Africa Markets have been known in parts of
Africa for centuries. An 18th-century commentator noted the many markets he visited in
West Africa. He provided a detailed description of market activities at Sabi, in the
Wydah (now the part of the Republic of Benin): In the
Kingdom of Benin (modern
Benin City), he commented on the exotic foods available for sale at a market there:
Botswana In
Botswana, the sale of agricultural produce to the formal market is largely controlled by large corporations. Most small, local farmers sell their produce to the informal market, local communities and street vendors. The main wholesale market is the Horticultural market in
Gaborone. The government made some attempts to build markets in the north of the country, but that was largely unsuccessful and most commercial buyers travel to Johannesburg or Tshwane for supplies.
Ethiopia Ethiopia is a major producer and exporter of grains and a number of wholesale markets assist with the distribution and export of such products. Important wholesale markets include:
Nekemte in the
East Welega zone,
Jimma in the
Jimma zone,
Assela and
Sagure in the
Arsi zone, Bahir Dar and Bure in the Gojjam zone, Dessie and Kombolcha in the Wollo zone, Mekele in the
Tigray region,
Dire Dawa and Harar in the
Oromia region, and Addis Ababa. Some of the major retail markets in Ethiopia include:
Addis Mercato in Addis Ababa, the largest open air market in the country; Gulalle and Galan, both in Addis Ababa; Awasa Lake Fish Market in Awasa, the Saturday market
Harar, and the Saturday market in
Axum. File:MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg|
Addis Mercato, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia File:Awasa fish market.jpg|Awasa fish market, Awasa, Ethiopia File:Adigrat Market, Ethiopia (12581353584).jpg|Adigrat Market, Ethiopia File:Konso Sorghum Market, Ethiopia (15221883581).jpg|Konso Sorghum Market, Ethiopia File:Street Market, Harar, Ethiopia (8112097174).jpg|Street Market, Harar, Ethiopia
Ghana Ghanaian markets have survived in spite of sometimes brutal measures to eradicate them. In the late 1970s, the Ghanaian government used market traders as a scapegoat for its own policy failures which involved food shortages and high inflation. The government blamed traders for failing to observe pricing guidelines and vilified "women merchants". In 1979, the Makola market was dynamited and bulldozed, but within a week the traders were back selling fruit, vegetables and fish, albeit without a roof over their head. File:Kumasi Market.jpg|Kumasi Market in
Ghana File:Ghana Market.jpg|Market between Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana File:Madina ghana market4.jpg|Madina Ghana Market File:Market in Anaynui, Ghana.jpg|Market in Anaynui, Ghana File:Street Outside Makola Market, Accra, Ghana.JPG|Street Outside Makola Market, Accra, Ghana
Kenya Kenya's capital,
Nairobi, has several major markets. Wakulima market is one of the region's largest markets, situated on Haile Selassie Avenue in Nairobi. Other markets in Nairobi are: Kariakor Market,
Gikomba Market, and Muthurwa Market. In Mombasa, Kongowea market is also a very large market with over 1500 stalls and covering 4.5 ha. File:Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg|Mombasa Market File:Wakulima market (1295043526).jpg|Wakulima market, Nairobi File:Masai Market Nairobi 01.jpg|Masai Market, Nairobi File:Kilingili Market thru car 1.jpg|Kilingili Market
Morocco In
Morocco, markets are known as
souks, and are normally found in a city's Medina (old city or old quarter). Shopping at a produce market is a standard feature of daily life in Morocco. In the larger cities, Medinas are typically made up of a collection of souks built amid a maze of narrow streets and laneways where independent vendors and artisans tend to cluster in sections which subsequently become known for a particular type of produce – such as the silversmith's street or the textile district. In
Tangiers, a sprawling market fills the many streets of the medina and this area is divided into two sections, known as the
Grand Socco and the
Petit Socco. The term
socco is a Spanish corruption of the Arabic word for
souk, meaning marketplace. These markets sell a large variety of goods: fresh produce, cooking equipment, pottery, silverware, rugs and carpets, leather goods, clothing, accessories, electronics, alongside cafes, restaurants and take-away food stalls. The medina at
Fez is the oldest, having been founded in the 9th century. The medina at Fez has been named a UNESCO World Heritage site. Today it is the main fresh produce market and is noted for its narrow laneways and for a total ban on motorized traffic. All produce is brought in and out of the marketplace by donkey or hand-cart. In
Marrakesh, the main produce markets are also to be found in the medina and a colourful market is also held daily in the Jemaa el-Fnaa (main square) where roaming performers and musicians entertain the large crowds that gather there. Marrakesh has the largest traditional Berber market in Morocco. File:Marktstände in der Medina.jpg|Market stalls in Tangiers' medina File:Gewürzladen in der Medina von Tanger.jpg|Spice shop in Tangiers' medina File:Tangier2.JPG|Market scene, Tangiers File:BerberWoman.jpg|Berber woman selling produce at a Moroccan market File:Jemaa el-Fnaa at night.jpg|Jemaa el-Fnaa at night
Namibia Namibia has been almost entirely dependent on South Africa for its fresh produce. Dominated by rolling plains and long sand dunes and an unpredictable rainfall, many parts of Namibia are unsuited to growing fruit and vegetables. Government sponsored initiatives have encouraged producers to grow fresh fruit, vegetables, legumes and grains The Namibian Ministry of Agriculture has recently launched a system of fresh produce hubs to serve as a platform for producers to market and distribute their produce. It is anticipated that these hubs will assist in curbing the number of sellers who take their produce to South Africa where it is placed on cold storage, only to be imported back into the country at a later date. File:Market Scene Oshakati Namibia.jpg|Market Scene Oshakati Namibia File:Street Market in Namibia - Windhoek.jpg|Street Market in Namibia, Windhoek File:Swakopmund-Marché artisanal (1).jpg|Artisans' Market, Swakopmund File:Marché artisanal d'Okahandja (1).jpg|Artisan's market, d'Okahandja File:Oshakati New market 2016-2.jpg|Oshakati New market, 2016
Nigeria South Africa Fresh produce markets have traditionally dominated the
South African food chain, handling more than half of all fresh produce. Although large, vertically integrated food retailers, such as supermarkets, are beginning to make inroads into the supply chain, traditional
hawkers and produce markets have shown remarkable resilience. The main markets in Johannesburg are: Jozi Real Food Market, Bryanston Organic Market, Pretoria Boeremark specialising in South African delicacies, Hazel Food Market, Panorama Flea Market, Rosebank Sunday Market, Market on Main (a periodic arts market), and neighbourhood markets.
The Gambia The "
Gambia is Good" initiative was established in 2004 with a view to encouraging a market for locally grown fresh produce rather than imported ones. The plan was designed to "stimulate local livelihoods, inspire entrepreneurship and reduce the environmental and social cost of imported produce". A great deal of the produce trade is carried out informally on street corners and many shops are little more than market booths. However, dedicated open air and covered markets can be found in the larger towns. Notable markets include: the Serekunda Market in Gambia's largest city,
Serekunda, which opens from early morning to late at night 7 days a week and trades in produce, live animals, clothing, accessories, jewellery, crafts, second hand goods and souvenirs; The Albert Market in the capital,
Banjul, which sells fresh produce, colourful, locally designed fabrics, musical instruments, carved wooden masks and other local products. Other interesting markets include: Bakau Fish Market in
Bakau; Tanji Fish Market, Tanji, where brightly painted fishing boats bring in the fish from where it is immediately preserved using traditional methods and prepared for distribution to other West African countries; The Woodcarvers Market in
Brikama which boasts the largest concentration of woodcarvers in the country; the Pottery Market in
Basse Santa; the Atlantic Road Craft Market at Bakau and the Senegambia Craft Market at Bakau. File:Serekunda market.jpg|Serekunda Market,
Serekunda, The Gambia File:GambiaSerekunda003 (30580187363).jpg|Vendor at Serekunda Market, The Gambia File:1014036-Banjul Albert market-The Gambia.jpg|The
Albert Market, Banjul, The Gambia File:GambiaTanji052 (30426214214).jpg|Tanji Fish Market, Tanji, The Gambia File:GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029 (12029266475).jpg|Traditional wood carvings at a market in The Gambia
Uganda •
Nakawa Market Asia Produce markets in Asia are undergoing major changes as supermarkets enter the retail scene and the growing middle classes acquire preferences for branded goods. Many supermarkets purchase directly from producers, supplanting the traditional role of both wholesale and retail markets. In order to survive, produce markets have been forced to consider value adding opportunities and many retail markets now focus on ready-to-eat food and take-away food.
East Asia China In
China, the existence of street and
wet markets has been known for centuries; however, many of these were restricted in the 1950s and 1960s and only permitted to re-open in 1978. The distinction between wholesale and retail markets is somewhat ambiguous in China, since many markets serve both as distribution centres and retail shopping venues. To assist in the distribution of food, more than 9,000 wholesale produce markets operate in China. Some of these markets operate on a very large scale. For example, Beijing's
Xinfadi Wholesale market, currently under renovation, is expected to have a footprint of 112 hectares when complete. The Beijing Zoo Market (retail market) is a collection of 12 different markets, comprising some 20,000 tenant stall-holders, 30,000 employees and more than 100,000 customers daily. China is both a major importer and exporter of fruit and vegetables and is now the world's largest exporter of apples. In addition to produce markets, China has many specialised markets such as a silk market, clothing markets and an antiques market. China's fresh produce market is undergoing major change. In the larger cities, purchasing is gradually moving to online with door-to-door deliveries. Some of the more important markets in China include: •
Wholesale produce market: Xinfadi (wholesale produce market, Beijing) - with an annual turnover volume of 14 million tonnes of meat, fruit and vegetables, it supplies 70 percent of Beijing's vegetables and Nanzhan (Shenyang, Liaoning) which supplies the northern provinces. •
Retail produce markets: The fresh produce market at
Hutong market (Beijing);
Xiabu Xiabu market (Beijing),
Panjiayuan market (Beijing);
Dazhongsi market (Beijing),
Tianyi market (Beijing),
Beijing Zoo market,
Dahongmen market (Fengtai District, Beijing),
Sanyuanli market (Beijing),
Shengfu Xiaoguan morning market (Beijing),
Lishuiqiao seafood farmers' market (Beijing),
Wangjing Zonghe market (Beijing),
Chaowai market (Beijing),
Zhenbai market (Shanghai's largest produce market) File:5646-Linxia-City-market-porcelain-and-traditional-Linxia-sunglasses.jpg|Hui vendors at Linxia City Market File:Beijing silk market.jpg|Beijing silk market File:Panjiayuan Market Beijing China.jpg|Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (exterior) File:2016-09-10 Beijing Panjiayuan market 30 anagoria.jpg|Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (external stallholder) File:2016-09-10 Beijing Panjiayuan market 74 anagoria.jpg|Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (interior) File:Dunhuang market.jpg|
Dunhuang market
Hong Kong Hong Kong relies heavily imports to meet its fresh produce needs. Importers are consequently an important part of the distribution network, and some importers supply directly to retail consumers. Street markets in
Hong Kong are held every day except on a few traditional Chinese holidays like
Chinese New Year. Stalls opened at two sides of a street are required to have licenses issued by the
Hong Kong Government. The various types of street markets include fresh foods, clothing, cooked foods, flowers and electronics. The earliest form of market was a
gaa si (
wet market). Some traditional markets have been replaced by
shopping centres, markets in municipal service buildings and
supermarkets, while others have become tourist attractions such as
Tung Choi Street and
Apliu Street. The
Central Market, Hong Kong is a grade II listed building. File:Fish market in Hong Kong.jpg|Fish Market in Hong Kong
Japan •
Tsukiji fish market •
Kochi Sunday Market •
Hirome Ichiba South Korea Although the majority of markets in
South Korea are wholesale markets, retail customers are permitted to make purchases in all of them. The
Gwangjang Market is the nation's top market and is a popular tourist destination.
Taiwan Taiwan meets most of its produce needs through local production. This means that the country has a very active network of wholesale and retail markets. According to
The Guardian newspaper, Taiwan has "the best night market scene in the world and some of the most exciting street food in Asia". File:Fish market in Taipei, Taiwan 2.jpg | Fish market in Taipei File:Fish market in Tamsui, Taiwan.jpg|Fish market in Tamsui File:Fruit market in Taipei, Taiwan.jpg|Fruit market in Taipei
South Asia In South Asia, especially Nepal, India, and Bangladesh, a
haat (also known as
hat), refers to a regular rural produce market, typically held once or twice per week.
India The marketing historian, Petty, has suggested that Indian marketplaces first arose during the Chola Dynasty (approx. 850–1279 CE) during a period of favourable economic conditions. Distinct types of markets were evident:
nagaaram (streets of shops, often devoted to specific types of goods;
angadi (markets) and
perangadi (large markets in the inner city districts)). The sub-continent may have borrowed the concept of covered marketplaces from the Middle East around the tenth century with the arrival of Islam. The caravanserai and covered market structures, known as suqs, first began to appear along the
silk routes and were located in the area just outside the city perimeter. Following the tradition established on the Arabian peninsula, India also established temporary-seasonal markets in regional districts. In Rajasthan's
Pushkar, an annual camel market was first recorded in the 15th century. However, following the foundation of the
Mughal Empire in northern India during the 16th century, this arrangement changed. A covered bazaar or market place became integrated into city structures and was to be found in the city centre. Markets and bazaars were well known in the colonial era. Some of these bazaars appear to have specialised in particular types of produce. The Patna district, in the 17th century, was home to 175 weaver villages and the Patna Bazaar enjoyed a reputation as a centre of trade in fine cloth. When the Italian writer and traveller,
Niccolao Manucci, visited there in 1863, he found many merchants trading in cotton and silk in Patna's bazaars. In India today, many different types of market serve retail and commercial clients: •
Wholesale markets • Primary wholesale markets: Held once or twice per week, these sell produce from local villages e.g.
Rice Bazaar at Thissur in Kerala. • Secondary wholesale markets (also known as mandis): Smaller merchants purchase from primary markets and sell at secondary markets. A small number of primary producers may sell direct to mandis. • Terminal markets: Markets that sell directly to the end-user, whether it be the consumer, food processor, or shipping agent for export to foreign countries e.g. Bombay Terminal Market. •
Retail markets • Retail markets: Spread across villages, towns and cities. • Fairs: Held on religious days and deal in livestock and agricultural produce. In
India (and also
Bangladesh and
Pakistan), a
landa bazaar is a type of a
bazaar or a marketplace with lowest prices where only secondhand general goods are exchanged or sold. A
haat also refers to a bazaar or market in Bangladesh and Pakistan and the term may also be used in India. A
saddar refers to the main, central market in a town while a
mandi refers to a large marketplace. A
Meena Bazaar is a marketplace where goods are sold in an effort to raise money for charity. File:Makar Sankranti Hindu festival, Magh Mela at Prayaga Sangam Uttar Pradesh India.jpg|
Magh Mela at Prayaga Sangam Uttar Pradesh India is a fair associated with the Sankranti Hindu festival Image:Bombay-market.jpg|The Bombay Street Market is a terminal market File:Goan sausages being sold at the Mapusa market, Goa, India 03.jpg|Goan sausages being sold at the Mapusa market,
Goa, India Image:New Market, Kolkata, 2011.jpg|
New Market, Kolkata, India File:Pushkar.in Camel Fair 2007 - panoramio.jpg|Annual camel market at Pushkar in Rajasthan, India
Agra •
Sadar Bazaar, Agra Bangalore •
Gandhi Bazaar Chennai •
Pondy Bazaar (officially named
Soundarapandian Angadi), T. Nagar, Chennai
Delhi •
Lajpat Nagar market, Delhi •
Dilli Haat •
Sadar Bazaar, Delhi •
Palika Bazaar – an underground market in Delhi
Goa •
Mapusa Friday Market Mapusa, North Goa
Himachal Pradesh •
Lakkar Bazaar Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Manipur •
Khwairamband Bazar Imphal, Manipur, India – a market operated entirely by women
Mumbai •
Bhendi Bazaar •
Chira Bazaar, Mumbai – known for its jewellery •
Dava Bazaar also known as Dawa Bazaar •
Zaveri Bazaar – jewellery market
Punjab •
Chaura Bazaar, Ludhiana, Punjab
Uttar Pradesh •
Ajhuwa Bazaar, Ajhuwa, Kaushambi district, Uttar Pradesh, India
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is noted for its night markets, floating markets and pirate markets (markets that specialise in selling "knock off" copies of designer brands). Some Asian countries have developed unique distribution systems and highly specialised types of market place. Throughout Asia, a
wet market refers to a place where fruit, vegetables, fish, seafood, and meat products are sold. Throughout much of Asia, produce markets are known as
morning markets due to their hours of operation, while
night markets specialise in selling non-perishables including clothing, accessories, local artefacts, souvenirs, and a wide assortment of personal goods.
Cambodia Phnom Penh •
Central Market, Phnom Penh Indonesia In
Indonesia, a is a particular type of wet market, also known as a "morning market" which typically operates from early morning to the afternoon. refers to a night market operated in later hours from late afternoon to night, approximately from 17:00 to 22:00, and only on selected days of a week. The types of goods being sold is also quite different. is where many housewives, domestic help, and local folks appear to shop their daily needs, mostly fresh produce. The products which are on sale are usually fresh produce, including
fruits,
vegetables,
spices, fish, meat, eggs, and a variety of perishable products. Major textile, fashion, and clothing markets in Indonesia are
Tanah Abang market in central Jakarta and Pasar Baru in
Bandung. Notable markets specializing in traditional
batik clothing include
Pasar Klewer in Solo and Pasar Beringharjo in Yogyakarta. The major in
Jakarta are Pasar Pagi Mangga Dua, Pasar Induk Kramat Jati,
Pasar Minggu and
Pasar Senen. Pasar Minggu specialized on fruits and vegetables, while Pasar Kue Subuh in Senen specialized on selling , as they offer a rich variety of traditional Indonesian snack, open every (dawn). File:Pasar Gedhe 2009 Bennylin 13.jpg|Pasar Gede central market,
Solo File:Pasar Keputran Surabaya.JPG|Pasar Keputran, a or morning wet market,
Surabaya File:Pasar Malam Rawasari 6.JPG|Vendor selling
rissole at the
pasar malam (night market) in Rawasari,
Jakarta File:The flowers markrt in Bali.JPG|Flower market,
Bali File:Pasar Terapung, Siring.jpg|Siring floating market,
Banjarmasin Malaysia In
Malaysia the term refers to a night market which operates from around 17:00 through to approximately 23:00. morning wet market is also familiar in Malaysia. In parts of Malaysia, jungle produce markets trade in indigenous fruits and vegetables, all of which are gaining popularity as consumers switch to pesticide-free food products. Some of the more nutritional indigenous produce includes fruits such as dabai (
Canarium odontophyllum), kembayau (
Dacryodes rostrata f. cuspidata), durian nyekak (
Durio kutejensis), durian kuning (
Durio graveolens), letup (
Passiflora foetida), kepayang (
Pangium edule), and tubu (
Pycnarrhena tumetacta) and vegetables such as tengang (
Gnetum sp.), riang batu (
Begonia chlorosticia), kampung (
Leucosyke capitellata), and tongkat langit (
Musa troglodytarum). The main markets in Kuala Lumpur include:
Pudu market: rated as KL's largest wet market by the
Lonely Planet Guide;
Central Market, Kuala Lumpur; Chow Kit Wet Market; Kampong Bahru Pasar Minggu; China Town; Petaling Jaya SS2; Bangsar Baru and Lorong Tuanka Abdul Rahman. File:Sapeh player, Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - 20070401.jpg|
Sapeh player, performing at the Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia File:Central Market, Kuala Lumpur 02.JPG|Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (interior) File:Pasar Seni (Central Market) Kuala Lumpur.jpg|Pasar Seni (Central Market) Kuala Lumpur (exterior) File:Behind the Scenes DeliciouslyDiverse Malaysia Gina Keatley Jalan Alor.jpg|Night market at Jalan Alor, Malaysia
Philippines In the
Philippines, the word refers to a group of stalls under a covered roof. Locals use for daily shopping. Public markets are the primary trading centres in cities. In rural districts, public markets are in a state of disrepair. Weekend markets are popular for organic and artisanal foods purchases. In addition, a number of farmers' markets have sprung up. The Cubao Farmers Market, in Quezon City gained international attention following a feature spot on the cable network program,
No Reservations, with Anthony Bourdain in 2009. File:Palengke - Danao City 01 by Hulagway.jpg|A
Palengke, Danao City
Philippines File:FvfVillasisBagsakan9425 24.JPG|Produce market, Pangasinan File:0161jfPedestrian footbridge Tayuman Juan Luna Bridge Estero de la Reina C-22 Capulong Pritil Tondo Manilafvf.jpg|New Pritil Public Market, Manila File:Star Market Palengke in Novaliches.jpg|A palengke in Novaliches, Quezon City
Thailand Bangkok Bangkok's markets are popular with both locals and visitors. Floating markets can be found in Bangkok and elsewhere. Vendors not only sell fresh produce from boats, but will also cook meals and snacks on their vessels for sale to the public. These floating markets are a popular tourist attraction. File:Bangkok Chatuchak Market 2.jpg|Bangkok's Chatuchak Market, one of the largest markets in the world File:Taling Chan Floating Market in Taling Chan District, Bangkok, Thailand 2.jpg|Food vendors at Taling Chan Floating Market,
Taling Chan District File:Asiatique The Riverfront Bangkok.jpg|The Harbour Market, The Riverfront File:BobaeTowerEntrance.jpg|Entrance to Bobae Tower Market File:Suan Lum Night Bazaar information.jpg|Suan Lum Night Bazaar File:Insect vendor in Bangkok, Thailand.JPG|Insect vendor in Bangkok
West Asia In the West Asia, markets are known as
bazaars or
souks. The earliest bazaars are believed to have originated in Persia, and spread to the rest of the Middle East and Europe from there. Documentary sources suggest that zoning policies confined trading to particular parts of a city from around 3,000 BCE, creating the conditions necessary for the emergence of a bazaar. In the ancient cities of Iran, three types of bazaar have been identified; periodic bazaars, urban bazaars, and local bazaars.
Periodic bazaars could be organised anywhere and typically took place in open spaces and traded in specialities such as handicrafts, clothing, livestock and foodstuffs. These took place at regular intervals such as monthly or yearly.
Urban bazaars were held in covered public walkways with shops or stores on both sides. Its architecture varied according to local conditions including climate, culture and the economic power of the city in which it was situated. Urban bazaars were places for commercial, social and cultural interactions.
Local bazaars, held in specific districts of larger cities, were similar to urban bazaars, but on a smaller scale with fewer shops. In pre-Islamic Arabia, markets took on two forms, permanent urban markets and temporary, seasonal markets often located in regional districts. Gradually, markets or bazaars gradually became central features of urban towns and were relocated to the city centre. Permanent markets are mentioned frequently in ancient literary sources.
Iran Markets in
Iran with historical or architectural significance include: •
Grand Bazaar, Tehran •
Bazaar of Kashan, Iran •
Bazaar of Isfahan, Iran – historic site which dates to Saljuqid and Safavid era and is the longest roofed market in the world. •
Bazaar of Tabriz, Iran – historic site that originally developed along the ancient silk routes; listed as a World Heritage Site •
Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz, Iran File:Isfahan 1200977 nevit.jpg|Isfahan Bazaar, Iran File:Antiguo Bazar de Kashan, Kashan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 86.jpg|Bazaar of Kashan, Kashan, Iran File:Carpet Bazaar of Tabriz.JPG|Carpet Bazaar of Tabriz, Iran
Israel The Hebrew word for market is (plural: ), and food markets are found in every major city. Famous markets include the
Carmel Market in
Tel Aviv and
Mahane Yehuda Market in
Jerusalem. File:Jaffa bazzar 1906-2.jpg|Jaffa Bazaar in 1906 File:Early-Morning Scene in Mahane Yehuda Market - Jerusalem - Israel (5676607844).jpg|Early-Morning Scene in Mahane Yehuda Market, Jerusalem File:Old Jerusalem Damas Gate Market.JPG|Entrance Damascus Gate Market File:Entrance to Nazareth market.jpg|Entrance to Nazareth market File:Acre (Akko) - Israel (24846804171).jpg|Turkish Bazaar, Acre (Akko)
Turkey Street markets are called in
Turkish and usually named after the name of the day since they are only installed at around 05:00 on that specific day and ended on same day around 18:00, in every week. Every district in
Turkey has its own open market where people can choose and buy from a very wide range of products, from fresh fruits and vegetables to clothing, from traditional
white cheese (which some people may consider
feta-like), to household items. In
Istanbul area
Wednesday Pazar of
Fatih district,
Tuesday Pazar of
Kadıköy, and
Friday Pazar of
Ortaköy are the most popular and crowded open markets of the city. A market with shops or permanent stalls is called and may include covered streets that are closed at night. Famous examples include the (
Grand Bazaar) and
Spice Bazaar in Istanbul. File:Fish market in Istanbul 2.jpg |Fish market in Istanbul File:Fish market in Istanbul 3.jpg |Fish market in Istanbul File:Dried fish at the market in Istanbul.jpg|Fish market in Istanbul File:Spices at the market in Istanbul.jpg|Spices in Istanbul File:Olives in Spice Bazaar, Istanbul.jpg|Olives in Spice Bazaar File:Nuts in Spice Bazaar, Istanbul.jpg|Nuts in Spice Bazaar
Europe Northern Europe Denmark • Torvehallerne Market, Copenhagen – specializing in Nordic foods File:Copenhagen Torvehallerne (30267894558).jpg|The inside of the Torvehallerne Market File:20190709 copenhagen jpeg2 06.jpg|The outside of the Torvehallerne Market
Finland •
Market Square, Helsinki •
Market Square, Kuopio •
Market Square, Turku •
Tammelantori, Tampere
Netherlands •
Markthal Market, Rotterdam • Vismarkt, Groningen File:Sybrand van Beest 001.jpg|Fruit and vegetable market by Sybrand van Beest, 1652 Image:Alkmaar.jpg|Cheese market in Alkmaar File:Vrijmarkt Den Haag Koninginnedag 30 april 2005 versie 2.JPG|
Jumble sale in The Hague File:Roermond markt.jpg|Market in Roermond
Latvia •
Riga Central Market File:Riga Central Market (47780146551).jpg|Fruit and vegetable pavilion of
Riga Central Market File:Smoked fish in Riga main market.jpg|Smoked fish in Riga Central Market
Eastern Europe Romania •
Christmas market File:Bucharest market, 1869.jpg|Fish Market at Bucharest by Amadeo Preziosi, 1869
Russia Ukraine •
Besarabsky Market •
Pryvoz Market •
Seventh-Kilometer Market Central Europe Austria •
Naschmarkt,
Vienna – a 16th-century market
Czech Republic Hungary • Central Market Hall, Budapest – built in 1897, the largest market in
Budapest File:Nádler Grand Market Hall in Budapest 1898.jpg|Grand Market Hall in Budapest by Róbert Nádler, 1898
Slovakia File:Perlmutter Market at Besztercebánya 1906.jpg|Market at Besztercebánya by Izsák Perlmutter, 1906 File:Deák Ébner, Lajos - Market of Melons.jpg|Market of Melons, Lajos, by Deák Ébner, n.d.
Western Europe Belgium With the rise of global trade in the 16th century,
Antwerp became the largest market town in Europe. •
Grote Markt, Antwerp • Gare du Midi, Brussels – Sunday market
France Paris was one of the first European cities to implement a system of formal, centralised and covered market places.
Les Halles, a vast centralised wholesale market, was known to be in existence at least by the 13th century when it was expanded, and was demolished in 1971 to make way for an underground shopping precinct. The French system of organised, designated central retail markets was extensively studied by architects in London with a view to emulating the system and ultimately eradicating the informal supply of produce via street vendors. • Raspail Market, Paris File:Louise Moillon - At the Market Stall - WGA16074.jpg|At the market stall, painting by
Louise Moillon, 1609 File:Street market rue Mouffetard St Medard dsc00727.jpg|Street market,
Rue Mouffetard File:Georges Stein Flower Market.jpg|Flower market, Quai de l'Horloge File:Rue Debelleyme. Marché. - panoramio.jpg|Rue Debelleyme, second-hand market File:Marché Saint-Quentin 2016.jpg|Market Saint-Quentin, 2016
Germany •
Christkindlesmarkt, Nuremberg, (Christmas market), Germany • Markthalle IX, Berlin, Germany – built in 1891 •
Striezelmarkt Dresden, Germany File:Springer Cornelis Many Figures On The Market Square In Front Of The Martinikirche Braunschweig.jpg|
Figures on the Market Square in Front of the Martinikirche Braunschweig, by Cornelis Springer, 1874
United Kingdom Background and licensing The majority of retail markets are operated by the public sector and administered by local governments. A small number are operated by private groups or individuals. Traders can be licensed to trade on a single pitch but not at a national level or when trading on private land. This piecemeal licensing system has contributed to declining public confidence in the reputation of markets. A voluntary scheme has been set up by The Market People, backed by the National Association of British Market Authorities (NABMA) to address this problem. It provides consumers with traceability of traders and goods as well as the ability to rate and contact the traders. A MarketPASS is issued to an operator or trader, once they have provided proof of identity, insurance and, where required, a hygiene certificate. A study conducted by the Retail Alliance noted that Britain had 1,124 traditional retail markets, 605 farmers' markets, 26 wholesale markets and more than 45,700 retail traders and that retail markets had an annual turnover of over £3.5 billion while wholesale markets had turnover of £4.1 billion annually. The data also shows that traditional outdoor street markets continue to dominate the market space, but are in decline. Markets also have significant appeal for tourists and visitors. Some researchers make a distinction between
traditional markets and
gentrified markets. Traditional markets which are primarily held outdoors on specific days, focus on high volume produce sold with low margins. In the gentrified market, the focus is on specialty produce, notably organic foods, hyper-local produce, artisanal products, vintage clothing, or designer brands. Whereas traditional markets are in decline, gentrified markets represent a major growth opportunity. File:Jacques-Laurent Agasse - Old Smithfield Market - Google Art Project.jpg|Old Smithfield Market painting by Jacques-Laurent Agasse, 1824 File:Market Square in 1853, Portsmouth, NH.jpg|Market Square in Portsmouth, 1853 File:Leadenhall Market entrance Illustrated London New 1881.jpg|London's Leadenhall market (exterior), 1881 File:Market Day in Stockport 1910s.jpg|Market Day in Stockport, 1910s File:Bryant, Henry Charles - The Market Stall - 20th century.jpg|
The Market Stall by Henry Charles Bryant, early 20th century
England's chartered markets and fairs From the 11th century, the English monarchs awarded a charter to local lords to create markets and fairs for a town or village. A charter granted the lords the right to take tolls from vendors and also afforded some protection to a town from rival markets. Once a chartered market was granted for specific market days, a nearby rival market could not open on the same days. Across the boroughs of England, a network of chartered markets sprang up between the 12th and 16th centuries, giving consumers reasonable choice in the markets they preferred to patronise. Gradually these market towns developed a reputation for quality or for trade in specific types of goods. Today, traders and showmen jealously guard these historic charters.
County markets •
Covered Market, Oxford, Oxfordshire •
Covered Market, Preston •
Leeds Kirkgate Market, Yorkshire •
Old Market, Bristol •
The Old Market, Hove •
Market Harborough, Leicestershire File:Salisbury Market 20040724.jpg|Salisbury chartered market File:Sedbergh charter market.jpg|Sedbergh chartered market File:Market Square, Huntingdon - geograph.org.uk - 1429707.jpg|Market Square, Huntingdon File:Northampton Market Square Lights 9.jpg|Northampton Market is thought to be England's oldest continuously operating chartered market File:Altrincham, Charter Market - geograph.org.uk - 1313227.jpg|Altrincham, Chartered Market
London Between the 13th century and the Great Fire of 1666, London's main market was the
Stocks Market, "on the site of the fixed pillory where traders were punished who fell foul of the Assize Courts". The Stocks Market was removed in 1737 as part of
Christopher Wren's plans to rebuild the city. New wholesale markets were erected in strategic locations and these prospered until well into the 19th century with some continuing until modern times. The wholesale markets were highly controlled, closed environments that were minutely regulated and meticulously planned. These included
Smithfield Meat Market (built in 1866),
Billingsgate Fish Market (constructed in 1875) and
Leadenhall Market (completed in 1881). The retail trade was largely serviced by itinerant street sellers or
costermongers. In central London, costermongers worked along designated routes, selling door-to-door or by trading from some 36 unauthorised, but highly organised markets situated along major thoroughfares or meeting places such as
Whitecross Street,
Covent Garden and Leather Lane. In an attempt to regulate street trading, a number of authorised retail markets were built during the 19th century with limited success. Examples of retail markets constructed during this period include: St James, St George's (Southwark),
Carnaby,
Hungerford, Randall's (
Poplar, London), Fitzroy, Finsbury, and the People's Market (Whitechapel),
Angela Burdett-Coutts' Market and
Columbia Road Market (now a flower market). Retail markets were less successful than their wholesale counterparts and the number of retail markets declined from 24 in 1800 to 17 in 1840. In reality, London's working classes generally preferred the convenience of street trading which continued to thrive until the 20th century. Charles Knight devoted an entire section to markets in his pictorial essay,
Pictorial Half-hours of London Topography, (1851) in which he identifies the main wholesale markets as the Corn Market; the Coal Exchange; Billingsgate – the main fish market; Smithfield – a cattle market since at least 1150. Retail meat markets include Newgate; Whitechapel; Newgate; Newport, Oxford; St George's, and Shepherd's Market in Mayfair. Produce markets included Covent Garden, which Knight considered to be the 'pre-eminent' vegetable market; Farringdon Market between Holborn Hill and Fleet Street; Spitalfields, the largest potato market in London; Portman Market; Hungerford Market; and Leadenhall Market, a mixed produce and meat market. In addition, the Skin Market at Bermondsey dealt in leather and hay markets were held at Whitechapel, Cumberland Market, Regent's Park, and Smithfield. Some examples of street markets operating today include
Berwick Street Market,
Broadway Market,
Camden Market,
East Street Market,
Petticoat Lane, and
Portobello Road Market. The most popular for food is
Borough Market which sell most fresh produce as well as having a bakery. File:Old-Covent-Garden-Market,-1825.jpg|Covent Garden market, illustration by
George Johann Scharf circa 1820 File:Leadenhall Market Illustrated London News 1881.jpg|Leadenhall Market from the
Illustrated London News, 1881 File:Leadenhall Market In London - Feb 2006 rotated.jpg|Leadenhall Market (interior), 2006 File:Microcosm of London Plate 009 - Billingsgate Market (unk).jpg|Billingsgate Fish Market, circa 1808 File:Billingsgate Fish Market. Interior ILN 1876.jpg|Billingsgate Fish Market, interior, 1876 File:Thomas Rowlandson - Rag Fair or Rosemary Lane - Google Art Project.jpg|Rag Fair (now Petticoat Lane Market) by
Thomas Rowlandson, late 18th century File:Petticoat Lane London 1971.jpg|Petticoat Lane Market, London, 1971
Wholesale markets in London •
New Covent Garden Market •
Borough Market •
Old Billingsgate Market •
Leadenhall Market •
Smithfield Market •
Spitalfields Market Retail markets in London •
Bermondsey Market •
Brick Lane Market •
Broadway Market •
Camden Market •
Chalton Street Market •
Earlham Street Market •
Inverness Street Market •
Islington Farmers' Market •
Goodge Place Market •
Greenwich Market •
Hungerford Market •
Leadenhall Market •
Leather Lane Market •
Petticoat Lane Market •
Piccadilly Market •
Plender Street Market •
Portobello Road •
Queen's Crescent Market •
Swiss Cottage Market Southern Europe Greece Street markets in
Greece are called (''
) in plural, or () in singular, meaning "people's market''". They are very common all over Greece, including the capital,
Athens. Regular (weekly) morning markets sell mostly fresh produce from farming cooperatives – fruit, vegetables, fish, and flowers/plants. Some household items and prepared foods are often available. Annual street markets () occur around churches on the day of their patron saint. These take place in the evenings and have a more festive character, often involving attractions and food stalls. The goods sold range from clothing and accessories to household items, furniture, toys, and trinkets. Athens also has several bazaars/enclosed markets. • New Market (Nea Agora), Rhodes Island, Greece • Central Municipal Market, Athinas Street, Athens - a 19th-century market
Italy •
Campo de' Fiori, Rome • – seasonal wine fair, Greve, Chianti • – seasonal handicrafts market, Fortezza da Basso • – seasonal antiques' market, Palazzo Shrozzi • , Florence • Testaccio Market, Rome
Ancient and historic Italian market places •
Trajan's Market, Rome – ruins of ancient market place • Loggia de Mercato Nuovo, Florence, built between 1547 and 1551 by Giovanni Battista del Tasso and is currently under restoration • Loggia de Mercado Vecchio, now demolished File:Loggia del pesce before 1880.jpg|Loggia del pesce, Mercato Vecchi, before its demolition in the 1880s File:Telemaco Signorini, La Via del fuoco, 1881 circa 38,8x65cm.jpg|La Via del Fuoco and Mercato Vecchio, painting by Telemaco Signorini, c. 1881 File:Loggia del mercato nuovo 01.JPG|Loggia del Mercato Nuovo in 2008 (exterior) File:Trajansmarkt.jpg|Trajan's Market, Rome (ruins) File:Pompeii Market (4724888221).jpg|Entrance to Market place, Pompeii
Spain In Spain, two types of retail market can be identified; permanent markets and periodic markets.
Permanent markets are typically housed in a building dedicated to the use of stallholders and vendors.
Periodic markets appear in the streets and plazas on specific days, such as weekends or festival days and most often sell products made by local artisans including leather goods, fashion accessories, especially scarves and costume jewellery. Vendors at periodic markets typically erect tents or canvas awnings to provide some type of temporary cover for themselves and shoppers. Produce markets, farmers' markets and flea markets are all commonplace. In addition, street vendors are a relatively common sight across most parts of Spain. Street vendors roam around in search of a suitable venue such as a plaza, entrance to a railway station or beach front where they lay their goods out on mats. Products sold by street vendors are of highly variable quality.
Barcelona The first reliable recorded references to markets in Barcelona date to the 10th century. Barcelona, at that time, was a walled city and the first open-air market was held outside the walls, (in the area now known as ). A merchant district soon grew up around the market. During the 19th century, numerous covered markets were erected, specifically Santa Caterina Market (1844); Sant Josep (c. 1840), Llibertat (1875), Sant Antoni (1882), Barceloneta (1884), Concepció and Hostafrancs (1888), Clot and Poblenou (1889), and Abaceria in Gracia (1892).
Barcelona residents are well served by the city's 39 produce markets. Every barri (suburb) has at least one fresh produce market. It is often said that no matter where you find yourself in Barcelona, you are never more than 10 minutes walk from a market. Barcelona's markets attract some 62 million visits yearly, turnover €950 million and employ 7,500 people. Some of the larger produce markets still in operation include: Mercat de
La Boqueria in El Raval; Mercat de Sant Antoni in Sant Antoni; Mercat de Sant Andreu in Sant Andreu;
Mercat de Santa Caterina in L'Eixample, Mercat del Ninot in L'Eixample; Mercat de la Concepció also in L'Eixample; Mercat de la Llibertat in Gràcia; Mercat de Sants in Sants-Montjuïc; Mercat de Galvany in Sarrià-Sant Gervasi; Mercat de Vall d'Hebron. In addition, Barcelona offers many non-food markets including the street market; La Rambla de les Flors; Dominical de Sant Antoni; Encants de Sant Antoni; and Mercat Encants Barcelona - Fira de Bellcaire. File:Barcelona 2015 10 10 0465 (22518828424).jpg|Main entrance to the Mercat de San Josep, known simply as La Boqueria File:La Boqueria.JPG|Fruit display at Mercat de
La Boqueria in La Rambla, Barcelona File:Mercado de Santa Caterina.jpg|Mercat de Santa Caterina, Barcelona File:Mercat S Antoni 25-8-13.JPG|Mercat de San Antoni, Barcelona File:Sant Jordi 2007 Mataró.JPG|Street market at Sant Jordi, Mataró
Bilbao •
Mercado de la Ribera Madrid The main markets in central Madrid are San Anton Market;
San Miguel Market, a gourmet tapas market; Cámera Agraria (Madrid Farmers' Market); and
El Rastro, the largest open air flea market. File:Mercado de San Miguel - RI-51-0010569 -.JPG|Mercado de San Miguel (interior) File:Night market in December, Madrid.JPG|Night market in December, Madrid File:Madrid - Mercado de San Anton.jpg|Mercado de San Anton, Madrid File:Mercado de Maravillas, calle Bravo Murillo, Madrid.JPG|Mercado de Maravillas,
calle Bravo Murillo, Madrid File:Rastro de Madrid (España) 6.jpg|
El Rastro Madrid, the largest flea market
Valencia The Mercat or
Mercado Central is the main public market in
Valencia. Built at the turn of the twentieth century, the building combines Gothic and Art Nouveau architectural features. Popular with both locals and visitors, a distinctive feature is the quality of fresh fish and seafood, which once purchased can be taken to the street stalls around the perimeter of the market who will cook it to order. The
Mercado de Colón in
Eixample, Valencia is also a very popular fresh produce market. Image:Mercado Central de Valencia1.JPG|Mercado Central (exterior) File:Mercado Central, Valencia, España, 2014-06-30, DD 118.JPG|Mercado Central, Valencia (interior) File:Mercado de Colon 113.JPG|Mercado de Colón (exterior) File:WLM14ES - MERCADODE COLÓN DE VALENCIA 05072008 181508 00002 - .jpg|Mercado de Colón (interior)
Seville Popular markets in Seville include the Triana market and the Central market housed within the
Metropol Parasol complex. In addition, Seville offers many smaller neighbourhood markets such as Mercado de la Calle Feria and Mercado de la Encarnación. File:Mercado triana 2016002.jpg|Mercado Triana (Triana Market) File:Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG|Mosaic sign for the Triana Market File:Mercado triana 2015001.jpg|Fish vendor at the Mercado Triana File:Mercado encarnación 2015001.jpg|Mercado Encarnación
Southeastern Europe (Balkans) Croatia In
Serbo-Croatian, a farmer's market is formally known as , and colloquially as , , or depending on the region and dialect. •
Dolac,
Zagreb Serbia In
Serbo-Croatian, a farmer's market is formally known as , and colloquially as , , or depending on region and dialect. The markets in large cities are open daily, including Sunday, from around 5 or 6 am to mid-afternoon. In smaller towns, markets often open once a week, on a specific day known as . •
Kalenić,
Belgrade •
Great Market, Belgrade – Built in around 1854 • Vračar Square (Square of Flowers), Belgrade
North America Canada •
Atwater Market –
Montreal, Quebec •
ByWard Market –
Ottawa, Ontario •
The Forks Market –
Winnipeg, Manitoba •
Granville Island –
Vancouver, British Columbia •
Jean Talon Market –
Montreal, Quebec •
Kensington Market –
Toronto, Ontario •
Lonsdale Quay –
North Vancouver, British Columbia •
St. Lawrence Market – Toronto, Ontario •
Westminster Quay –
New Westminster, British Columbia •
Main Street Markham Farmers' Market (Seasonal) –
Markham, Ontario •
Stiver Mills Farmers' Market (Seasonal) -
Markham, Ontario •
Kitchener Farmer's Market –
Kitchener, Ontario •
St. Jacobs Farmers' Market –
St. Jacobs, Ontario •
York Farmers Market –
Markham, Ontario •
Downsview Park Farmers Market – Toronto •
Saint John City Market –
Saint John, New Brunswick Historic markets that have been converted to other uses include: •
St. Patrick's Market, Toronto – retail building •
St. Andrew's Market, Toronto – demolished 1937 and site of water works and park File:Feature. Bonsecours Market BAnQ P48S1P05249.jpg|Public market at
place Jacques-Cartier in
Montreal,
Quebec in 1940 File:Cambridge Farmers Market 1.jpg|Cambridge Farmers Market File:Market 002.JPG|City Market, St Johns File:St. Jacobs Farmers Market food building, 2010 July 10.jpg|St. Jacobs Farmers Market File:F2248539.jpg|Arctic Market, Inuvik, Canada
Mexico Since 2014, gourmet
food halls have also sprung up in
Mexico City, starting with
Mercado Roma. Some traditional markets include: •
Mercado Jamaica, Mexico City, a traditional market in
Mexico City •
Mercado de Sonora, a traditional market in
Mexico City •
San Juan de Dios Market in
Guadalajara File:Murales Rivera - Markt in Tlatelolco 2.jpg|Market in Tlatelolco, mural by Diego Rivera File:Churros Stand Coyoacán.jpg|Churro Stands, like this one in Coyoacán, Mexico City, are a common sight in Latin-America. File:MercadodeSanJuandeDios.jpg|Grocery stalls in
San Juan de Dios Market in
Guadalajara, Mexico File:MercadoArtesaniasSanCris.JPG|Artisans' Market, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico File:EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG|Entrance to Hidalgo Market, Guanajuato
Caribbean Puerto Rico •
Mercado de las Carnes, a former meat market in
Ponce, Puerto Rico United States In the
United States, the term
public market is often used for a place where vendors or merchants meet at the same location on a regular basis. A public market has a sponsoring entity that has legal and financial responsibility to oversee operations and, sometimes, provides facilities to house the market activity. Public markets may incorporate the traditional market activity – the sale of fresh food from open stalls – and may also offer a wide range of different products. Public markets may incorporate elements of specialized markets such as farmers markets, craft markets, and antique markets. Traditionally public markets in the US were owned and operated by city governments, but this is no longer the case. According to the
Ford Foundation, what distinguishes public markets from other types of related retail activity are three characteristics. Public markets: – San Francisco, California •
Boston Public Market – Boston, Massachusetts •
Broad Street Market – Harrisburg, Pennsylvania •
Brooklyn Flea – Brooklyn, New York •
Chattanooga Market (2001–present) – Chattanooga, Tennessee •
Chicago farmers' markets Chicago, Illinois •
City Market (Charleston, South Carolina) •
City Market (Petersburg, Virginia) – Petersburg, Virginia. Built in 1878–79 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places •
City Market (Savannah, Georgia) •
Crescent City Farmers Market – New Orleans, Louisiana •
Cross Street Market – Baltimore, Maryland •
Dallas Farmers Market – Dallas, Texas •
Dane County Farmers' Market – Madison, Wisconsin •
Dayton Arcade – Dayton, Ohio •
Eastern Market – Detroit, Michigan •
Eastern Market – Washington, D.C. •
Ferry Plaza Farmers Market & Ferry Building Marketplace – San Francisco, California •
Findlay Market (1855–present) – Cincinnati, Ohio •
French Market – New Orleans, Louisiana •
Fulton Fish Market New York, New York •
Grand Central Market – Los Angeles, California •
Grand Central Market – New York, New York •
Haymarket – Boston, Massachusetts •
Hollins Market – Baltimore, Maryland •
Indianapolis City Market (1821–present) – Indianapolis, Indiana •
Italian Market, Philadelphia – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania •
James Beard Public Market (future) – Portland, Oregon •
La Marqueta – New York, New York •
Lancaster Central Market – Lancaster, Pennsylvania •
Lexington Market (1782–present) – Baltimore, Maryland •
Los Angeles Farmers Market – Los Angeles, California •
Maxwell Street Market – Chicago, Illinois •
Midtown Global Market – Minneapolis, Minnesota •
Milwaukee Public Market (2005–present) – Milwaukee, Wisconsin •
North Market – Columbus, Ohio •
Olvera Street – Los Angeles, California •
Pike Place Market (1907–present) – Seattle, Washington •
Ponce City Market – Atlanta, Georgia •
Portland Public Market (1933–1942) – Portland, Oregon •
Portland Saturday Market (1974–present) – Portland, Oregon •
Reading Terminal Market (1893–present) – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania •
River Market (formerly known as Westport Landing, the City Market, and River Quay) - Kansas City, Missouri •
PNC Second Street Market – Dayton, Ohio •
Soulard Market – St. Louis, Missouri •
Sweet Auburn Curb Market (1918–present) – Atlanta, Georgia •
Union Market – Washington, D.C. •
Union Square Greenmarket – New York, New York •
West Side Market – Cleveland, Ohio
Lists of markets •
List of Farmers Markets in Indiana Oceania Australia Melbourne The
Queen Victoria Market is the city of Melbourne's central market. Opened in 1878, it is the largest open air market in the southern hemisphere and its largely intact original buildings offer visitors the opportunity to shop among 19th century retail rows and experience a vibrant, working market place. The Queen Victoria Market site has been listed as an historic place by Heritage Victoria and a number of its buildings are listed as notable buildings on the Historic Building Register of Victoria. The site is currently undergoing a site renewal project. It is a Melbourne landmark, popular with both locals and visitors. Major suburban markets include the
Prahran Market,
South Melbourne market and the
Footscray Market. Periodic farmers' markets are also very popular in Melbourne. File:Queen Victoria Market, Melbourne, 2017-10-29 01.jpg|
Queen Victoria Market, entrance to the Meat and Fish Hall File:Prahran market.jpg|
Prahran Market, South Yarra File:North Melbourne Market.jpg|
Metropolitan Meat Market, North Melbourne File:South Melbourne market outside 1a.jpg|South Melbourne market (exterior)
Sydney Sydney boasts a number of popular markets. The Rocks market, situated in the
Rocks district, near the Sydney Opera House, focuses on crafts, jewellery, and leather goods and operates at weekends.
Paddy's Market, near Chinatown, is the produce market and operates Wednesday through to Sunday.
Haymarket is one of the main produce markets and is located in Flemington. The
Sydney Fish Market, in Pyrmont opens from 7:00 am on Wednesday through to Saturday. Paddington Markets on Oxford Street sells a range of goods from fresh produce through to clothing. File:Vegetable market0004.jpg|Haymarket fresh produce market, Hay Street, Sydney, NSW File:Chinatown Night Market, Sydney.jpg|Chinatown Night Market, Sydney, NSW File:Rocks Market.jpg|Rocks Market in 2007 File:Sydney Fish Market view from Glebe.JPG|Sydney Fish Market view from Glebe, NSW
Perth File:Fremantle Markets northwest corner iphone shot 2013.jpg|Fremantle Markets, northwest corner, Perth, Western Australia File:OIC perth night market 2012-01-06 overview.jpg|Perth night market, 2012 File:Perth Night Noodle Markets.jpg|Perth Night Noodle Markets
Adelaide •
Adelaide Central Market File:Adelaide Central Market.jpg|Adelaide Central Market, 2006 File:Central Court, Adelaide Central Market.JPG|Central Court, Adelaide Central Market File:Adelaide Central Market Buildings Foundation Stone.jpg|Adelaide Central Market Buildings Foundation Stone
Hobart •
Salamanca Market File:Salamanca Market, Hobart, Tasmania.jpg|Salamanca Place Market, Hobart, Tasmania File:Salamanca Market Hobart Tasmania.jpg|Salamanca Market Hobart Tasmania File:Salamanca market in Hobart.JPG|Salamanca market in Hobart File:Salamanca Market May.JPG|Salamanca Market May
Papua New Guinea Drawing heavily on the anthropological literature, Benedicktsson argues that a distinct type of
Melanesian market that is substantially different to other Asian markets, can be identified. The key characteristics of the PNG market are that it is dominated by producer-sellers, most of whom are women. Prices are set at the start of the day's trade, and rarely change. Haggling and aggressive selling are rarely practised. At the end of the day's trade, produce is not cleared, but rather is taken away for the seller's private consumption or is distributed among kin and close family. File:Gerehu Markets Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (10697550585).jpg|Gerehu Markets, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea File:Picturesque New Guinea Plate XXXIII - Kerepunu Women at the Market Place of Kalo.jpg|Kerepunu women at the market place of Kalo, 1885 File:Buin NSP Saturday market 1978.jpg|Buin NSP Saturday market, 1978 File:GorokaMarket.jpg|Goroka market
South America Brazil • –
São Paulo,
São Paulo •
Liberdade street market –
São Paulo,
São Paulo • –
Porto Alegre,
Rio Grande do Sul •
Mercado Ver-o-Peso –
Belém,
Pará •
Mercado Adolpho Lisboa –
Manaus,
Amazonas •
Mercado Modelo –
Salvador, Bahia File:Sao Paulo - Mercado Municipal.JPG|Mercado Municipal in
São Paulo,
Brazil File:Açai no Mercado do Ver-o-peso.jpg|Açai vendor at the Ver-o-Peso Market, Belém, Brazil File:Belem-Ver-o-pesokl.jpg|Fish seller at Belém, Pará, Brazil File:Vendedor de pequi.jpg|"Vendedor de pequi", fruit seller, a common sight in Brazil
Chile • , the central market of
Santiago de Chile Uruguay • , a central fruit and vegetable wholesale market in
Montevideo ==See also==