Artiodactyla Cetaceans Cetacean research • A review of the
Eocene fossil record of cetaceans from
Antarctica is published by Buono
et al. (2019). • Partial skeleton of an
archaeocete is described from the
Paleogene Tongeren Formation (the
Netherlands) by van Vliet
et al. (2019). • New
protocetid fossils, including a nearly complete articulated forelimb providing new information on the locomotion and forelimb evolution of early cetaceans, are described from the upper
Lutetian of
Senegal by Vautrin
et al. (2019). • A study on the evolution of the
ossicles in early cetaceans, as indicated by data from a partially complete ossicular chain of a protocetid specimen collected in Eocene (
Lutetian) phosphate deposits at Kpogamé (
Togo), is published by Mourlam & Orliac (2019). • A study on the anatomy of the olfactory and respiratory
turbinates of
Aegyptocetus tarfa is published online by Peri
et al. (2019). • A study on the
morphology of teeth and
enamel microstructure of two fossil cetaceans from Antarctica (a
basilosaurid from the
La Meseta Formation and a member of the genus
Llanocetus from the Submeseta Formation) is published online by Loch
et al. (2019). • Partly preserved tail vertebra of a basilosaurid is described from the
Eocene Cajaruro Formation (
Peru) by Davydenko, Laime & Gol'din (2019), representing the first record of an Eocene marine mammal from the northwestern Amazon region. • The discovery of over a hundred basilosaurid specimens from the middle to upper Eocene Gehannam and Birket Qaroun formation (
Wadi El Hitan,
Egypt) is reported by Mahdy
et al. (2019), who also compare the anatomy and habitat of
Dorudon atrox and extant
killer whale. • A study on the stomach contents of a new specimen of
Basilosaurus isis from Wadi Al Hitan in
Egypt is published by Voss
et al. (2019). • A study on the variation in feeding behavior of fossil toothed whales with extremely long rostra is published by McCurry & Pyenson (2019). • A study on the evolution of
echolocation of toothed whales, as indicated by the anatomy of a skull of a toothed whale from the
Oligocene Pysht Formation (
Washington, United States) resembling
Olympicetus avitus, is published by Racicot
et al. (2019). • Redescription of the
holotype and referred specimen of
Prosqualodon australis from the
Miocene Gaiman Formation (
Argentina) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Gaetán, Buono & Gaetano (2019). • Isolated teeth resembling tooth taxon
Phococetus vasconum are described from the
Pungo River Formation (
North Carolina, United States) by Boessenecker (2019), who also notes their similarities to the teeth of
Inticetus vertizi, and suggests that
Phococetus may be an
Inticetus-like, large
heterodont toothed whale. • A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of
Phoberodon arctirostris is published by Viglino
et al. (2019). • An isolated tooth of an
Inticetus-like cetacean is described from the Miocene deposits close to the village of Melpignano (
Province of Lecce,
Italy) by Peri
et al. (2019), who also review the geographic distribution of fossils of
Inticetus-like cetaceans. • A skull of a late Miocene
beaked whale belonging or related to the species
Messapicetus longirostris, imaged by means of computed tomography rather than being extracted mechanically from the stone matrix, is described from
Menorca (
Spain) by Bianucci
et al. (2019). • A new beaked whale specimen, with anatomy indicating that it relied primarily on suction feeding, is described from the upper Miocene
Gram Formation (
Denmark) by Ramassamy & Lauridsen (2019). • A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of
Diaphorocetus poucheti is published online by Paolucci
et al. (2019). • A study on dental damage in a set of teeth of
Scaldicetus caretti from the Miocene of
Belgium is published by Lambert & Bianucci (2019), who interpret this damage as evidence indicating that
S. caretti was a
macroraptorial (rather than
suction-feeding) top predator. • A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of
Mystacodon selenensis is published by de Muizon
et al. (2019). • Three
premolar teeth of a member of the genus
Llanocetus reaching an estimated total body length of up to 12 m are described from the
Eocene Submeseta Formation (
Seymour Island,
Antarctica) by Marx
et al. (2019), who interpret these fossils as indicative of at least two independent origins of gigantism in
baleen whale evolutionary history. • A study aiming to explain the disappearance of baleen whales from the fossil record from 23
Ma to 18–17 Ma is published by Marx, Fitzgerald & Fordyce (2019). • New specimen of
Joumocetus shimizui, providing new information on the anatomy of this species, is described from the Miocene
Haraichi Formation (
Japan) by Kimura & Hasegawa (2019). • A study on the age of fossil
gray whale finds from
Florida and
Georgia is published by Garrison
et al. (2019). • Partial forelimb of a
rorqual with several shark bite marks is described from the
Pliocene Burica Formation (
Panama) by Cortés
et al. (2019). • Partial skeleton of a
Pleistocene blue whale with an estimated total body length of 23.4–26.1 m, representing the largest whale fossil reported so far, is described from the
Lago di San Giuliano (
Italy) by Bianucci
et al. (2019), who also estimate body size of a specimen of
Pelocetus from the Middle miocene locality of Mal Paso and two late Miocene
rorquals from the Cerro Los Quesos site (
Pisco Formation,
Peru), and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of evolution of gigantism of baleen whales. • A study on the cetacean-bearing
Miocene Gaiman Formation (
Argentina), and on its implications for inferring which factors affected the distribution and preservation of fossil cetaceans in several localities of the Southwestern
Atlantic Ocean, is published by Cuitiño
et al. (2019). • A study on the diversity and abundance of cetaceans in the area of present-day
Italy through the
Pliocene, as indicated by
chronostratigraphic data from Castell'Arquato Basin (northern
Apennine Mountains), is published by Freschi
et al. (2019). • A study on the oxygen isotope composition of
whale barnacle shells from three
Pleistocene localities along the eastern Pacific coast, and on their implications for the knowledge of the history of whale migrations, is published by Taylor
et al. (2019).
Other artiodactyls Other artiodactyl research • A study on the phylogenetic relationships and timing of the origin of
Cetartiodactyla is published by Zurano
et al. (2019). • A study on the teeth eruption pattern of a wide range of extinct cetartiodactyl families is published by Rodrigues
et al. (2019). • Description of an articulated postcranial skeleton of an
oreodont from the
Oligocene Tehuitzingo Formation, representing the first postcranial skeleton of an oreodont from
Mexico reported so far, is published online by Ferrusquía-Villafranca & Ruiz-González (2019). • New specimen of the fossil
peccary Parachoerus carlesi is described from the Upper
Pleistocene of the
Chaco Province of
Argentina by Gasparini
et al. (2019), representing the most complete fossil material of a member this species reported so far, and providing new information on the
morphology of the species and the environment it lived in. • A study on the paleobiology of the fossil peccary
Platygonus compressus, based on fossils from Bat Cave (
Missouri, United States), is published by Woodruff & Schubert (2019). • A description of the skull anatomy of the fossil
suid Nyanzachoerus jaegeri based on new fossil material and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Reda, Lazagabaster & Haile-Selassie (2019). • New fossil suid specimens, providing new information on the classification and relationships of the
Miocene Suinae from China, are described from the latest Miocene site of Shuitangba (Zhaotong Basin, China) by Hou
et al. (2019). • A study on the diet of
Pliocene suids from the
Australopithecus anamensis site of
Kanapoi and the
Australopithecus afarensis site of
Hadar is published by Lazagabaster (2019). • Description of deer fossils from the Pleistocene localities in
Buenos Aires Province (
Argentina), including the southernmost record of the genus
Morenelaphus and the species
M. lujanensis, is published by Chimento
et al. (2019). • A systematic, macroscopic,
radiographic, and
histologic study of the fossil bones of the
Cretan deer
Candiacervus will be published by Lyras
et al. (2019), who interpret their findings as indicative of the occurrence of a metabolic bone disease in the Cretan deer population, probably caused by habitat degradation. • New fossil material of
Eucladoceros boulei, providing new information on the anatomy of this species, is described from the Shanshenmiaozui site in the
Nihewan Basin (China) by Tong & Zhang (2019). • A study comparing the characteristics of the postcranial skeletons of
Arvernoceros ardei and
Cervus perrieri is published online by Pfeiffer-Deml (2019). • A study on the age and
morphometrics of a partial fossil caribou
antler from
Graham Island (
Canada) is published by Mathewes, Richards & Reimchen (2019). • A study on the
ontogenetic variation of the
antlers of the Yabe's giant deer (
Sinomegaceros yabei) reported from all over
Japan is published by Taruno, Okumura & Ishida (2019). • A study on the pattern of extinction of the
Irish elk, as indicated by radiocarbon data from fossil specimens from western and eastern Europe, is published by Lister & Stuart (2019). • A study testing whether the antlers of the Irish elk could have withstood forces generated during fighting is published by Klinkhamer
et al. (2019). • A
mandible of the
giant muntjac (
Muntiacus gigas, considered by the authors to be synonymous with
M. vuquangensis) is described from the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene deposits in the cave site of Hang Boi (
Vietnam) by Stimpson
et al. (2019). • A study on the diet of the late Pleistocene
Indian muntjacs from
Sumatra, as indicated by data from fossil teeth from cave sites of Lida Ajer, Sibrambang and Jambu, is published by Wirkner & Hertler (2019). • A study on the long- and short-term dietary behavior of the Miocene
moschids Micromeryx flourensianus and
M.? eiselei, as indicated by data from tooth wear, is published by Aiglstorfer & Semprebon (2019). • A revision of putative fossil material of
Lagomeryx reported from the
Miocene locality Ulan Tolgoi (
Loh Formation;
Mongolia) is published by Mennecart
et al. (2019), who reinterpret this material of fossils of a moschid, representing the first Miocene moschid remains from Mongolia. • Description of new specimens of
Sardomeryx oschiriensis from the
Miocene (
Burdigalian) of
Sardinia (
Italy) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Mennecart
et al. (2019). • The first detailed description of the
giraffid species
Schansitherium tafeli is published by Hou
et al. (2019), who compare this taxon with
Samotherium boissieri. • Description of an almost complete skull and a second partial skull of
Bohlinia attic from the late
Miocene of Maragheh (
Iran), as well as a complete upper dentition of a member of this species from
Samos (
Greece), is published by Parizad
et al. (2019). • New skull remains of
Decennatherium rex are described from the late Miocene (
Vallesian) Batallones-4 site (Cerro de los Batallones fossil site complex,
Spain) by Ríos & Morales (2019). • A revision of giraffid fossils from the late Miocene of the Thermopigi site (Greece) is published by Xafis
et al. (2019). • A study on the evolution of
Neogene bovids from central
Myanmar is published by Nishioka
et al. (2019), who also describe new
caprine and
bovine specimens from the upper Miocene to Pliocene part of the Irrawaddy beds. • Description of new fossil material of
Leptobos merlai from the early late
Villafranchian of
Umbria (
Italy), providing new information on the anatomy of this species, is published by Cherin, D'Allestro & Masini (2019). • Description of new fossil remains of spiral horned antelope
Spirocerus wongi from
Nihewan Formation (
Shanxi,
China) and a study on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the genus
Spirocerus is published by Bai
et al. (2019). • New fossil material of the
stem-
caprine species
Olonbulukia tsaidamensis is described from the Wuzhong region of northern
China by Wang
et al. (2019), who also revise fossil stem-caprine taxa from the Wuzhong Fauna and so-called "Qaidam Fauna". • A study on past distribution of the
long-tailed goral and causes of its range shift over time, based on data from fossil specimens from the
Paleolithic sites, is published by Kim
et al. (2019). • New specimen of
Bubalus murrensis, representing the westernmost occurrence of this species, is described from
Médoc (
France) by Koenigswald
et al. (2019). • A study on the paleoecology of Northern Great Plains bisons from the late
Pleistocene and throughout the
Holocene, based on carbon and nitrogen isotope data from bison specimens from 22 archaeological sites across the Northern Great Plains, is published by Davies
et al. (2019). •
Entelodontid teeth are described from the late
Eocene of the Krabi coal mine in southern
Thailand by Ducrocq, Chaimanee & Jaeger (2019), representing the southernmost occurrence of entelodontids in Asia during the
Paleogene reported so far. • An upper
molar of the
anthracothere Sivameryx palaeindicus is described from the early Miocene Kamus Junction site (
Israel) by Grossman
et al. (2019). • A study on the paleoecology of Pleistocene Mediterranean
dwarf hippos is published by Bethune
et al. (2019). • The first directly dated fossil of a member of the genus
Hexaprotodon (an upper right
canine fragment) from the
Narmada Valley of Central
India is described by Jukar
et al. (2019), who also present a tentative extinction chronology of
Hexaprotodon, indicating that this genus survived into the Early
Holocene. • Putative
helohyids Pakkokuhyus and
Progenitohyus are transferred to the family
Dichobunidae by Ducrocq (2019).
Carnivorans Carnivoran research • A study on the morphology of
bony labyrinths of extant and fossil carnivorans, and on its implications for inferring hunting behaviours of extinct carnivorans, is published by Schwab
et al. (2019). • A study assess the usefulness of the scapholunar (one of the
carpal bones) for determining ecology and habitat of carnivorans, based on data from living and extinct carnivorans, is published by Dunn
et al. (2019). • A study on the morphology and functional anatomy of the
thoracolumbar and
sacrocaudal regions of the vertebral column of
Magericyon anceps is published online by Siliceo
et al. (2019). • Carnivoran fossils from the Hoyo Negro pit in the
Sac Actun cave system (
Mexico), initially identified as remains of a
bear belonging to the genus
Tremarctos and a
coyote, a reinterpreted as remains of
Arctotherium wingei and
Protocyon troglodytes by Schubert
et al. (2019), representing the first record of these taxa outside
South America. • Description of fossils of
Nyctereutes donnezani from the early
Pliocene locality of Çalta (
Turkey), and study on the phylogenetic relationships of species belonging to the genus
Nyctereutes, is published by Daguenet & Sen (2019). • Revision of Pleistocene canid fossils from the
Sangiran Dome (
Java,
Indonesia), evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the timing of the arrival of members of the genus
Cuon in Java, is published by Volmer
et al. (2019). • A study on the taxonomy of the
dire wolf, assessing whether fossils from
Mexico and the western coast of the
United States should be assigned to the distinct subspecies
Canis dirus guildayi, is published by Ruiz-Ramoni & Montellano-Ballesteros (2019). • A study on the origin of the current genetic uniqueness of the
Italian wolves, as indicated by data from mitochondrial DNA of the Pleistocene and Holocene
canid specimens from
Italy, is published by Ciucani
et al. (2019). • A study on the age of dog remains from the
Koster Site and Stilwell II site in
Illinois, dated to between 10,190 and 9,630
cal BP, is published by Perri
et al. (2019), who interpret these remains as representing the earliest confirmed evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and the earliest confirmed individual dog burials anywhere in the world. • A study on the history of pre-contact dogs in the North American Arctic, aiming to determine the relationship between dogs from archaeological
Paleo-Inuit and Inuit sites and modern Arctic dog populations, is published by Ameen
et al. (2019). • Remains of
Indarctos punjabiensis are described from the late
Miocene locality of Las Casiones (
Spain) by Abella
et al. (2019), representing the last population of members of the subfamily
Ailuropodinae from the Iberian fossil record, and possibly from Europe. • A study on the
trophic and
ecological niche widths of ancient and modern pandas is published by Han
et al. (2019). • Nuclear genome of an ~5,000-year-old giant panda from Jiangdongshan (
Yunnan, China) is sequenced by Sheng
et al. (2019), who assign this specimen to a genetically distinct extinct population forming the
sister group to all extant populations, and present evidence indicative of
genetic admixture from this extinct population in extant pandas. • A study on functional adaptations in the anatomy of the elbow joint of extant and fossil bears, and on its implications for inferring paleobiology of
Quaternary fossil species of bears, is published by Meloro & de Oliveira (2019). • A study on the evolution of the shape and size of the
basicranium of bears, as indicated by data from extant and extinct taxa, is published by Arnaudo
et al. (2019). • A study on the evolution of bear teeth, and on its implications for inferring the phylogenetic placement of fossil bear taxa, is published by Jiangzuo, Liu & Chen (2019). • A study on the diet of
Agriotherium africanum from the
South African fossil site of
Langebaanweg, as indicated by tooth microwear, is published by Stynder
et al. (2019). • The first fossil of a member of the genus
Agriotherium from
Italy will be described by Bellucci
et al. (2019). • A study on the systematics and paleobiology of bears from the
Dmanisi site (
Georgia), and on their coexistence with early members of the genus
Homo, is published by Medin
et al. (2019). • A study aiming to decipher the various factors influencing the isotopic composition of bones of a potentially omnivorous species like
cave bear, as well examining how likely are the different interpretations of the palaeodiet of the
Romanian cave bears in comparison with the rest of the European cave bears, is published by Bocherens (2019). • A study on the cranial and
mandibular morphology of
Ursus deningeri compared to other bear species, and on its implications for inferring the palaeobiology of this species, is published by van Heteren
et al. (2019). • A study on the tooth-root morphology of
maxillary teeth of living bears, and on its implications for inferring the diet and feeding behaviour of the cave bears, is published by Pérez-Ramos
et al. (2019). • A study on the feedings preferences and timing of extinction of cave bears in Mediterranean Europe based on data from two
Paleolithic cave bear sites in northeastern
Italy (Paina Cave and Trene Cave) is published by Terlato
et al. (2019). • A study on the timing and causes of extinction of cave bears in the
Alps is published by Döppes
et al. (2019). • A study on the
morphometric and
morphotypic variability of upper
incisors of the Middle and Late
Pleistocene cave bears from the
Caucasus and
Ural Mountains is published by Baryshnikov, Gimranov & Kosintsev (2019). • A study on the
morphometrical variability of upper cheek teeth of cave bears from 123 geographical sites of
Pliocene –
Pleistocene ages is published by Baryshnikov & Puzachenko (2019). • A study evaluating how the morphology of teeth of cave bears from the
Scladina Cave (
Belgium) changed over time is published by Charters
et al. (2019). • A study on the feeding habits of cave bears from the Toll Cave in
Catalonia, as indicated by data from tooth microwear and from stable isotopes extracted from bone collagen, is published by Ramírez-Pedraza
et al. (2019). • A study on the feeding habits of cave bears from six Late Pleistocene caves in Catalonia will be published by Ramírez-Pedraza
et al. (2019). • A study on the timing of the occupation of the Schwabenreith Cave (
Austria) by cave bears is published by Spötl
et al. (2019). • A study on the palaeoecology of cave bears from three Late Pleistocene cave bear sites from
Romanian Carpathians, based on stable isotope data from their teeth, is published by Robu
et al. (2019). • A study on population dynamics and
phylogeography of cave bears during the Late Pleistocene, based on data from reconstructed cave bear mitochondrial genomes, is published by Gretzinger
et al. (2019). • A study on the evolutionary history and paleoecology of
brown bears in North-East Siberia, as indicated by mitochondrial DNA and stable isotopic data from
subfossil remains from
Yakutia (
Russia), is published by Rey-Iglesia
et al. (2019). • A study on the morphology and taxonomical status of the Late Pleistocene
steppe brown bear is published by Marciszak
et al. (2019). • A study on the evolutionary history of the
European brown bears in northern
Iberian Peninsula is published by García-Vázquez, Llona & Grandal-d'Anglade (2019), who report evidence indicating that the Pleistocene lineages of the Iberian brown bears were not the direct ancestors of the Holocene ones, and interpret their findings as indicative of the Holocene recolonization of the Iberian Peninsula by brown bears from a cryptic
refugium in continental
Atlantic Europe. • A study on the evolutionary history and changes of range and diet of the European brown bears, as indicated by data from mitochondrial DNA from brown bear remains collected from across Europe and ranging in age between the Late Pleistocene and historical times, is published by • A study on the biomechanical capabilities of the
musteloid species
Leptarctus primus relative to living carnivoran taxa, and on their implications for inferring the paleoecology of this species, is published by Prybyla, Tseng & Flynn (2019). • A revision of the systematics of fossil
hog-nosed skunks from
Argentina will be published by Schiaffini & Juan (2019). • A skull of a large fossil
mustelid showing similarities to both
Oriensictis melina from
Zhoukoudian and
Enhydrictis from
Sardinia is described from the Jinyuan cave (
Liaoning,
China) by Jiangzuo
et al. (2019), who relegate
Oriensictis to the rank of a subgenus of
Enhydrictis. • Fossil remains of a late Pleistocene
European badger are described from Grotta Laceduzza (
Apulia,
Italy) by Mecozzi
et al. (2019), representing the largest sample of this taxon in the European Pleistocene record. • A study aiming to determine occurrence and timing of shifts in skull shape, body size and body shape in the evolutionary history of mustelids is published by Law (2019). • A study on the functional morphology of the teeth of
Cyonasua and
Chapalmalania and on the diet of these taxa, aiming to determine whether these carnivorans may have ecologically overlapped with extinct predatory metatherians from South America, is published by Engelman & Croft (2019). • A study on feeding strategies used by extinct
pinnipeds, as indicated by morphology of their skulls and
mandibles, and on the evolution of
phocid feeding strategies is published by Kienle & Berta (2019). • A study aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the fossil record of pinnipeds from taxonomic, geographical and temporal perspectives is published by Valenzuela-Toro & Pyenson (2019). • A study on the morphological differences between
humeri and
femora of different modern phocid taxa, and on their implications for the utility of these limb bones in diagnosing fossil taxa, is published by Churchill & Uhen (2019). • A study on the bone
histology of
Nanophoca vitulinoides is published by Dewaele
et al. (2019). •
Miocene monk seal teeth are described from the upper
Monterey Formation (
California, United States) by Velez-Juarbe & Valenzuela-Toro (2019), representing the oldest fossil record of
crown phocids from the North Pacific region reported so far. • A study on the impact of changing sea ice conditions on the diet of the Pacific
walrus during the last ~4000 years is published by Clark
et al. (2019). • Description of new dentary material of
Percrocuta carnifex from the
Nagri Formation (
Pakistan), and a study on the occurrence and
stratigraphic position of this species within the
Sivalik Hills and on the phylogenetic relationships of species assigned to the genus
Percrocuta, is published by Ghaffar
et al. (2019). • A study evaluating the ability of the extinct
giant fossa to hunt large lemurs is published by Meador
et al. (2019). • Description of
mongoose fossils from the early Pleistocene fossil locality Cooper 's D in the
Cradle of Humankind (
South Africa) is published by Cohen, O'Regan & Steininger (2019). • A study on the anatomy of the
basicranium of
Dinocrocuta gigantea is published by Xiong (2019). • Two isolated teeth of
hyenas belonging to the genus
Chasmaporthetes are described from the Old Crow Basin (
Yukon,
Canada) by Tseng, Zazula &
Werdelin (2019). • A study on the upper
canine replacement process in sabertooth carnivores belonging to the family
Nimravidae is published by Wysocki (2019), who also compares the juvenile morphologies and upper canine replacement processes in the sabertooth lineages of the families Felidae,
Barbourofelidae and Nimravidae. • A study on the brain anatomy of an early
Miocene felid known from a skull from Ginn Quarry (
Nebraska, United States), representing the oldest known felid specimen in the New World, is published by Lyras, Giannakopoulou &
Werdelin (2019). • A study on a sample of fossils of two species of
Machairodus from the early
Vallesian site of Los Valles de Fuentidueña (
Province of Segovia,
Spain), evaluating their implications for the knowledge of palaeoecology of these species, is published by Fernández-Monescillo, Antón & Salesa (2019). • A study on the anatomy of the neck vertebrae of
Machairodus aphanistus, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the early evolution of adaptations enabling the killing bite of the sabre-toothed cats, is published online by Antón
et al. (2019). • Description of felid fossils recovered from bluffs along the
South Saskatchewan River near
Medicine Hat (
Alberta,
Canada), including the first confirmed occurrence of
Smilodon fatalis in Canada, is published by Reynolds, Seymour & Evans (2019). • A study on
canines of
Smilodon fatalis, aiming to determine whether extreme canine size functioned as a sexually selected signal, is published by O'Brien (2019). • Two specimens of
Smilodon populator with injuries on their skulls are described by Chimento
et al. (2019), who interpret these injuries as most likely caused by upper
canines of another
Smilodon. • A felid
calcaneum is described from the late Pliocene–early Pleistocene Uquía Formation (
Argentina) by Ercoli
et al. (2019), who assign this specimen to the
puma lineage, and interpret it as one of the earliest records of this lineage in America, and of Felidae in South America. •
Tooth enamel strontium isotopic values of a specimen of the
American lion from Cedral (
San Luis Potosí,
Mexico) are determined by Pérez-Crespo
et al. (2019), who also evaluate the implications of their findings for inferring the mobility of the studied specimen. • The first fossil
tiger specimen from the Kyushu area (
Japan) is reported by Hasegawa
et al. (2019).
Chiroptera Chiropteran research • A study on the completeness of the bat fossil record is published by Brown
et al. (2019). • A study on aerodynamic features of
Onychonycteris finneyi is published by Amador,
Simmons & Giannini (2019). • Description of
Pleistocene and
Holocene bat fossils from the Grotta dei Pipistrelli (
Sicily,
Italy) is published by Salari
et al. (2019).
Notoungulates Notoungulate research • A study on variations of
incisor enamel microstructure in
notoungulates and on their evolutionary and ecological significance is published online by Filippo
et al. (2019). • First skeletal remains of
Notostylops murinus recovered from middle
Eocene levels of the Sarmiento Formation (
Argentina) are described by Lorente, Gelfo & López (2019). • New fossil specimen of
Pampahippus secundus is described from the
Eocene Upper Lumbrera Formation (
Argentina) by García-López
et al. (2019). • A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of
Notohippus toxodontoides, as indicated by data from specimens from the Río Bote locality in the early Miocene
Santa Cruz Formation (
Argentina), is published by Del Pino
et al. (2019). • A systematic revision of the genus
Patriarchus and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this genus within the
Interatheriidae is published by Fernández, Fernicola & Cerdeño (2019). • A study on the braincase anatomy in
mesotheriid notoungulates is published by Fernández-Monescillo
et al. (2019). • Partial skeleton of
Plesiotypotherium achirense showing multiple skeletal and dental pathologies is described from the late Miocene locality of Achiri (Bolivian
Altiplano) by Fernández-Monescillo
et al. (2019). • A revision and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the
Friasian and
Mayoan interatheriine interatheriid notoungulates from southern
Argentina and
Chile is published by Vera
et al. (2019). • A systematic re-evaluation of
hegetotheriid notoungulates belonging to the genera
Hegetotherium and
Pachyrukhos is published by Seoane & Cerdeño (2019). • A revision of the fossil material assigned to the genera
Propachyrucos and
Prosotherium is published by Seoane, Cerdeño & Singleton (2019). • Detailed reconstruction of the masticatory muscles of
Paedotherium and
Tremacyllus is presented by Ercoli, Álvarez & Candela (2019), who report the presence of a true
sciuromorph condition
convergent with the condition evolved by rodents. • A study on the anatomy of limbs of the
toxodont Isotemnus is published online by Lorente (2019).
Perissodactyla Perissodactyl research • A study on the anatomy of the skeleton of extant
tapirs and
endemic Eocene European odd-toed ungulates, aiming to determine whether tapirs represent viable analogues for locomotion in
palaeotheres and
lophiodontids, is published online by MacLaren & Nauwelaerts (2019). • A study on the diet and habitat of
Schlosseria magister and
Lophialetes expeditus is published online by Gong
et al. (2019). • A study on the intraspecific variation of the skeletal anatomy in the lophiodontid species
Eolophiodon laboriense is published by Vautrin
et al. (2019). • A study on the morphology of the nares of the
brontotheres Metarhinus and
Sphenocoelus, and on their functional significance, is published by Mader (2019). • A revision of the fossil material of
rhinocerotids from the Miocene (
Agenian) of Wischberg (
Switzerland) is published by Jame
et al. (2019). • A study on the abundance of members of the genera
Aphelops and
Teleoceras from the middle Miocene to the Pliocene of the
Great Plains, and on possible causes of their extinction, is published online by Wang & Secord (2019). • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the Eurasian rhinocerotids of the Pleistocene epoch, based on data from the
proteome from
enamel of a tooth of a member of the genus
Stephanorhinus from the
Dmanisi site (
Georgia), is published by Cappellini
et al. (2019). • A study on the timing of extinction of
Elasmotherium sibiricum will be published by Kosintsev
et al. (2019), who report evidence indicating that this species survived in Eastern Europe and Central Asia until at least 39,000 years ago. • A study on cheek teeth and
mandibular remains of a middle Pleistocene rhinoceros from the Matsugae Cave (
Japan), previously identified as belonging to a member of the genus
Dicerorhinus, is published online by Handa, Kohno & Kudo (2019), who reinterpret this fossil material as belonging to a member of the genus
Stephanorhinus. • A study on efficiency of the different modes of
mastication, changes in the different masticatory paths and probable diets of early members of
Equoidea is published by Engels & Schultz (2019). • A study on the daily and seasonal movements of
equids from two
Miocene fossil sites in northern
Florida, as indicated by data from
strontium isotope ratios in
tooth enamel, will be published by Wallace, Crowley & Miller (2019). • A study on the life history of Miocene
hipparionins, as indicated by teeth
histology, is published by Orlandi-Oliveras, Nacarino-Meneses & Köhler (2019). • Description of new fossil material of hipparions from the Miocene locality Ravin des Zouaves-5 (
Greece), and a study on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of these equids, is published by Koufos & Vlachou (2019). • Limb bones fossils referred to
Hipparion (Hippotherium) chiai are described from the Miocene of the middle reaches of the
Yellow River (
Shaanxi, China) by Li
et al. (2019), who evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the locomotor abilities of
H. chiai and the environment inhabited by members of this species. • Fossils of members of the genus
Eurygnathohippus of uncertain specific assignment are described from the late
Pliocene sediments of the
Potwar Plateau in
Pakistan and the
Siwalik Hills in northwest
India by Jukar
et al. (2019), representing the first occurrence of members of this genus outside Africa reported so far. • Revision and a study on variability of fossils of
Dinohippus mexicanus from the
Hemphillian localities in central
Mexico is published by Carranza-Castañeda (2019). • A review of the evolutionary history of equid locomotor morphology, attempting to explain why the
monodactyly evolved only in the lineage leading to modern equids, is published by
Janis & Bernor (2019). • A study assessing the evidence for different hypotheses explaining how and why monodactyly evolved in equids is published by McHorse, Biewener & Pierce (2019). • A study on the functions of
hypsodonty of the tooth crowns in equids, as indicated by data from extant and fossil equids, is published by Solounias
et al. (2019). • A review of
biochronologic evidence which is the basis of recognizing Land Mammal Ages across different continents, evaluating is implications for the knowledge of the major equid evolutionary events for the last 8 million years, is published by Rook
et al. (2019). • Description of Pleistocene equid fossils from Cooper's D locality (
Cooper's Cave,
South Africa) is published by Badenhorst & Steininger (2019). • A study on DNA extracted from Pleistocene equid fossils from Kunni River bed at Taiping village (
Heilongjiang,
China) is published by Yuan
et al. (2019), who report evidence of presence of
Equus ovodovi in China. • A study on teeth of Pleistocene equids from the Anagni Basin (central
Italy) and on their implications for the knowledge of the niche occupation and resource exploitation mechanisms of these equids is published by Strani
et al. (2019). • A study on the diversity and evolution of members of the genus
Equus in North America, Asia, Europe, and Africa, and on its implications for the knowledge origin and evolution of ancient and living
zebras, is published by Bernor
et al. (2019). • An overview of research advances from the preceding years concerning the
biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the genus
Equus in Europe is published by Boulbes & van Asperen (2019). • A review and a study on the evolutionary history of early members of the genus
Equus from
China is published by Sun & Deng (2019). • A study on the diversity of native South American members of the genus
Equus is published by Machado & Avilla (2019). • A study on the potential range of distribution of South American horses during the transition from the
Last Glacial Maximum to the
Holocene, and on its implications for the knowledge of the causes of the Late Quaternary extinction of South American horses, is published by Villavicencio, Corcoran & Marquet (2019). • A review of the
Neogene fossil record of members of
Equinae from
Mexico is published by Bravo-Cuevas & Jiménez-Hidalgo (2019). • A study on the diversity and paleoecology of late Pleistocene horses from northwestern and central
Oaxaca and central
Chiapas (Mexico) is published by Jiménez-Hidalgo
et al. (2019). • A study on the
metapodial bone
histology of
Equus mosbachensis and
Equus steinheimensis, and on its implications for the knowledge of the life history of these species, is published online by Nacarino-Meneses & Orlandi-Oliveras (2019). • A study on the evolutionary history of domestic horses, based on DNA data from horse
subfossils with ages mostly spanning the last six millennia, is published by Fages
et al. (2019), who present evidence of existence of two extinct horse lineages in Iberia and Siberia during early domestication. • A review of the use of the generic name
Equus within different phylogenetic frameworks and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of derived members of
Equini is published by Barrón-Ortiz
et al. (2019). ==Xenarthrans==