz (basis of standard Kyrgyz) • Southern Kyrgyz •
Southern Altai • Altai proper • Mayma • Telengit • Tölös • Chuy • Teleut •
Siberian Tatar (
Sıbır tel) • East Siberian Tatar • Tom • Baraba • West Siberian Tatar • Tobol-Irtysh • North Kipchak (Uralo-Caspian/Volga-Ural Turkic) (has some
Uralic substrate) •
Old Tatar /
Old Bashkir (
Volga Turki) (extinct) •
Bashkir (
Bashqortsa /
Bashqort tele) • Southern • Dim • Egän (Zigan) • Eyek-Haqmar • Middle • Örşäk (Urshak) • Eastern • Arğayaş • Qyźyl • Meyäs • Halyot (Salyoğot) • Northwestern • Tanyp • Ğäynä (dialect of Perm Bashkirs) • Qariźel • Lower Ağiźel • Middle Ural •
Tatar (
Tatarça /
Tatar Tele) • Central/Middle (Kazan) (basis of the standard literary Tatar) • Western (Mişär or Mishar) • West Kipchak (Kipchak-Cuman/Ponto-Caspian Turkic) •
Cuman (Polovtsian/Folban/Vallany/Kun) (extinct) • Karachay-Balkar - Kumyk •
Karachay-Balkar (
Qaraçay-Malqar til /
Tawlu til) • Karachay-Baksan-Chegem (basis of the standard language) • Balkar (Malqar) •
Kumyk (“Caucasian Tatar”) (
Qumuq til) (Oghur Turkic substrate –
Khazar and
Bulgar) • Terek • Khasavyurt • Buynaksk • Khaitag • Podgorniy •
Crimean Tatar (
Qırımtatar tili /
Qırım tili) (
Scytho-Sarmatian and
Crimean Gothic substrates) • Northern (Steppe Crimean Tatar/Nogay Steppe) (should not be confused with
Nogai people of the Northern Caucasus and the Lower Volga) • Middle (more Cuman type characteristics) (basis of the standard Crimean Tatar) • Southern/Coastal Crimean Tatar (Oghuz Turkic influence) •
Krymchak (
Judeo-Crimean Tatar) (
Qrımçah tılyı) (a different language from
Karaim, not confuse with Karaim) •
Urum (closely related to
Crimean Tatar and spoken by Turkish-speaking
Greeks of Southeastern Ukraine and Georgia, etymological related to the Turkish name for Rome - Rûm / Urum, associated with the name of the
East Roman Empire, mainly
Greek in language) (
Greek substrate) • North Azovian (in
Ukraine) • Tsalka (in
Georgia) •
Karaim (Judeo-Crimean) (
Qaray tili /
Karaj tili) (a different language from
Krymchak, not confuse with Krymchak) • Crimean (in
Crimea) • Trakai-Vilnius (in
Lithuania) • Lutsk-Halych (in
Ukraine)
Oghuz (Southwestern Turkic) • East Oghuz (Eastern) •
Salar, an Oghuz language outlier strongly influenced by
Karluk and
Kipchak languages and also by non-Turkic languages like
Tibetan and
Chinese • Qinghai (Amdo) Salar • Ili Salar •
Turkmen • Teke (Tekke) (basis of the standard Turkmen) • Nohurly • Ýomud • Änewli • Hasarly • Nerezim • Gökleň • Salyr • Saryk • Ärsary • Çowdur • Trukhmen • Transitional East-West Oghuz •
Khorasani Turkic • North • South/Razavi • West • West Oghuz (Western) •
Azerbaijani (
Azeri Turkic, has an
Iranian substrate from the
Old Azeri language, an
Indo-European language •
South Azerbaijani • Qarapapaq • Shahsavani (Shahseven) • Muqaddam • Baharlu (Kamesh) • Nafar • Qaragözlü • Pishaqchi • Bayatlu • Qajar • Tabrizi (basis of Standard South Azerbaijani but not identical) •
Iraqi Turkmen (South Turkmen) •
North Azerbaijani • Salyan • Lenkaran • Qazakh • Airym • Borcala • Terekeme • Qyzylbash • Nukha • Zaqatala (Mugaly) • Qabala • Yerevan • Ordubad • Ganja • Shusha (Karabakh) • Karapapak • Shirvan dialect • Baku dialect (basis of Standard North Azerbaijani, but not identical) • Shamakhi • Quba • Derbend • Nakhchivan • Transitional Turkish Azerbaijani-Turkish •
Eastern Anatolian Turkish • Meskhetian Turkish • Hemshen Turkish • Eastern Anatolian Turkish Proper (Kars, Erzurum, other regions) • Zaza Turkish (Turkish spoken by
Zazas, not to be confused with
Zaza, which is an Iranian language,
Zaza substrate) • Kurdish Turkish (Turkish spoken by
Kurds, not to be confused with
Kurdish which is an
Iranian language,
Kurdish substrate) •
Northeastern Anatolian Turkish (
Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Ağızları) • Laz Turkish (Turkish spoken by Laz, do not confuse with
Laz which is a
Kartvelian language) • Trebizond (
Trabzon) Turkish •
Old Anatolian Turkish (extinct) •
Turkish • Anatolian dialects (Anadolu Ağızları) • Western Anatolian (Batı Anadolu Ağızları) • Central (Orta Anadolu) • East central • West Central • Mediterranean (Akdeniz)/South (Güney) • Southwest (Güneybatı) • Southeast (Güneydoğu) • Black Sea (Karadeniz)/North (Kuzey) • Çorum, Çankırı • East Black Sea Coast • West Black Sea Coast • Sakarya-Izmit • Aegean (Ege)/West (Batı) • Yörük (Nomadic Anatolian Turkish) • Istanbul dialect (İstanbul Türkçesi) (basis of Modern Standard Turkish but not identical) • Syrian Turkmen (Syrian Turkish) • Cypriot Turkish • Balkanic/Rumelian/Danubian • East Balkanic/East Rumelian/East Danubian • Edirne • West Balkanic/West Rumelian/West Danubian •
Karamanli Turkish (Turkish of the
Karamanlides, Turkish-speaking Greeks, Greek language substrate, not confuse with
Cappadocian Greek, a mixed language, or the
Cappadocian Greeks, although they are related) (almost extinct) •
Balkan Gagauz Turkish (
Balkan Turkic) (
Rumeli Türkçesi) • Gajal • Gerlovo Turk • Karamanli • Kyzylbash • Surguch • Tozluk Turk • Yuruk • Macedonian Gagauz •
Gagauz • Bulgar Gagauzi • Maritime Gagauzi •
Ottoman Turkish(extinct) (not a direct ancestor of
Anatolian Turkish but a heavily Persianized and Arabized Turkic language) • Fasih Türkçe (Eloquent Turkish): the language of poetry and administration, Ottoman Turkish in its strict sense • Orta Türkçe (Middle Turkish): the language of higher classes and trade • Kaba Türkçe (Rough Turkish): the language of lower classes. • South Oghuz •
Afshar (could be a dialect of
South Azerbaijani language) •
Aynallu (could be a dialect of
South Azerbaijani language) •
Qashqai (closely related to
Azerbaijani) •
Sonqori (could be a dialect of
South Azerbaijani) • Pecheneg •
Pecheneg (Peçenek) (extinct)
Arghu •
Khalaj (a divergent member of the Common Turkic languages, not an
Oghuz language) (heavily Persianized) (many are bilingual in
Persian /
Iranian Persian /
Western Persian) • Northern • Southern ==
Oghur (Lir Turkic / R Turkic)==