Seljuk dynasty

The Seljuks originated from the Kinik branch of the Oghuz Turks, who in the 8th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world; north of the Caspian Sea and Aral Sea in their Oghuz Yabgu State in the Kazakh Steppe of Turkestan. During the 10th century, Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities. In the 11th century, the Seljuks migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland Persia, in the province of Khurasan, where they encountered the Ghaznavids. The Seljuks defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Nasa in 1035. Seljuk's grandsons, Tughril and Chaghri, received the insignias of governor, grants of land, and were given the title of dehqan. At the Battle of Dandanaqan, they defeated a Ghaznavid army, and after a successful siege of Isfahan by Tughril in 1050/51, established the Great Seljuk Empire. The Seljuks mixed with the local population and adopted the Persian culture and Persian language in the following decades. ==Later period==

After arriving in Persia, the Seljuks adopted the Persian culture and used the Persian language as the official language of the government, and played an important role in the development of the Turko-Persian tradition which features "Persian culture patronized by Turkic rulers". Today, they are remembered as great patrons of Persian culture, art, literature, and language. ==Seljuk rulers==

Rulers of the Seljuk Dynasty . Carved and drilled stone with Iranian craftsmanship. Kept at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. , a 12th-century monument south of Tehran commemorating Toğrül , built in Iran in 1053 to house the remains of Seljuk princes The "Great Seljuks" were heads of the family; in theory their authority extended over all the other Seljuk lines, although in practice this often was not the case. Turkic custom called for the senior member of the family to be the Great Seljuk, although usually the position was associated with the ruler of western Persia. • ''Muhammad's son Mahmud II succeeded him in western Persia, but Ahmad Sanjar, who was the governor of Khurasan at the time being the senior member of the family, became the Great Seljuk Sultan.'' Seljuk sultans of Hamadan in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I The rulers of western Persia, who maintained a very loose grip on the Abbasids of Baghdad. Several Turkic emirs gained a strong level of influence in the region, such as the Eldiguzids. • Mahmud II 1118–1131 • 1131–1133 disputed between: • Dawud 1131–1132 • Mas'ud (in Jibal and Iranian Azerbaijan) 1132 • Toghrul II, 1132–1133 • Mas'ud 1133–1152 • Malik Shah III 1152–1153 • Muhammad II 1153–1159 • Suleiman-Shah 1159–1161 • Arslan-Shah 1161–1177 • Toghrul III 1177–1194 In 1194, Toghrul III was killed in battle with the Khwarezm Shah, who annexed Hamadan. Seljuk rulers of Kerman Kerman was a province in southern Persia. Between 1053 and 1154, the territory also included Umman. • Qavurt 1041–1073 (great-grandson of Seljuq, brother of Alp Arslan) • Kerman Shah 1073–1074 • Sultan Shah 1074–1075 or 1074–1085 • Hussain Omar 1075–1084 or 1074 (before Sultan Shah) • Turan Shah I 1084–1096 or 1085–1097 • Iranshah ibn Turanshah 1096–1101 or 1097–1101 • Arslan Shah I 1101–1142 • Muhammad I 1142–1156 • Tuğrul Shah 1156–1169 or 1156–1170 • Bahram-Shah 1169–1174 or 1170–1175 • Arslan Shah II 1174–1176 or 1175–1176 • Turan Shah II 1176–1183 • Muhammad II Shah 1183–1187 or 1183–1186 Muhammad abandoned Kerman, which fell into the hands of the Oghuz chief Malik Dinar. Kerman was eventually annexed by the Khwarazmian Empire in 1196. Seljuk rulers in Syria • Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1085–1086 • Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I of Great Seljuk 1086–1087 • Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1087–1094 • Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I (second time) 1094–1095 • Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan 1095–1113 • Tadj ad-Dawla Alp Arslan al-Akhras 1113–1114 • Sultan Shah 1114–1123 To the Artuqids Sultans/Emirs of Damascus: • Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 1076–1079 • Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1079–1095 • Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 1095–1104 • Tutush II 1104 • Muhi ad-Din Baktāsh (Ertaş) 1104 Damascus seized by the Burid Toghtekin Seljuk sultans of Rum (Anatolia) in 1190, before the Third Crusade The Seljuk line, already having been deprived of any significant power, effectively ended in the early 14th century. • Kutalmish 1060–1077 (Not Sultan) • Suleyman I (Suleiman) 1077–1086 • Dawud Kilij Arslan 1092–1107 • Malik Shah 1107–1116 • Rukn ad-Din Mesud I 1116–1156 • Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II 1156–1192 • Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I 1192–1196 • Suleyman II (Suleiman) 1196–1204 • Kilij Arslan III 1204–1205 • Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I (second time) 1205–1211 • Izz ad-Din Kaykaus I 1211–1220 • Ala ad-Din Kayqubad I 1220–1237 • Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw II 1237–1246 • Izz ad-Din Kaykaus II 1246–1260 • Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV 1248–1265 • Ala ad-Din Kayqubad II 1249–1257 • Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw III 1265–1282 • Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II 1282–1284 • Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III 1284 • Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (second time) 1284–1293 • Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (second time) 1293–1294 • Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (third time) 1294–1301 • Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (third time) 1301–1303 • Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (fourth time) 1303–1307 • Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud III 1307-1308 (possibly claimant) • Kilij Arslan V (claimant) ==Titles==

Members of the Seljuk Dynasty often used titles to signify claim and authority. They were also awarded some titles by their subjects and the ulema due to their efforts for public and religious welfare. Here is a list of titles used by/awarded to them.End of Great Seljuk Imperial Authority.{{collapsible list ==Comparative genealogy==

} • The list of important historical events • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • Chaghri Beg defeated Shah-Malik ibn Ali in Makran in 1042 and ended Ghaznevid rule in Khwarazm • . • . • Establishment • . • Alp Arslan defeated Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes in the Battle of Malazgirt in 1071 • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • The First Crusade • Crusade of 1101 • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • Second Crusade • . • . • . • ʿIzz ad-Dīn Kilij Arslān defeated Manuel I Komnenos in the Battle of Myriokephalon • . • Third Crusade • . • Ala ad-Din Tekish-Khwarazmshah ended The Great Seljuk Empire in Ray, Khorasan in 1194 • . • Zenith of Anatolian Seljuks • . • Kayqubad the Great defeated Jalal al-Din Mangburni in the Battle of Yassıçimen in 1230 • . • Chormaqan defeated Mangubartī in the Battle of Indus on August 1231 and ended Khwarazmshahs • . • Babai Revolt • . • Baiju Noyan defeated Kay Khusraw II in the Battle of Kösedağ in 1243 and Anatolian Seljuks became a vassal state of Mongol Empire • . • Güyük designated Kilij Arslan IV the Sultan of Rum in 1248 • Triple reign (1249–1254) • Hulagu captured Alamut in 1256 • Anatolian Seljuks were divided into two by a firman of Möngke Khan in 1258/1259 • . • Ilkhanate gained independence from the Mongol Empire in 1295 after the demise of Kublai Khan on February 18, 1294 • . • Ottoman State emerged in Söğüt, Bilecik in 1299 • . • Disestablishment period of • The Anatolian Seljuks • . • Ilkhanate disintegrated after 1336 ==Gallery==

File:Chess Set MET DP170393.jpg|Shatranj chess set, glazed fritware, 12th-century Iran. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. File:Eskişehir Archaeological Museum 1270.jpg|Seljuk sarcophagus at the Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum ==Family tree==