Franconian Old Frankish evolved to Old Dutch between 500 and 800 AD. Around 1200 AD Old Dutch evolved to Middle Dutch. Around the 16th century, Modern Dutch evolved out of Middle Dutch.
Frankish • aguantar= to
endure, bear,
resist: from
Italian agguantare "to retain, take hold of" (originally "to
detain with
gauntlets"), from
a- +
guanto "
gauntlet", from Frankish (*)
want (see
guante below) +
verbal
suffix -are (suffix changed to -ar in Spanish). • alojar= to lodge, to house, to provide
hospitality: from
Catalan allotjar, from
llotja from
Old French loge, see
lonja below. • borde=
border,
edge: from
Old French bord "side of a ship, border, edge", from
Frankish (*)
bord "
table", from Germanic (*)
burd-. • bordar= to
embroider: from Frankish (*)
bruzdon (source of
Old French brouder, brosder and
French broder), from Germanic (*)
bruzd- "point,
needle", from the
IE root (*)
bhrs-dh-, from (*)
bhrs-, from (*)
bhar-, "point, nail." • bosque=
forest, woods: from
Catalan of
Provençal of
Old French bosc, from Germanic (*)
busk- "brush,
underbrush, thicket" (source of
Old High German busc). • bosquejo= a
sketch, outline,
rough draft: from Spanish
bosquejar "to sketch, to outline", probably from
Catalan bosquejar from
bosc, see
bosque above. • destacar= to
detach troops: from
French détachar (influenced by Spanish
atacar), from
Old French destachier "to unattach", from
des- "apart, away" +
atachier, a variation of
estachier, from
estaca, from Frankish
stakka, see
estaca below in Germanic section. • destacar= to stand out, to
emphasize: from
Italian staccare "to separate", from
Old French destacher, destachier, see
destacar above. • estandarte= a
military standard: from
Old French estandart, probably from Frankish (*)
standhard "standard that marks a meeting place", (implicit sense: "that which stands firmly"), from (*)
standan "to stand", (from Germanic (*)
standan, from the
IE root (*)
sta- "to stand") + (*)
hard "hard, firm", see
ardid below in Germanic section. • guante=
glove,
gauntlet: from
Catalan guant "gauntlet", from Frankish (*)
want "gauntlet." • lonja=
market, building where
merchants and sellers gather: from regional
Catalan llonja (Modern Catalan
llotja), from
Old Frenchlogo "dwelling, shelter", from Frankish (*)
laubja "covering,
enclosure", from Germanic (*)
laubja "shelter" (implicit sense "roof made of
bark"), from the
IE root (*)
leup- "to peel." • oboe= an
oboe: from
French hautbois from
haut (from
Frankish *
hauh "high" and
Latin altus "high") +
bois "wood", see
bosque above. • ranchear, rancho= ranch, From French
ranger, from Old French
ranc, from Frankish
*hring' or some other Germanic source (Old High German hring "circle, ring"), from Proto-Germanic *khrengaz "circle, ring". Shares the root with
rank.
Old Dutch Middle Dutch • amarrar= to
moor a boat, to
tie, to fasten: from
French amarrer, "to moor", from Middle Dutch
aanmarren "to fasten", from
aan "on" (from Germanic (*)
ana, (*)
anō, from the
IE root (*)
an-) +
marren "to fasten, to moor a boat." See Modern Dutch
aanmeren. • baluarte=
bulwark: from
Old French boloart "bulwark,
rampart,
terreplein converted to a
boulevard", from
Middle Dutch bolwerc "rampart". See Modern Dutch
bolwerk. • bulevar: from French
boulevard, from Middle Dutch:
bolwerc "rampart". See Modern Dutch
bolwerk. • maniquí= a
mannequin, dummy,
puppet: from
French mannequin, from (probably via
Catalan maniquí)
Dutch, from Middle Dutch
mannekijn "little man", from
man "a man" (see
alemán below in Germanic section) + the
diminutive suffix -ken, -kin, -kijn, from
West Germanic (*)
-kin (cf.
Modern German -chen) See Modern Dutch
manneken (Belgium). • rumbo=
direction,
course, route, pomp, ostentation: from
Old Spanish rumbo "each of the 32 points on a
compass", from
Middle Dutch rume "
space, place,
rhumb line, storeroom of a ship", from Germanic
rūmaz "space, place", from the
IE root (*)
reu- "space, to open". See Modern Dutch
ruim.
Modern Dutch . • babor=
port side of a ship: from
French babord "portside", from Dutch
bakboord "left side of a ship", literally "back side of a ship" (from the fact that most ships were
steered from the
starboard side), from
bak "back, behind", (from Germanic (*)
bakam) + boord "
board, side of a ship", see
borde below (in Germanic section). Also see
estribor' "
starboard" below in the Germanic section • berbiquí=
carpenter's
brace: from regional
French veberquin (French
vilebrequin), from Dutch
wimmelken, from
wimmel "
auger,
drill, carpenter's brace" +
-ken, a
diminutive suffix, see
maniquí below in Middle Dutch section.
Anglo-Frisian Old English • arlequín=
harlequin: from
Italian arlecchino, from
Old French Herlequin "
mythic chief of a
tribe", probably from
Middle English Herle king, from Old English
Herla cyning, Herla Kyning literally
King Herla, a king of
Germanic mythology identified with
Odin/Woden.
Cyning "
king" is from Germanic (*)
kunjan "family" (hence, by extension
royal family), from the
IE root (*)
gen- "to birth,
regenerate". • bote= a small, uncovered boat: from
Old French bot, from
Middle English bot, boot, from
Old English bāt, from Germanic (*)
bait-, from the
IE root (*)
bheid- "to split". • este= east: from
French est, from
Middle English est, from Old English
ēast, from Germanic (*)
aust-, from the
IE root (*)
awes-, aus "to shine". • norte= north: from
Old French nord, from
Old English north, from Germanic (*)
north-, from the
IE root (*)
nr-to "north", from (*)
nr- "
wiktionary:under, to the left" • oeste= west: from
Middle English west, from
Old English west, from Germanic (*)
west-, from (*)
wes-to-, from (*)
wes-, from (*)
wespero- "evening,
dusk". • sud-= south (combining form): from
Old French sud "south", from
Old English sūth, from Germanic (*)
sunthaz, from the
IE root (*)
sun-,
swen-, variants of (*)
sāwel- "
sun". • sur= south: from
French sud, from
Old English sūth, see
sud- above.
Middle English Modern English • bar • básquetbol=
basketball • béisbol=
baseball: from
Modern English, from
base (from
Old French base, from
Latin basis "base,
pedestal", from
Ancient Greek βασις
basis, from βαινειν
bainein "to go, to come", from the
IE root) +
ball from
Middle English bal, (from either
Old Norse böllr OR
Old English (*)
beall) both from Germanic (*)
ball-, from the
IE root (*)
bhel- "to
swell". • bit • boxear= to
box: from
Modern English, from Middle English
box. • byte • chatear=
chat (on the Internet) • cheque=
cheque/check • chequeo= checkup • choque= shock • clic=
click (on a mouse) • cliquear= to click (mouse) • club • dólar • cómic=
comic, ultimately Greek borrowing (adj.) • escáner= scanner • escanear= to scan • eslógan=
slogan • estándar= standard • esmoquin= tuxedo, from
smoking • fax • flash • fútbol= football • gay= English, from French • glamoroso= glamorous • hall • hockey • interfaz= interface • internet • jersey= (pullover, sweater) • líder=
leader • link =(as in the Internet) •
marketing • mitin= meeting • módem=
modem • mouse (device) • náilon=
nylon • píxel=
pixel • pudin=
pudding •
ranking/ranquin • rock = (as in music) • rosbif =
roast beef • sandwich • sexy/sexi • shampú or champú "
shampoo" • shock • software • startup • show • examen "test" •
telemarketing,
know-how • turista=
tourist • vagón=
wagon • voleibol =
volleyball • yanqui=
yankee • yate=
yacht Low German Old Low German Middle Low German Modern Low German High German Old High German • banca=
bench: see
banco= bench below • banco=
bench: from Old High German
banc "bench, board" • banco=
bank: from
French banque "bank", from
Italian banca "
bench, money changer's table", from Old High German
banc, see
banco= bench above • banqueta= backless
bench,
stool,
sidewalk (
Mexico):
diminutive of banca, see
banca above.
Middle High German Modern High German North-Germanic Old Norse • bistec=
steak, beefsteak: from
English beefsteak, from
beef (ultimately from
Latin bōs, bovis "
cow", from the
IE root (*)
gwou- "ox, bull, cow") +
steak, from
Middle English steyke, from Old Norse
steik "piece of
meat cooked on a
spit", from Germanic (*)
stik-, see
estaca below in the Germanic section.
Other Langobardic • palco= a
balcony, balcony of a
theater: from
Italian palco, from Langobardic
palko "
scaffolding", from Germanic (*)
balkōn "
beam,
crossbeam", see
balcón below in Germanic section.
Visigothic • agasajar= to flatter: from agasajo (see
agasajo below) + the
verbal
suffix -ar • agasajo=
entertainment, kind reception, friendliness, flattery: from
a- +
Old Spanish gasajo "reception" from Visigothic
gasalja "companion,
comrade", from
ga- with, together (from the
IE root (*)
kom) +
sal- "
room,
lodging" (see
sala below in the Germanic section). • guardia= guard,
bodyguard, protection: from Visigothic
wardja "a guard", from Germanic
wardaz, from the
IE root (*)
wor-to-, see
guardar below in Germanic section. • guardián=
guardian: from Visigothic
wardjan accusative of
wardja, see
guardia above. • atacar= to attack:
Old Italian attaccare "to fasten, join, unite, attack (implicit sense: to join in a battle)", changed from (*)
estacar (by influence of
a-, common
verbal
prefix) "to fasten, join", from Visigothic
stakka "a stick, stake", from Germanic (*)
stak-, see
estaca in Germanic section.
Germanic of unidentified origin • abanderado=
standard-bearer, also standard-bearing (
adjective): from
a- +
bandera, (see
bandera below) + -ado, from
Latin -atus,
noun suffix derived the
adjective suffix -
atus. • abandonar= to abandon: from
Old French a bandon, from
a +
bandon "control" from
ban "
proclamation,
jurisdiction,
power", from Germanic (*)
banwan, (*)
bannan "to proclaim, speak publicly". • abordar= to board a ship, to approach, to undertake: from
a- +
bordo "side of a ship", variation of
borde, see
borde below • abotonar: to
button: from
a- +
botón "button", see
botón below • abrasar= to
burn, to parch: from
a- + brasa "a coal, ember" (see
brasa below) + the
verbal
suffix -ar • aguardar= to wait, wait for: from
a- + guardar, see
guardar below. • alemán= of
Germany (
adjective), the
German language: from
Late Latin Alemanni, an ancient
Germanic tribe, from Germanic (*)
alamanniz (represented in
Gothic alamans), from
ala- "all" +
mannis,
plural of
manna-/
mannaz "man" (Gothic
manna) from the
IE root (*)
man- "man". • ardid= trick, scheme, ruse: from
Old Spanish ardid "
risky undertaking in war", from
Catalan ardit (
noun) "risky undertaking,
strategy", from
ardit (
adjective) "daring,
bold", from a Germanic source represented in
Old High German harti "daring, bold" and
hart "
hard", both from the
IE root (*)
kor-tu-. • arenque=
herring: possibly via
French hareng, from Germanic (compare
Old High German hārinc). • arpa= a
harp: from
French:
harpe, from Germanic (*)
harpōn-. • arrimar= to approach: possibly from
Old French arrimer, arimer "to
arrange the
cargo in the storeroom of a ship", from Germanic (*)
rūmaz "
room" • atrapar= to
trap, to
ensnare: from
French attraper, from
Old French a- +
trape "trap", from Germanic (*)
trep- (seen in the
Old English træppe) from the
IE root (*)
dreb-, from (*)
der- "to run." • bala= a
bullet:
Italian balla/palla, from Germanic (*)
ball-, see
béisbol above in Old English section. • balcón== a
balcony: from
Italian balcone, from
Old Italian balcone "
scaffold", from Germanic (*)
balkōn "beam, crossbeam", from the
IE root (*)
bhelg- "beam, board, plank." • balón= a large
ball: from
Italian ballone, pallone, balla (see
bala above) +
-one, an augmentive
suffix, related to and possibly the source of Spanish
-ón (in balón). see
here. • banda=
ribbon, band,
sash: from
Old French bande "
knot, fastening", from Germanic '*band-', from the
IE root (*)
bhondh-, from (*)
bhendh-. • banda=
band,
troop,
musical group: from Germanic '*bandwa-', "
standard, signal", also "group" (from the use of a
military standard by some groups), from the
IE root (*)
bha- "to shine" (implicit sense "signal that shines"). • bandera=
banner: from
Vulgar Latin (*)
bandaria "banner", from
Late Latin bandum "standard", from Germanic (*)
bandwa, see
banda= group below • bandido=
bandit,
gangster: from
Italian bandito "bandit", from
bandire "to band together", from Germanic '*
banwan, see abandonar' above • banquete= a
banquet: rom
Old French banquet,
diminutive of
banc "
bench, long seat", of Germanic origin, of the same family as the
Old High German banc, see
banco= bench above in Old High German section. • bisonte==
Bison bison: from
Latin bisontem (
accusative of
bison) "
wisent (
Bison bonasus)", from Germanic (*)
wisand-, wisunt- (
Old High German wisant, wisunt). • blanco= white,
white person, blank: from
Vulgar Latin (*)
blancus, from Germanic (*)
blank- "to shine", from the
IE root. • bloque= a block, a
bloc: from
French bloc, from
Middle Dutch blok "
trunk of a tree", from a Germanic source represented in the
Old High German bloh. • bohemio= a
bohemian, of
Bohemia,
vagabond,
eccentric,
Gitano,
Gypsy: from
bohemio/Bohemia (from the belief that the
Gitanos came from Bohemia), from
Latin bohemus, from Boihaemum, literally "place of the Boi/
Boii (from
Celtic, see
bohemio here) +
Latin -haemum "home", from Germanic (*)
haima "home", from the
IE root (*)
koi-mo-, from (*)
koi-, variant of (*)
kei- "
bed,
couch; beloved, dear". • bota= a
boot: from or simply from the same source as
French botte "boot", from
Old French bote "boot", probably from the same source as
Modern French pied bot "
deformed foot" in which
bot is from Germanic (*)
būtaz, from the
IE root (*)
bhau- "to strike", see
botar below. • botar= to throw, to bounce, to jump: from
Old French boter, bouter "to open, to hit, to
strike, to
perforate", from
Romance bottare "to strike, to push, to shove", from Germanic (*) buttan "to hit, to strike" from the
IE root (*)
bhau-. • bote+ a
bounce: see
botar above • botón=
button: from
Old French boton, bouton "button", from
boter, bouter "to open,
perforate", see
botar above • boya= a
buoy: probably from
Old French boie, from Germanic, possibly from
Old High German bouhhan, from Germanic (*)
baukna- "signal", from the
IE root (*)
bha- "to shine". • brasa= a
coal, ember: from
Old French brese "a coal" (
Modern French braise), probably from Germanic (*)
bres-, (*)bhres-, from the
IE root (*)
bhreu-. • dibujar= to
draw,
represent with lines: older Spanish meanings include "to represent, to
paint, to
sculpt, to do
wood carving", probably from
Old French deboissier "to sculpt in wood", from
de- +
bois "wood", from Germanic (*)
busk-, see
bosque above. • estaca= a stake: from Germanic (*)
stak-, from the
IE root (*)
steg- "
pale, post pointed stick". • estribor=
starboard side of a ship: from
Old French estribord "starboard", (
Modern French tribord), from a Germanic source (confer
Old English stēorbord). From Germanic (*)
stiurjō "to
steer", + Germanic (*)'
burd-, see
borde above • grupo=
group: rom
Italian gruppo, from a Germanic word represented by
Old High German kropf "
beak." • guardar= to guard, watch over, keep, observe (a
custom): from Germanic (*)
wardōn "to look after, take care of", from the
IE root (*)
wor-to-, "to watch", from (*)
wor-, (*)
wer- "to
see, watch,
perceive". • sala= a
room: from Germanic
sal- "room, house", from the
IE root (*)
sol- "
hamlet, human settlement." • salón= main room of a house (see
sala above) +
-on, augmentive
suffix. • trampa= a trap: possibly from Germanic, from the same derivation as
trampolín (see below) and
atrapar (see above). • trampolín= a
trampoline: from
Italian trampolino "
trampoline" (implicit sense:
game of
agility on
stilts), from
trampoli,
plural of a Germanic word (*)
tramp- (such as
German trampeln and
Old High German trampen, both meaning "to tread, trample"), from the
IE root (*)
dreb-, from (*)
der- "to run." • vanguardia= vanguard: from
Old Spanish avanguardia, from
Catalan avantguarda from
avant "before, advance", (from
Latin ab- +
ante "before") +
guarda "guard", from Germanic
wardaz, see
guardia above in Visigothic section.
Latin words of Germanic origin • bisonte (from L
bisont-,
bison from Gmc, akin to OHG
wisant, aurochs) • filtro; filtrar= "filter; to filter" from ML
filtrum felt from Gmc, akin to OE
felt, felt • jabon= "soap" from Latin
sapon-, sapo, soap from Gmc == Names ==