Timeline •
10th century BC • Near East:
Neo-Assyrian Empire • Near East:
Shoshenq I invades
Canaan • Aegean:
Helladic period ends • Sub-Saharan Africa West:
Nok Culture slowly diffuse discernible ceramic sculpting, iron metallurgy and cereal farming cultures through the inland
Niger Delta region, though debatable possible settling period and or foundation of proto
Ile-Ife •
9th century BC •
Chavín culture in Peru •
Egypt:
872 BC: Nile floods the Temple of Luxor • Egypt:
836 BC: Civil war in Egypt • South Asia:
872 BC:
Jainism re-organized by
Parshvanatha • North Africa:
814 BC:
Carthage founded •
China:
841 BC–
828 BC Gonghe Regency •
8th century BC •
727 BC: Egypt:
Kushite invasion (
25th Dynasty) •
771 BC: China:
Spring and Autumn period • Near East:
727 BC: Death of
Tiglath-Pileser III,
Babylonia secedes from
Assyria • Near East:
722 BC:
Sargon II takes
Samaria;
Assyrian captivity of the Israelites. • Greece:
Archaic Greece,
Greek alphabet • Greece:
Homer •
776 BC: Greece: First
Olympiad •
753 BC: Europe:
foundation of Rome •
7th century BC of
Assyria hunting a
Mesopotamian lion, from the Northern Palace in
Nineveh, -635 BC •
671 BC: Assyrian conquest of Egypt • Near East:
631 BC: Death of
Ashurbanipal, decline of the Assyrian Empire •
6th century BC • Egypt:
592 BC:
Psamtik II sacks Napata • Sudan:
Aspelta moves the Kushite capital to
Meroe • Near East:
539 BC:
Achaemenid conquest of Babylon under
Cyrus the Great • South Asia:
Śramaṇa movement and "second urbanisation" • South Asia:
Early Buddhism • Europe:
509 BC:
Roman Republic •
5th century BC • China:
479 BC: death of
Confucius • China:
476 BC:
Warring States period • China:
486 BC:
Grand Canal construction begins • Near East:
Second Temple Judaism, redaction of the
Hebrew Bible • Greece: beginning of the
classical period (
Greece in the 5th century BC). • Greece:
Greco-Persian Wars (
Battle of Marathon,
Battle of Thermopylae) • Greece: 440 BC:
Herodotus'
Histories • Greece:
431 BC:
Peloponnesian War • Oceania:
Austronesian expansion reaches Western Polynesia •
4th century BC • Greece:
395 BC:
Corinthian War • Egypt:
343 BC:
Achaemenid conquest • Greece/Asia/Egypt: 330s BC: conquests of
Alexander the Great, end of the Achaemenid Empire,
Macedonian Empire, beginning of the
Hellenistic period • South Asia:
Mauryan Empire •
3rd century BC • China:
Qin Unified China • China:
206 BC:
Han dynasty • South Asia:
261 BC:
Kalinga war • Rome:
Roman expansion in Italy • Rome/Carthage:
Punic Wars •
264 BC:
First Punic War •
218 BC Second Punic War •
2nd century BC • Rome/Carthage:
149 BC Third Punic War,
Roman province of Africa, the first emperor of the
Roman Empire • Rome/Greece:
146 BC Battle of Corinth, beginning of the
Roman era • South Asia:
185 BC: Fall of the
Maurya Empire • China:
Confucianism became the state ideology of China •
1st century BC • China:
91 BC:
Records of the Grand Historian finished • Rome/Europe: 58–50 BC
Gallic Wars • Rome: 32/30 BC:
Final War of the Roman Republic (
Battle of Actium) • Rome/Egypt: 31 BC: Roman conquest of Egypt • Rome/Europe/West Asia/Africa: 27 BC:
Roman Empire Inventions, discoveries, introductions gold plaque with panther (late 7th century BC) ,
Athens (5th century BC) '' (c. 310 BC), a preserved bronze statue of a Greek athlete in
Contrapposto pose ", an
Olmec era statuette, dated roughly 1400–400 BC facing forward. Bas-relief from the king
Sargon II's palace at Dur Sharrukin in
Assyria (now Khorsabad in Iraq), c. 713–716 BC. From Paul-Émile Botta's excavations in 1843–1844. • 8th century BC •
Greek alphabet, the first alphabet with vowels. • 7th century BC •
Trireme •
Pythagorean theorem •
Monotheism • 5th century BC •
Blast furnace China •
Atomism •
Crossbow •
Archimedes' principle •
Spherical Earth •
Water clock •
Qin built and unified various sections of the
Great Wall of China. • Qin built
Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum guarded by the life-sized
Terracotta Army. • 2nd century BC •
Antikythera mechanism Literature ;Greco-Roman literature Archaic period •
Homer (late 8th or early 7th c.),
Iliad,
Odyssey •
Hesiod (8th to 7th c.),
Theogony and
Works and Days •
Archilochus (7th century), Greek poet •
Sappho, (late 7th to early 6th c.), Greek poet •
Ibycus •
Alcaeus of Mytilene •
Aesop's Fables Classical period •
Aeschylus (c. 525–455 BC), Greek playwright •
Herodotus (484–425 BC),
Histories •
Euripides (c. 480–406 BC), Greek playwright •
Xenophon:
Anabasis,
Cyropaedia •
Aristotle (384–322 BC),
corpus Aristotelicum Hellenistic to Roman period •
Septuagint •
Apollonius of Rhodes:
Argonautica •
Callimachus (310/305-240 B.C.), lyric poet •
Manetho:
Aegyptiaca •
Theocritus, lyric poet •
Euclid:
Elements •
Menander:
Dyskolos •
Theophrastus:
Enquiry into Plants •
Old Latin Livius Andronicus,
Gnaeus Naevius,
Plautus,
Quintus Fabius Pictor,
Lucius Cincius Alimentus • Classical Latin:
Cicero,
Julius Caesar,
Virgil,
Lucretius,
Livy,
Catullus ;Chinese literature •
I Ching (date unknown, between the 10th and 4th centuries BC) •
Classic of Poetry (Shījīng),
Classic of Documents (Shūjīng) (authentic portions),
Classic of Changes (I Ching) •
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chūnqiū) (722–481 BC, chronicles of the state of
Lu) •
Confucius:
Analects (Lúnyǔ) •
Classic of Rites (Lǐjì) •
Commentaries of Zuo (Zuǒzhuàn) •
Laozi (or Lao Tzu):
Tao Te Ching •
Zhuangzi:
Zhuangzi (book) •
Mencius:
Mencius ;Sanskrit literature •
Vedic Sanskrit:
Vedas,
Brahmanas •
Vedanga •
Mukhya Upanishads • Early layers of the
Sanskrit epics (c. 3rd century BC to 4th century AD) ;Hebrew • c. 8th to 7th c.: the
Book of Nahum,
Book of Hosea,
Book of Amos,
Book of Isaiah • c. 6th c.:
Psalms • c. 5th century: redaction of the
Torah • 3rd century:
Ecclesiastes • 2nd century:
Book of Wisdom ;Avestan •
Yasht,
Avesta,
Vendidad ;Other (2nd to 1st century BC) ; •
Pali literature:
Tipitaka • Tamil:
Sangam literature • Aramaic:
Book of Daniel ==Archaeology==