MarketTimeline of operating systems
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Timeline of operating systems

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.

1950s
• 1951 • LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office' was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co. • 1953 • DYSEAC - an early machine capable of distributing computing • 1955 • General Motors Operating System made for IBM 701MIT's Tape Director operating system made for UNIVAC 1103 • 1956 • GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System • 1957 • Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start) • BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 704, later IBM 7090 and IBM 7094 • 1958 • University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090 • 1959 • SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O ==1960s==
1960s
• 1960 • IBSYS (IBM for its 7090 and 7094) • 1961 • CTSS demonstration (MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System for the IBM 7094) • MCP (Burroughs Master Control Program) for B5000 • 1962 • Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned) • BBN Time-Sharing SystemGCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor) • 1963 • ADMIRALAN/FSQ-32, another early time-sharing system begun • CTSS becomes operational (MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System for the IBM 7094) • JOSS, an interactive time-shared system that did not distinguish between operating system and language • Titan Supervisor, early time-sharing system begun • 1964 • Berkeley Timesharing System (for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940) • Chippewa Operating System (for CDC 6600 supercomputer) • Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS for GE computers) • EXEC 8 (UNIVAC) • KDF9 Timesharing Director (English Electric) – an early, fully hardware secured, fully pre-emptive process switching, multi-programming operating system for KDF9 (originally announced in 1960) • OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (announced) • PDP-6 Monitor (DEC) descendant renamed TOPS-10 in 1970 • SCOPE (CDC 3000 series) • 1965 • BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System) • DECsysTOS/360 (IBM's Tape Operating System) • Livermore Time Sharing System (LTSS) • Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (announced) • Pick operating systemSIPROS 66 (Simultaneous Processing Operating System) • THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven) development • TSOS (later VMOS) (RCA) • 1966 • DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System) • GEORGE 1 & 2 for ICT 1900 seriesMod 1Mod 2Mod 8MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system) • MSOS (Mass Storage Operating System) • OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (shipped) • RAX • Remote Users of Shared Hardware (RUSH), a time-sharing system developed by Allen-Babcock for the IBM 360/50SODA for Elwro's Odra 1204Universal Time-Sharing System (XDS Sigma series) • 1967 • CP-40, predecessor to CP-67 on modified IBM System/360 Model 40CP-67 (IBM, also known as CP/CMS) • Conversational Programming System (CPS), an IBM time-sharing system under OS/360Michigan Terminal System (MTS) (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors) • ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10) • OS/360 MVTORVYL (Stanford University's time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67) • TSS/360 (IBM's Time-sharing System for the S/360-67, never officially released, canceled in 1969 and again in 1971) • WAITS (SAIL, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, time-sharing system for DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10, later TOPS-10) • 1968 • Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM) • B1 (NCR Century series) • CALL/360, an IBM time-sharing system for System/360 • HP Real-Time Executive (HP RTE) – Hewlett-Packard • HP Time-Shared BASIC (HP TSB) – Hewlett-Packard • B3 (NCR Century series) • Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645 and later the Honeywell 6180) (opened for paying customers in October) • RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC) • TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20) • Unics (later Unix) (AT&T, initially on DEC computers) • Xerox Operating System ==1970s==
1970s
• 1970 • DOS-11 (PDP-11) • 1971 • EMASKronosRSTS-11 2A-19 (First released version; PDP-11) • RSX-15OS/8 • 1972 • B4 (NCR Century series) • DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974) • Hydra – capability-based, multiprocessing OS kernel • MONECSMulti-Programming Executive (MPE) – Hewlett-Packard • Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R2 (MVS) • OS/7OS/16OS/32Sintran III • 1975 • BS2000 V2.0 (First released version) • COS-350ISISNOS (Control Data Corporation) • OS/3 (Univac) • VS/9 (formerly RCA's TSOS, later named VMOS) • Version 6 UnixXVM/DOSXVM/RSX • 1976 • Cambridge CAP computer – all operating system procedures written in ALGOL 68C, with some closely associated protected procedures in BCPLCray Operating SystemDX10FLEXTOPS-20TX990/TXDSTandem Nonstop OS v1Thoth • 1977 • 1BSDAMOSKERNALOASIS operating systemOS68OS4000RMX-80System 88 (Exec)System Support Program (IBM System/34 and System/36) • TRSDOSVirtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25) • VRX (Virtual Resource eXecutive) • VS Virtual Memory Operating System • 1978 • 2BSDApple DOSControl Program Facility (IBM System/38) • Cray Time Sharing System (CTSS) • DPCX (IBM) • DPPX (IBM) • HDOS • KSOS – secure OS design from Ford Aerospace • KVM/370 – security retro-fit of IBM VM/370 • Lisp machine (CADR) • MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE) • OS4 (Naked Mini 4) • PTDOSTRIPOSUCSD p-System (First released version) • Z80-RIO • 1979 • Atari DOS3BSDCP-6IdrisMP/M • MVS/System Extensions R2 (MVS/SE2) • NLTSSPOSSinclair BASICTransaction Processing Facility (TPF) (IBM) • UCLA Secure UNIX – an early secure UNIX OS based on security kernel • UNIX/32VDOS/VSEVersion 7 Unix ==1980s==
1980s
• 1980 • 86-DOSAOS/VS (Data General) • Business Operating SystemCTOSDOSPLUS (TRS-80) • MVS/System Product (MVS/SP) V1 • NewDos/80OS-9RMX-86RS-DOSSOSVirtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP) • Xenix • 1981 • Acorn MOSAegis SR1 (First Apollo/DOMAIN systems shipped on March 27) • CP/M-86DRX (Distributed Resource Executive) • iMAX – OS for Intel's iAPX 432 capability machine • MCS (Multi-user Control System) • MS-DOSPC DOSPilot (Xerox Star operating system) • UNOSUTSVVERSAdosVRTXVSOS (Virtual Storage Operating System) • Xinu first release • 1982 • Commodore DOSLDOS (By Logical Systems, Inc. – for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Models I, II & III) • PCOS (Olivetti M20) • pSOSQNXStratus VOS • Sun UNIX (later SunOS) 0.7 • UltrixUnix System IIIVAXELN • 1983 • CoherentDNIXEOSGNU (project start) • Lisa Office System 7/7 • LOCUS – UNIX compatible, high reliability, distributed OS • MVS/System Product V2 (MVS/Extended Architecture, MVS/XA) • Novell NetWare (S-Net) • PERPOSProDOSRTU (Real-Time Unix) • STOP – TCSEC A1-class, secure OS for SCOMP hardware • SunOS 1.0 • VSE/System Package (VSE/SP) Version 1 • 1984 • AMSDOSCTIX (Unix variant) • DYNIXMac OS (System 1.0) • MSX-DOSNOS/VEPANOSPC/IXROSSinclair QDOSSINIXUNICOSVenix 2.0 • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Migration Assistance (VM/XA MA) • 1985 • AmigaOSAtari TOSDG/UXDOS PlusGraphics Environment ManagerHarmonyMIPS RISC/osOberon – written in OberonSunOS 2.0 • Version 8 UnixVirtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Facility (VM/XA SF) • Windows 1.0Windows 1.01 • Xenix 2.0 • 1986 • AIX 1.0 • Cronus distributed OS • FlexOS • GEMSOS – TCSEC A1-class, secure kernel for BLACKER VPN & GTNP • GEOSGenera 7.0 • HP-UXSunOS 3.0 • TR-DOSTRIXVersion 9 Unix • 1987 • Arthur (much improved version came in 1989 under the name RISC OS) • BS2000 V9.0 • IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version) • MDOSMINIX 1.0 • OS/2 (1.0) • PC-MOS/386 • Topaz – semi-distributed OS for DEC Firefly workstation written in Modula-2+ and garbage collected • VxWorksWindows 2.0 • 1988 • A/UX (Apple Computer) • AOS/VS II (Data General) • CP/M rebranded as DR-DOSFlex machine – tagged, capability machine with OS and other software written in ALGOL 68RS • GS/OSHeliOS 1.0 • KeyKOS – capability-based microkernel for IBM mainframes with automated persistence of app data • LynxOSMac OS (System 6) • MVS/System Product V3 (MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture, MVS/ESA) • OS/2 (1.1) • OS/400RISC iXSpartaDOS XSunOS 4.0 • TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988) • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP) • VAX VMM – TCSEC A1-class, VMM for VAX computers (limited use before cancellation) • 1989 • Army Secure Operating System (ASOS) – TCSEC A1-class secure, real-time OS for Ada applications • EPOC (EPOC16) • NeXTSTEP (1.0) • OS/2 (1.2) • RISC OS (First release was to be called Arthur 2, but was renamed to RISC OS 2, and was first sold as RISC OS 2.00 in April 1989) • SCO UNIX (Release 3) • TSX-32Version 10 UnixXenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release) ==1990s==
1990s
• 1990 • AIX 3.0 • AmigaOS 2.0 • BeOS (v1) • DOS/VGenera 8.0 • iS-DOS • LOCK – TCSEC A1-class secure system with kernel and hardware support for type enforcement • MVS/ESA SP Version 4 • Novell NetWare 3 • OS/2 1.3 • OSF/1RTEMSPC/GEOSWindows 3.0Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/XA ESA) • VSE/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VSE/ESA) Version 1 • 1991 • Amoeba – microkernel-based, POSIX-compliant, distributed OS • GNO/MELinux 0.01-0.1 • Mac OS (System 7) • MINIX 1.5 • PenPoint OSRISC OS 3 • SUNMOS • Trusted Xenix – rewritten & security enhanced Xenix evaluated at TCSEC B2-class • 1992 • 386BSD 0.1 • Amiga Unix 2.01 (Latest stable release) • AmigaOS 3.0 • ANDOS (DOS-like operating system for the Electronika BK series computers) • BSD/386, by BSDi and later known as BSD/OS. • LGXMPE/iX 4.0 • MagiC (as Mag!X or MagiX) • OpenVMS V1.0 (First OpenVMS AXP (Alpha) specific version, November 1992) • OS/2 2.0 (First i386 32-bit based version) • Plan 9 First Edition (First public release was made available to universities) • RSTS/E 10.1 (Last stable release, September 1992) • SLSSolaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD) • Windows 3.1 • 1993 • IBM 4690 Operating SystemFreeBSDNetBSDNovell NetWare 4 • Newton OSNucleus RTOSOpen Genera 1.0 • OS 2200 (Unisys) • OS/2 2.1 • PTS-DOSSlackware 1.0 • SpringWindows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release) • 1994 • AIX 4.0, 4.1 • IBM MVS/ESA SP Version 5 • NetBSD 1.0 (First multi-platform release, October 1994) • OS/2 Warp 3.0 • Red HatRISC OS 3.5 • SPIN – extensible OS written in Modula-3 • 1995 • Digital UNIX (aka Tru64 UNIX) • OpenBSDOS/390Plan 9 Second Edition (Commercial second release version was made available to the general public.) • SMSQ/EUltrix 4.5 (Last major release) • Windows 95 • 1996 • AIX 4.2 • Debian 1.1 • JN – microkernel OS for embedded, Java apps • Mac OS 7.6 (First officially-named Mac OS) • OS/2 Warp 4.0 • Palm OSRISC OS 3.6 • Windows NT 4.0Windows CE 1.0 • 1997 • AIX 4.3 • DR-WebSpyder 1.0 • EPOC (EPOC32) • InfernoMac OS 8MINIX 2.0 • NemesisRISC OS 3.7 • SkyOSWindows CE 2.0 • 1998 • DR-WebSpyder 2.0 • JunosNovell NetWare 5 • RT-11 5.7 (Last stable release, October 1998) • Solaris 7 (''first 64-bit Solaris release – names from this point drop "2.", otherwise would've been Solaris 2.7'') • Windows 98 • 1999 • Amiga OS 3.5 (unofficial)AROS (Boot for the first time in Stand Alone version) • Inferno Second Edition (''Last distribution (Release 2.3, ) from Lucent's Inferno Business Unit'') • Mac OS 9OS/2 Warp 4.5 • RISC OS 4 • Windows 98 (2nd edition) ==2000s==
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