Super Mario series Mario is the protagonist of the
Super Mario series. Each game varies in its plot, but most of them have the ultimate goal of Mario rescuing Princess Peach after being kidnapped by Bowser. Mario explores a variety of locations, titled "worlds", and along the way, he can collect items and defeat enemies. Most levels have an end goal, such as stars or flagpoles, that he needs to reach to move on to the next. The series is divided into two general sets of games: the 2D
side-scrolling Super Mario games and the 3D
open world Super Mario games.
2D games The
Super Mario series had Mario starring in
platform games, beginning with
Super Mario Bros. on the
Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1985. In these games, Mario traverses worlds that contain a set number of levels for Mario to complete. In them, he traverses them from moving left to right, the screen scrolling in the direction he moves. Mario has the goal of reaching the end of the level to move onto the next, typically marked with a flagpole. These games are less focused on plot and more on platforming; most commonly, Bowser kidnaps Peach, and Mario, with the help of Luigi and other characters, sets out to rescue her. Most worlds have mini
boss battles, which typically involve fighting
Bowser Jr. or one of several
Koopalings. The final level is a fight against Bowser. Certain other gameplay concepts were cut as well, such as how Mario could fly in a rocket ship and fire bullets. Originally designed with a small Mario in mind with the intention of increasing his size further in development, the developers implemented the feature of his size changes via power-ups as they considered it a fun addition. The concept was influenced by
Japanese folktales. One of the changes included the retexturing of the four main playable characters of
Doki Doki Panic, and since they varied in height, this was the first instance where Mario was noticeably shorter than Luigi.
Super Mario Bros. 3 experimented with Mario's looks with different power-ups that represented different creatures. An example included the raccoon tail, which was chosen over a power-up that represented a
centaur. The game's success led to an animated television series,
The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3, with Mario being portrayed by Walker Boone.
Hiroshi Yamauchi wanted a launch game for the
Game Boy that featured Mario, as he believed in the statement "fun games sold consoles".
Super Mario World was the first video game to feature Yoshi as a companion to Mario. Miyamoto had always wanted a dinosaur-like companion, ever since the original
Super Mario Bros., but the concept was never achievable due to limited hardware. Since
Super Mario World took place in a land of dinosaurs, Takashi Tezuka requested
Shigefumi Hino to draw a character based on Miyamoto's concepts and sketches, which he drew during the development of
Super Mario Bros. 3.
Super Mario World was released during a
console war between Nintendo and
Sega; Sega's mascot,
Sonic the Hedgehog, was considered a "cooler" alternative to Mario, to which Miyamoto apologized for. The plot for
Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins has Mario pursue something for his own benefit rather than for someone else, his goal trying to reclaim ownership of his island, Mario Land, from
Wario. The game was developed by
Nintendo Research & Development 1 (R&D1). The company was unmotivated by the
Super Mario series, and when they were tasked with creating a
Super Mario game without Miyamoto, they created Wario to emphasize the frustration of working with a character they did not make. The name "Wario" is
word play of "Mario" and "Warui", the latter meaning "bad" in Japanese to mean "bad Mario". The character's models and backgrounds in
New Super Mario Bros. are 3D, but still only allow for left and right movement and are considered
2.5D. With the 2D series of
Super Mario games being absent for 14 years, the previous installment being released in 1992, game mechanics improved drastically. Because the characters were no longer
sprites and the backdrops are not
tile-based, the developers were nearly restrictionless; new game mechanics, such as Mario teetering off of trees and swinging on ropes, were implemented.
New Super Mario Bros. is the first 2D
Super Mario game to have used voice acting, with Charles Martinet voicing Mario and Luigi. It was followed by three games similar to
New Super Mario Bros., namely
New Super Mario Bros. Wii,
New Super Mario Bros. 2, and
New Super Mario Bros. U, the latter of which being the first game to feature Mario in
high-definition graphics (HD). Takashi Tezuka returned as a producer for the development of
Super Mario Bros. Wonder, with Shiro Mouri as director. The game director, Shiro Mouri, said that the game developers aimed to provide a "stress-free" experience to the players by allowing them to move freely through the course. However, when
Yoshiaki Koizumi had to create a 3D model and animation of Mario, he had no frame of reference and struggled with the task. Koizumi stated how the whole concept was "arguably tough", but was overtaken by the enjoyment of innovating in a new field. Mario's movement was among the top priorities in the game's development, with his animation being tested long before the basic layout of the game's locations was in place.
Super Mario 64 is one of the first games voiced by Charles Martinet, and Mario's character model was made with the
N-World toolkit. Mario's movements and animations were inspired by
Arale Norimaki from
Dr. Slump, a Japanese manga series.
Super Mario Sunshine is the first Nintendo game released after
Satoru Iwata became the CEO of Nintendo, succeeding Hiroshi Yamauchi. The game's original concept did not feature Mario, as the developers believed the role was too out of the ordinary for such a character. Later, when they used a generic man for the role instead, they believed having a realistic person alongside a character like Mario would cause "incongruity", and it was ultimately changed to Mario instead. Mario's ally, F.L.U.D.D., was one of ten design options but was chosen because it fit the game's theme, although it was not their visual favorite.
Super Mario Galaxy had Mario exploring a number of spherical planets, which the developers at the time knew simply jumping on enemies would be difficult to perform. They instead took advantage of the
Wii Remote and
Nunchuk having motion controls, and gave Mario a "spin" attack where he knocked over the enemies via spinning. To also balance the game's difficulty, Mario was given fewer
hit points. To create a sense of familiarity for
Super Mario Odyssey, various references to the
Super Mario series were put in the game's environment. For example, Pauline was chosen to be a major aspect of the "Metro Kingdom" due to the kingdom representing the core of the game. Mario was also given a variety of costumes to represent other smaller games, such as the ''
Mario's Picross'' series. The development team found the most fun way to use the
Joy-Con controllers' motion controls was to throw a hat, and the gameplay was centered around Mario throwing his cap.
Other Super Mario games A variety of
Super Mario games star Mario that do not have typical 2D or 3D platforming. The
Super Mario 3D series has 3D gameplay, but the stages are linear and do not allow open-world movement.
Super Mario Maker is a series of
level editors where the player can create their own 2D
Super Mario levels and play each other's levels.
Super Mario Run is a 2D platforming
mobile game with other unnatural gameplay aspects. The main aspect of
Super Mario 3D Land was bridging the aspects of 2D and 3D
Super Mario games. One of the issues brought up was how Mario looked too small in comparison to the large terrain and the small, portable screen of the
Nintendo 3DS, so the
camera system needed to be fixed to one position in certain occasions. The game brought with it the "Tanooki Tail" power-up, which was originally introduced in
Super Mario Bros. 3, and its existence was teased by the developers to the fans prior to its official announcement. Concepts for Mario, which included a skater outfit and a power-up that makes Mario grow large, were cut; the latter appeared in its sequel as the Mega Mushroom.
Super Mario 3D World on the
Wii U includes the "Cat Mario" power-up, which was implemented to help newcomers play the game and add new gameplay features such as climbing up walls. Another power-up is the "Double Cherry", which was added accidentally; one of the developers added a second Mario into the game in error, and found it humorous when both Marios were somehow controllable at the same time. In 2020, also as part of the
Super Mario Bros. 35th anniversary, Nintendo re-released
Super Mario 3D World on the Switch with a companion game, ''
Bowser's Fury''.
Other Mario games Super Mario has the most prominent use of Mario, and he is in various spinoff series that split into numerous games covering various genres. This includes genres such as
role-playing games (RPGs),
puzzle games,
sports games, and even
educational games in the 1990s.
RPGs Mario has been the protagonist of various
role-playing video games (RPGs), beginning with
Square's
Super Mario RPG on the
Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). According to Yoshio Hongo of Nintendo, the game came out of Shigeru Miyamoto's desire to develop a
Mario role-playing game while Square wanted a role-playing video game that sold well overseas. The game was notable at the time for having a unique blend of action and role-playing game elements, and was a critical and commercial success, and led to two other spinoff RPG series starring the character,
Paper Mario and
Mario & Luigi. A sequel to
Super Mario RPG was planned for the
Nintendo 64. The original developer, Square, had signed a deal with
Sony to release
Final Fantasy VII for the
PlayStation, so Nintendo passed on development responsibilities to
Intelligent Systems. The new art designer, Naohiko Aoyama, changed every character to two-dimensional to bring out "cuter" graphics compared to low-polygon three-dimensional graphics on the console. In the
Paper Mario series, Mario is often aided by numerous allies who progress the story while Mario remains silent. Unlike
Paper Mario, both Mario and Luigi have voices in the
Mario & Luigi series. According to the developers, previous games use
character sprites so the developers were generally inexperienced and did not know much about hardware at the time. Once the
Nintendo 3DS was released, the developers had the chance to switch to 3-dimensional graphics. They changed the background and world design but kept the characters as 2D renderings of 3D characters because they believed it made it easier to convey comedic expressions. In 2013, they believed Mario took too much of the spotlight in the
Mario franchise, and they made Luigi the more story-focused character in
Mario & Luigi: Dream Team.
Sports games Nintendo has released a variety of sports games featuring
Super Mario properties, which include
tennis,
golf,
baseball,
soccer,
kart racing, and other miscellaneous. In the 1984 video game
Golf, although one of the two playable characters looks similar to that of him, wearing red clothes and black pants, he is never directly referred to be Mario; In 1997, his look was changed in the re-release of the
Famicom Disk System to that more like the character, and Nintendo later confirmed the character was Mario in a guide book of the game in 1991, marking his first sports video game appearance. He then directly appeared in
NES Open Tournament Golf in 1991 as one of two playable characters, the other being Luigi, along with a variety of other
Mario characters with supporting roles. The character sprites were designed by
Eiji Aonuma, his first project in graphical art design. This would eventually set the stage for future
Mario Tennis video games. The
Mario Kart series began with
Super Mario Kart for the
Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992; early in development, the game did not have any
Mario-themed elements. A few months into the process, the designers were testing how one character would look at another they had just passed. Similar to the
Mario & Luigi series, he appears as a sprite that turns in 16 different angles.
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games is a crossover series of party and sports games featuring characters from the
Mario franchise and the
Sonic the Hedgehog series. It includes different varieties of sports such as
skateboarding,
fencing,
volleyball,
gymnastics, and many others.
Puzzle games Mario has also starred in a variety of multiple
puzzle games, but sometimes only makes an appearance and is not playable. The first of which to release was
Wrecking Crew, designed by
Yoshio Sakamoto. Surprisingly, in this game, Mario can't jump because of hammer's weight. After which, three main series and a variety of spin-offs were released starring him, including
Dr. Mario,
Mario vs. Donkey Kong, and
Mario Picross. The original game in the
Dr. Mario series, also titled
Dr. Mario, was designed by Takahiro Harada and had Mario assume the role of a doctor instead of a plumber. His appearance and role have generally remained the same; to celebrate his 30th anniversary in the series, an 8-bit rendering of his original appearance was made unlockable in the most recent game,
Dr. Mario World.
Mario vs. Donkey Kong is centered around "Mini Marios",
wind-up toys that resemble Mario. The ''
Mario's Picross series was an attempt by Nintendo to capitalize on the popularity of Mario and the success of puzzle games in Japan at the time. Released in 1995, the game was popular and was followed by two sequels, Mario's Super Picross and Picross 2
, but the first game was only made available to American audiences in 2020. Multiple games were developed by the inexperienced Fantasy Factory, which included the puzzle game Hotel Mario in 1994. Via Animation Magic, Hotel Mario'' had various cutscenes of Mario and Luigi, which borrowed animation elements from
Disney and
J. R. R. Tolkien. Mario was voiced by Marc Graue as the game was released prior to Charles Martinet receiving the role of voicing the character.
Educational games Due to the popularity of the
Super Mario series, various
educational games starring the character were released and appealed to younger audiences. These games had little involvement from Nintendo, with the games releasing for the NES, Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), and
personal computers. The last of the genres to release was
Mario Teaches Typing 2 in 1997, before the production of such games was discontinued. A similar game was released without the help of Miyamoto, ''
Mario's Time Machine, which starred Mario against Bowser instead. Mario's Game Gallery'' has the player competing in various card and board games against Mario. The game was Charles Martinet's first official voice acting role for Mario, one year prior to
Super Mario 64.
Cameos Apart from his platformer and spin-off game appearances, Mario has made guest appearances in other Nintendo games, such as ''
Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! and Tennis
(1984), where Mario is an umpire, in Pac-Man Vs., he is the in-game announcer. Mario appears alongside Pauline in a bonus segment in Pinball (1984). He makes countless cameo appearances in many forms in many games, such as portraits and statues in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, Pilotwings 64, and Stunt Race FX. Mario has a cameo appearance in Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest, despite having next to no presence in the Donkey Kong Country subseries. He can be seen in a crowd along with Luigi in Kirby Super Star''. Outside of Nintendo-produced games, Mario has often appeared in third-party games on Nintendo consoles. Mario appears in
Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes as a figurine alongside Yoshi. and
SSX on Tour. Mario also appeared in
Minecraft as a skin alongside other characters in the series.
Monster Hunter 4 included Mario as one of the free
DLC outfits alongside Luigi. The Wii U version of
Scribblenauts Unlimited features Mario along with other
Super Mario and
The Legend of Zelda characters; they are not present in the 3DS version of the game. In December 2011,
Ubisoft Just Dance 3 included "Mario" as a downloadable dance track, with Mario appearing to dance on-screen. ==In other media==