January–March •
January 12 –
Gustav I of Sweden is crowned king of
Sweden, having already reigned since his election in June
1523. •
January 26 – The
Canton of Bern becomes the second in
Switzerland to officially adopt Protestantism after 21-day debate, the
Bern Disputation •
February 29 –
John Zápolya, ruler of the remaining eastern portion of
Hungary after its the acquisition of the western section by the Habsburg Austrians, joins in an alliance with the Sultan
Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Turks, receiving protection and autonomy in return for allowing Turkish occupation of his
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. •
February • Peasant uprising in
Dalarna, Sweden: The rebel campaign fails, and the rebel leader, later known as
Daljunkern, flees to
Rostock. •
Diego García de Moguer explores the
Sierra de la Plata along the
Río de la Plata, and begins to travel up the
Paraná River. •
March 20 – The
Battle of Szina is fought in the Kingdom of Hungary between the two rival kings,
John Zápolya of Eastern Hungary and
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, the Habsburg King of Western Hungary. Zapolya and his 15,000-man army are defeated by mercenaries hired by the Habsburgs. •
March 22 –
Siege of the southern Italian city of
Melfi is started by the French Army, under the command of Marshal
Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec. After killing the defenders and pulling down the city walls, the French troops plunder what remains and massacre more than 3,000 men, women and children.
April–June •
April 28 –
Battle of Capo d'Orso: The
French fleet, under mercenary captain
Filippino Doria, crushes the
Spanish squadron trying to run the blockade of Naples. •
May 9 –
King James V of Scotland, 16, held captive for more than two years under the guardianship of the
Earl of Angus, is able to escape from
Edinburgh to
Stirling after several failed rescue attempts. •
June 5 – The fourth major outbreak of the
sweating sickness is noted for the first time, with a reference in a letter to Bishop Tunstall of London from someone who has fled his home because a servant at his house has become infected with the disease, with sweating soon followed by death. •
June 17 – The Italian city of
Rimini and its surrounding area, ruled by the
House of Malatesta, is conquered by troops of the
Papal States and subsequently annexed.
July–September •
July 3 –
Pope Clement VII issues the bull
Religionis zelus, recognizing the
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (
Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum), commonly known as the Capuchin monks, as a reformist branch of the
Franciscans order of Roman Catholicism. •
July 8 – After surviving a mutiny of his crew and the death of 18 of his men in an ambush in what is now
Argentina, Italian Venetian explorer
Sebastian Cabot dispatches his flagship,
Trinidad, back to Spain with reports and evidence against the mutineers, and a request for further military aid. •
August 4 – The "Peace of St. Ambrose" is signed in
Milan at the
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, bringing an end to the civil strife between the Milanese nobility and the local merchants. •
August 26 –
Askia Muhammad I, ruler of the
Songhai Empire in West Africa since 1493, is forced to abdicate by his son,
Askia Musa, who declares himself to be the new Songhai Emperor. •
August 29 – The
Siege of Naples, at the time a part of the Holy Roman Empire, fails four months after it was launched by troops from France, led by
Odet de Foix, who had died of illness on August 15. The Imperial, Spanish and Genoese armies pursue their French attackers, who were attempting to retreat to the nearby city of
Aversa, and eliminate the survivors. •
September 3 – The
Kyōroku era begins in
Japan, with the last day of the
Daiei era ending on Daiei 8, 20th day of the 8th month. •
September 12 – Italian Admiral
Andrea Doria defeats his former allies, the
French, and establishes the independence of
Genoa. •
September 19 –
War of the League of Cognac: The Italian city of
Pavia is besieged for the fifth and last time during the decade, after having been attacked in 1522, 1524, 1527, and in May of 1528. Troops from a coalition of the Venetian Republic, the Kingdom of France and the Duchy of Milan break through the city walls after six days of bombardment, kill 700 of the defenders, and recover the city for
Francesco II Sforza, Duke of Milan.
October–December •
October 3 –
Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón arrives in the
Maluku Islands. •
October 13 – Cardinal
Thomas Wolsey founds a college in his birthplace of
Ipswich, England, which becomes the modern-day
Ipswich School (incorporating institutions in the town dating back to
1299). •
October 20 – The
Treaty of Gorinchem is signed between
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and
Charles, Duke of Guelders. •
November 6 – Spanish conquistador
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions become the first known Europeans to set foot on the shores of what is present-day
Texas, when they and 80 survivors are wrecked on
Galveston Island following a storm. Only 15 live beyond winter, and they are eventually enslaved by various Indian tribes. Eventually, only four of the 81 Spanish survivors— Cabeza de Vaca,
Andrés Dorantes de Carranza,
Alonso del Castillo Maldonado, and an African slave of Dorantes,
Estevanico— are able to escape and return home. •
December 9 – A new, three-member executive junta is appointed by the King of Spain to govern
New Spain and the
West Indies, with
Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán,
Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, and
Diego Delgadillo forming the first
Audiencia Real. Beltran de Guzmán, Ortiz and Delgadillo succeed the two viceroys,
Alonso de Estrada and
Luis de la Torre. Beltran de Guzmán is designated as the President of the Audiencia.
Date unknown •
Montenegro gains autonomy under
Ottoman power. •
Spanish Conquistador
Francisco de Montejo attempts an invasion of the
Yucatán, but is driven out by the
Maya peoples. •
Spain takes direct control of
Acapulco. •
Bubonic plague breaks out in England. •
St George's Chapel in
Windsor Castle is completed. •
Chateau Fontainebleau in France is begun. •
Michelangelo Buonarroti begins work on the fortifications of
Florence. •
Baldassare Castiglione publishes
The Book of the Courtier. • In
Henan province,
China, during the mid
Ming dynasty, a vast
drought deprives the region of harvests for the next two years, killing off half the people in some communities, due to
starvation and
cannibalism. •
Perak Sultanate and
Johor Sultanate were established, both states being ruled by the sons of
Mahmud Shah of Malacca. == Births ==