List of state leaders in the 17th century

Africa: Central Angola • Kasanje Kingdom (complete list) – :*Kalanda ka Imbe, King (c.1600s) :*Kulashingo, King (c.1610–1616) :*Kasanje ka Kulashingo, King (c.1616–1620s) :*Kalunga ka Kilombo, King (c.1630s–1650) :*Ngongo a Mbande, King (c.1650–1680) :*Dom. Pascoal Machado, King (1680) :*Kingwangwa kya Kima, King (c.1680–1681) :*Kitamba kya Keta, King (1681–1690) :*Mwanya a Kasanje, King (c.1690s) :*Kiluanje kya Ngonga, King (c.1690s–1700s) • Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) – ::Kwilu dynasty :*Álvaro II, Manikongo (1587–1614) :*Bernardo II, Manikongo (1614–1615) :*Álvaro III, Manikongo (1615–1622) ::Kinkanga dynasty :*Pedro II, Manikongo (1622–1624) :*Garcia I, Manikongo (1624–1626) ::Kwilu dynasty :*Ambrósio I, Manikongo (1626–1631) :*Álvaro IV, Manikongo (1631–1636) ::Kimpanzu dynasty :*Álvaro V, Manikongo (1636) ::Kinlaza dynasty :*Álvaro VI, Manikongo (1636–1641) :*Garcia II, Manikongo (1641–1660) :*António I, Manikongo (1660–1665) ::Civil War: Awenekongo :*Afonso II, Manikongo (1665) :*Álvaro VII, Manikongo (1665–1666) :*Álvaro VIII, Manikongo (1666–1669) :*Pedro III, Manikongo (1669) :*Álvaro IX, Manikongo (1669–1670) :*Rafael I, Manikongo (1670–1673) :*Afonso III, Manikongo (1673–1674) :*Daniel I, Manikongo (1674–1678) • Kongo claimants of Kibangu (complete list) – :*Garcia III of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1669–1685) :*André I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685) :*Manuel I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685–1688) :*Álvaro X of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1688–1695) :*Pedro IV, Awenekongo (1695–1709) • Kongo claimants of Lemba (complete list) – :*Pedro III, Awenekongo (1669–1680) :*João II of Lemba, Awenekongo (1680–1716) • Kongo claimants of Mbamba Lovata (complete list) – :*Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo (1678–1715) • Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) – :*Mwongo Matamba, Queen (?–1631) :*Nzinga Mbande, Queen (1631–1663) :*Barbara, Queen (1663–1666) :*Njinga Mona, King (1666–1669) :*João, King (1669–1670) :*Njinga Mona, King (1670–1680) :*Francisco I, King (1680–1681) :*Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721) • Portuguese Angola, (complete list) – :Colony, 1575–1951 :For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe Cameroon • Fondom of Bafut (complete list) – :*Feurlu, King (1516–1552) :*Nebasi Suh, King (1552–1570) :*Ambebi Ferh, King (1570–1635) :*Nebanfor, King (1635–1677) :*Chunga, King (1677–1708) • Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) – :*Ngapna, Mfon (1590–1629) :*Ngouloure, Mfon (1629–1672) :*Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757) Chad • Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) – :*‘Abdallah, Mbangi (1568–1608) :*‘Umar (1608–1625) :*Dalai, Mbangi (1625–1635) :*Burkomanda I, Mbangi (1635–1665) :*‘Abdul Rahman I, Mbangi (1665–1674) :*Dalo Birni, Mbangi (1674–1680) :*‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707) Congo, Democratic Republic of the • Kuba Kingdom (complete list) – :*Shamba Bolongongo, Nyim (c.1600) :*Bongo Lenge, Nyim (17th century) :*Golo Bosh, Nyim (17th century) :*Boni Bosh, Nyim (17th century) :*Kongo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (17th century) :*Bo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (c.1680) :*Golo Boke, Nyim (late 17th century) :*Bokere Boke, Nyim (late 17th century) :*KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century) • Kingdom of Lunda (complete list) – :*Cibind Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1600–c.1630) :*Yaav I a Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1630–c.1660) :*Yaav II a Nawej, Mwaantaangaand (c.1660–c.1690) :*Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720) Congo, Republic of the • Kingdom of Loango (complete list) – :*Moe Poaty I Kamangou, King (16th or 17th century) :*Ngouli N'Kama Loembe, King (17th century) :*N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi, King (late 17th century) Gabon • Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) – :*Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?) São Tomé and Príncipe • Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) – :Colony, 1470–1951 :For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe Africa: East Great Lakes area :Burundi • Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) – :*Ntare I Rushatsi Cambarantama, King (c.1530–c.1550) :*Mwezi I Baridamunka, King (c.1550–c.1580) :*Mutaga I Mutabazi, King (c.1580–c.1600) :*Mwambutsa I Nkomati, King (c.1600–c.1620) :*Ntare II Kibogora, King (c.1620–c.1650) :*Mwezi II Nyaburunga, King (c.1650–c.1680) :*Ntare I, King (c.1680–c.1709) :Kenya • Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) – :*Yusuf ibn al-Hasan (1614–1632) • Pate Sultanate: Nabahani dynasty (complete list) – :*Bwana Mkuu, Mfalume (1688–1713) :Rwanda • Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) – :*Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, King (1576–1609) :*Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura, King (1609–1642) :*Yuhi III Mazimpaka, King (1642–1675) :*Cyilima II Rujugira, King (1675–1708) South Sudan • Shilluk Kingdom – :*Odaagø Ocøllø, Rädh (c.1600–1635) :*Dhokoth, Rädh (c.1670–1690) :*Tugø, Rädh (c.1690–1710) :Uganda • Buganda (complete list) – :*Suuna I, Kabaka (c.1584–c.1614) :*Sekamaanya, Kabaka (c.1614–c.1634) :*Kimbugwe, Kabaka (c.1634–c.1644) :*Kateregga, Kabaka (c.1644–c.1674) :*Mutebi I, Kabaka (c.1674–c.1680) :*Juuko, Kabaka (c.1680–c.1690) :*Kayemba, Kabaka (c.1690–c.1704) • Bunyoro (complete list) – :*Cwamali, Omukama :*Masamba, Omukama :*Anabwani I, Omukama (late 17th century) :*Kyebambe I, Omukama :*Winyi III, Omukama :*Nyaika, Omukama Horn of Africa area :Ethiopia • Ethiopian Empire: Solomonic dynasty (complete list) – :*Za Dengel, Emperor (1603–1604) :*Yaqob, Emperor (1597–1603, 1604–1606) :*Susenyos I, Emperor (1606–1632) :*Fasilides, Emperor (1632–1667) :*Yohannes I, Emperor (1667–1682) :*Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706) • Ennarea (complete list) – :*Badancho, Hinnare-tato (c.1580–1603) :*Benero, Hinnare-tato (c.1605–1619) :*Sysgayo, Hinnare-tato (c.1619–1630) :*Emana Krestos, Hinnare-tato (c.1630–1640) :*Gumičo, Hinnare-tato (c.1650–1645) :*Techochi, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century) :*Gaha Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century) :*Gawa Sherocho, Hinnare-tato (late 17th century) • Kingdom of Garo (complete list) – :*Ambiraj, Tato (1567–1600) – :*Bong-he or Borrete or Bongatato, King (1565–1605) :*Giba Nekiok or Bonge or Galo Nechocho, King (1605–1640) :*Gali Gafocho or Gali Ginok, King (1640–1675) :*Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710) • Kingdom of Welayta: Tigre dynasty (complete list) – :*Gazenja, Kawa (17th century) :*Gazenya :*Addayo, Kawa (17th century) :Somalia • Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) – :*Ibrahim Adeer, Sultan (late 17th century–mid 18th century) • Warsangali Sultanate – :*Garaad Abdale, Sultan (1585–1612) :*Garaad Ali, Sultan (1612–1655) :*Garaad Mohamud IV, Sultan (1655–1675) :*Garaad Naleye, Sultan (1675–1705) Indian Ocean :Comoros • Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) – :*Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711) Madagascar • Merina Kingdom (complete list) – :*Ralambo, King (1575–1612) :*Andrianjaka, King (1612–1630) :*Andriantsitakatrandriana, King (1630–1650) :*Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe, King (1650–1670) :*Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana, King (1670–1675) :*Andriamasinavalona, King (1675–1710) • Boina Kingdom (complete list) – :*Andriamandisoarivo (Tsimanata), King (c.1690–1720) Africa: Northcentral Tunisia • Eyalet of Tunis: Muradid dynasty – :*Murad I, Bey (1613–1631) :*Hammuda Pasha, Bey (1631–1666) :*Murad II, Bey (1666–1675) :*Mohamed El Mouradi, Bey (1686–1696) Africa: Northeast Egypt Sudan • Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) – :*Sulayman Solong, Sultan (c.1660–c.1680) :*Musa Sulayman, Sultan (c.1680–?) • Funj Sultanate (complete list) – :*Unsa I, Sultan (1591–1603/4) :*Abd al-Qadir II, Sultan (1603/4–1606) :*Adlan I, Sultan (1606–1611/2) :*Badi I, Sultan (1611/2–1616/7) :*Rabat I, Sultan (1616/7–1644/5) :*Badi II, Sultan (1644/5–1681) :*Unsa II, Sultan (1681–1692) :*Badi III, Sultan (1692–1716) Africa: Northwest Algeria • Regency of Algiers (Sultans / Governors) – :Vassal state, 1671–1830 :*Ismail, Pasha (1659–1686) :*Mezzo Morto Hüseyin, Pasha (1686–1687) :*Mustapha V, Pasha (1694) :*Umar Pasha, Pasha (1694–1695) :*Musa, Pasha (1695–1698) :*Umar Pasha, Pasha (1698–1700) ::Pashas without power, 1700–1711 Morocco • Saadi dynasty of Morocco (complete list) – :*Ahmad al-Mansur, Sultan (1578–1603) ::Succession war: 1603–1627 :*Abu Faris Abdallah, Sultan (1603–1608) :*Zidan Abu Maali, Sultan (1603–1627) :*Abd al-Malik II, Sultan (1627–1631) :*Al-Walid ibn Zidan, Sultan (1631–1636) :*Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir, Sultan (1636–1655) :*Ahmad al-Abbas, Sultan (1655–1659) • Morocco, Dila'i interlude (complete list) – :*Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i, Sultan (1659–1663) • Alaouite dynasty of Morocco (complete list) – :*Al-Rashid, Sultan (1666–1672) :*Ismail Ibn Sharif, Sultan (1672–1727) Africa: South Angola • Kingdom of Ndongo (complete list) – :*Mbandi a Ngola, Ngola (1592–1617) :*Ngola Mbandi, Ngola (1617–1624) :*Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba, Queen (1624–1626) :under Portuguese vassalage :*Hari a Kiluanje, King (1626) :*Hari, King (1626–1657) :of Ndongo-Matamba; :*Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba, Queen (1657–1663) :of the state of Pungo a Ndongo; :*Mukambu Mbandi, Queen (1663–1671) Mozambique • Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) – :Colony, 1498–1972 :For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe South Africa • Dutch Cape Colony (complete list) – :Company rule of the Dutch East India Company, 1652–1795; British occupation, 1795–1803 :For details see the Netherlands under western Europe Zimbabwe • Kingdom of Mutapa (complete list) – :*Gatsi Rusere, Mwenemutapa (1589–1623) :*Nyambu Kapararidze, Mwenemutapa (1623–1629) ::becomes a Portuguese vassal (1629) :*Mavura Mhande Felipe, Mwenemutapa (1629–1652) :*Siti Kazurukamusapa, Mwenemutapa (1652–1663) ::becomes a Rozwi Vassal (1663) :*Kamharapasu Mukombwe, Mwenemutapa (1663–1692) :*Nyakambira, Mwenemutapa (1692–1694) ::returns to Portuguese vassalage (1694) :*Nyamaende Mhande, Mwenemutapa (1694–1707) • Rozvi Empire (complete list) – :*Changamire Tumbare, King (1530–c.1660) :*Changamire Dombo, King (c.1660–1695) :*Changamire Zharare, King (c.1695–c.1700) :*Changamire Negamo, King (c.1700–1710) Africa: West Benin • Kingdom of Benin (complete list) – :*Ehengbuda, Oba (1580–1602) :*Ohuan, Oba (1602–1656) :*Ohenzae, Oba (1656–1661) :*Akenzae, Oba (1661–1669) :*Akengboi, Oba (1669–1675) :*Akenkpaye, Oba (1675–1684) :*Akengbedo, Oba (1684–1689) :*Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701) • Abomey (complete list) – :*Do-Aklin, ruler (c.1600) :*Dakodonou, ruler (c.1625–1645) • Hogbonu (complete list) – :*Té-Agbanlin, Ahosu (1688–1729) Burkina Faso • Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) – :*Kampadiboaghi, Nunbado (1571–1615) :*Kampadi, Nunbado (1615–1659) :*Tantiari, Nunbado (1659–1684) :*Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709) Cape Verde • Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) – :Colony, 1462–1951 :For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe Ghana • Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) – :*Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (c.1675/80–1717) • Denkyira, or Agona (complete list) – :*Mumunumfi, Agonahene (1588–1620) :*Mumunumfi, Denkyirahene (1620–1624) :*Werempe Ampem, Denkyirahene (1624–1637) :*Boa Amponsem I, Denkyirahene (1637–1695) :*Ntim Gyakari, Denkyirahene (1695–1701) Guinea-Bissau • Portuguese Guinea (complete list) – :Colony, 1474–1951 :For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe Mali • Mali Empire: Keita dynasty (complete list) – :*Mahmud IV, Mansa (1590s–1600s) • Kénédougou Kingdom – :*Nanka Traoré, Faama (c.1650–?) Niger • Dendi Kingdom: Askiya dynasty (complete list) – :*al-Mustafa, Askiya (c.1600) :*Muhammad Sorko-ije, Askiya (early 17th century) :*Harun Dankataya, Askiya (early 17th century) :*al-Amin, Askiya (1611–1618) :*Dawud II, Askiya (1618–1639) :*Ismail, Askiya (c.1639) :*Muhammad, Askiya (1639) :*Dawud III, Askiya (1639–?) :*Muhammad Borgo, Askiya (early 17th century) :*Mar-Chindin, Askiya (early 17th century) :*Nuh II, Askiya (early 17th century) :*Muhammad Al-Borko, Askiya (early 17th century) :*Al-Hajj, Askiya (mid 17th century) :*Ismail, Askiya (mid 17th century) :*Dawud III, Askiya (c.1655) Nigeria • Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu) (complete list) – :*Muhammed VI Bukalmarami, Mai (1596–1612) :*Ibrahim III of Bornu, Mai (1612–1619) :*Umar, Mai (1619–1639) :*Ali II, Mai (1639–1677) :*Idris IV of Bornu, Mai (1677–1696) :*Dunama VII, Mai (1696–1715) • Gobir Empire • Ibrahim Babari. (16th century) • Bawa Jangwarzo (17th century) • Muhammadu Yumfa 18th century) • Oyo Empire (complete list) – :*Abipa, Alaafin (c.1600–?) :*Obalokun, Alaafin (17th century) :*Oluodo, Alaafin (17th century) :*Ajagbo, Alaafin (17th century) :*Odarawu, Alaafin (17th century) :*Kanran, Alaafin (17th century) :*Jayin, Alaafin (17th century or 18th century) • Sultanate of Kano (complete list) – :*Muhammad Zaki, Sultan (1582–1618) :*Muhammad Nazaki, Sultan (1618–1623) :*Kutumbi, Sultan (1623–1648) :*al-Hajj, Sultan (1648–1649) :*Shekarau (emir), Sultan (1649–1651) :*Muhammad Kukuna, Sultan (1651–1652, 1652–1660) :*Soyaki, Sultan (1652) :*Bawa, Sultan (1660–1670) :*Dadi, Sultan (1670–1703) • Lagos (complete list) – :*Ashipa, Oba (c.1682–1716) • Kingdom of Nri (complete list) – :*Eze Nri Agụ, King (1583–1676) :*Eze Nri Apia and Nri–Alike, King (1677–1700) Senegal • Cayor (complete list) – :*Lat Sukabe, Damel (1697–1719) • Kingdom of Jolof (complete list) – :*Gireun Buri Dyelen, Buur-ba (1597–1605) :*Birayma Penda, Buur-ba (1605–1649) :*Birayma Mba, Buur-ba (1649–1670) :*Bakar Penda, Buur-ba (1670–1711) • Waalo (complete list) – :*Naatago Aram Bakar, King (1674–1708) Sierra Leone • Kingdom of Koya (complete list) – :*Naimbanna I, Bai (1680–1720) ==Americas==

Americas: Caribbean Antigua • Colonial Antigua (complete list) – :British colony, 1632–1981 :For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe The Bahamas • Colony of the Bahamas (complete list) – :British colony, 1648–1973 :For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Barbados • Colonial Barbados (complete list) – :British colony, 1625–1966 :For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Cuba • Captaincy General of Cuba (complete list) – :Spanish Colony, 1607–1898 :For details see Spain in southwest Europe Haiti • Saint-Domingue (complete list) – :French Colony, 1625–1804 :For details see France in western Europe Netherlands • Curaçao and Dependencies (complete list) – :Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954 :For details see the Netherlands under western Europe Americas: Central Guatemala • Captaincy General of Guatemala (complete list) – :Spanish Colony, 1609–1821 :For details see Spain in southwest Europe Nicaragua • Miskito Coast (complete list) – :*Oldman, King (c.1650–c.1687) :*Jeremy I, King (c.1687–1718) Americas: North Canada • Canada (New France) (complete list) – :French colony, 1535–1763 :For details see France under western Europe • Newfoundland Colony (complete list) – :British colony, 1610–1907 :For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Mexico • Viceroyalty of New Spain (complete list) – :Spanish Colony, 1521–1821 :For details see Spain in southwest Europe Americas: South Brazil • Colonial Brazil (complete list) – :Portuguese colony, 1500/1534–1808 :For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe Chile • Captaincy General of Chile (complete list) – :Spanish Colony, 1541–1818 :For details see Spain in southwest Europe Peru • Viceroyalty of Peru (complete list) – :Spanish Colony, 1542–1824 :For details see Spain in southwest Europe Suriname • English Surinam (complete list) – :English/ British colony, 1650–1667 :For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe • Dutch Surinam (complete list) – :Dutch colony 1667–1954 :For details see the Netherlands under western Europe ==Asia==

Asia: Central Kazakhstan • Dzungar Khanate (complete list) – :*Khara Khula, Khong Tayiji (early 1600s–1634) :*Erdeni Batur, Khong Tayiji (1634–1653) :*Sengge, Khong Tayiji (1653–1670) :*Galdan Boshugtu, Khong Tayiji (1670–1697) :*Tsewang Arabtan, Khong Tayiji (1694–1727) • Kazakh Khanate (complete list) – :*Esim, Khan (1598–1628) :*Zhangir, Khan (1628–1652) :*Batyr, Khan (1652–1680) :*Tauke, Khan (1680–1718) Mongolia • Altan Khan of the Khalkha (complete list) – :*Ubasi Khong Tayiji, Khan (?–1623) :*Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji, Khan (1623–?) :*Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji, Khan (c.1658–c.1691) Tajikistan • Yarkent Khanate, Western Moghulistan (complete list) – :*Muhammad, Khan (1591–1610) :*Shudja ad-Din Ahmad, Khan (1610–1618) :*Kuraysh, Khan (1618) :*Abd al-Latif, Khan (1618–1630) :*Ahmad, Khan (1630–1633) :*Mahmud, Khan (1633–1636) :*Ahmad, Khan (1636–1638) :*Abdullah, Khan (1638–1669) :*Nur ad-Din, Khan (1667–1668) :*Ismail, Khan (1669–1670) :*YuIbars, Khan (1669–1670) :*Abd al Latif, Khan (1670) :*Ismail, Khan (1670–1680) :*Abd ar-Rashid II, Khan (1680–1682) :*Muhammad Amin, Khan (1682–1692) :*Abakh Khoja, Khan (1692–1694) :*Yahiya Khoja, Khan (1694–1695) :*Hanim Padsha, Khatun (1695) :*Akbash, Khan (1695–1705) Tibet • Guge :*Khri Grags pa'i dBang phyug, King (c.1600) :*Khri Nam rgyal Grags pa lde, King (fl. 1618) :*Khri bKra shis Grags pa lde, King (pre-1622–1630) • Phagmodrupa dynasty (complete list) – :*Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen, Monarch (1576–1603/1604) :*Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo, Monarch (1604–1613) :*Mipham Sonam Wangchuk Drakpa Namgyal Palzang, Monarch (early 17th century) • Tsangpa (complete list) – :*Khunpang Lhawang Dorje, Monarch (c.1582–1605/1606) :*Karma Thutob Namgyal, Monarch (c.1586–1610) :*Karma Tensung, Monarch (1599–1611) :*Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, Monarch (1611–1620) :*Karma Tenkyong, Monarch (1620–1642) • Khoshut Khanate of Tibet :*Khans (complete list) – ::*Güshi, Khan (1642–1655) ::*Dayan, Khan (1655–1668) ::*Tenzin Dalai, Khan (1668–1696) ::*Tenzin Wangchuk, Khan (1696–1697) ::*Lha-bzang, Khan (1697–1717) :*Dalai Lamas (complete list) – ::*Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, 5th Dalai Lama (1642–1682) ::*Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (1697–1706) Uzbekistan • Khanate of Bukhara – :*Baqi Muhammad, Khan (1599–1605) :*Vali Muhammad, Khan (1605–1611) :*Imam Quli, Khan (1611–1642) :*Nadr Muhammad, Khan (1642–1645) :*Abdu'l-Aziz, Khan (1645–1680) :*Subhan Quli, Khan (1680–1702) • Khanate of Khiva (complete list) – :*Haji Muhammad I, Khan (1558–1602) :*Arab Muhammad I, Khan (1602–1623) :*Isfandiyar, Khan (1623–1643) :*Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, Khan (1643–1663) :*Anusha, Khan (1663–1685) :*unnamed, Khan (1685–1714) :*Khudaydad, Khan (1685–1687) :*Muhammad Awrang I, Khan (1687–1694) :*Chuchaq, Khan (1694–1697) :*Vali, Khan (1697–1698) :*Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz, Khan (1698–1701) • Kalmyk Khanate (complete list) – :*Kho Orluk, Khan (1633–1644) :*Shukhur Daichin, Khan (1644–1661) :*Puntsug, Khan (1661–1672) :*Ayuka, Khan (1672–1723) Asia: East China • Ming dynasty (complete list) – :*Wanli, Emperor (1572–1620) :*Taichang, Emperor (1620) :*Tianqi, Emperor (1620–1627) :*Chongzhen, Emperor (1627–1644) • Southern Ming (complete list) – :*Zhu Yousong, Emperor (1644–1645) :*Zhu Yujian, Emperor (1645–1646) :*Zhu Yihai, Regent / Emperor (1645–1655) :*Zhu Yuyue, Emperor (1646–1647) :*Zhu Youlang, ruler (1646–1647) :*Zhu Changqing, ruler (1648–1649) • Shun dynasty – :*Li Zicheng, Emperor (1643–1645) • Qing dynasty (complete list) – :*Nurhaci, Khan (1616–1626) :*Hong Taiji, Khan (1626–1636), Emperor (1636–1643) :*Shunzhi, Emperor (1643–1661) :*Kangxi, Emperor (1661–1722) China: Taiwan • Dutch Formosa (complete list) – :Dutch colony 1624–1668 :For details see the Netherlands under western Europe • Kingdom of Middag – :*Kamachat Aslamie, King, (?–1648) :*Kamachat Maloe, King, (1648–?) • Spanish Formosa (complete list) – :Spanish Colony, 1626–1642 :For details see Spain in southwest Europe • Kingdom of Tungning: House of Koxinga (complete list) – :*Zheng Chenggong, Prince (1661–1662) :*Zheng Xi, Protector (1662) :*Zheng Jing, Prince (1662–1681) :*Zheng Kezang, Prince Regent (1681) :*Zheng Keshuang, Prince (1681–1683) Japan • Tokugawa shogunate of Japan :*Emperors (complete list) – ::*Go-Yōzei, Emperor (1586–1611) ::*Go-Mizunoo, Emperor (1611–1629) ::*Meishō, Emperor (1629–1643) ::*Go-Kōmyō, Emperor (1643–1654) ::*Go-Sai, Emperor (1655–1663) ::*Reigen, Emperor (1663–1687) ::*Higashiyama, Emperor (1687–1709) :*Shōguns (complete list) – ::*Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shōgun (1603–1605) ::*Tokugawa Hidetada, Shōgun (1605–1623) ::*Tokugawa Iemitsu, Shōgun (1623–1651) ::*Tokugawa Ietsuna, Shōgun (1641–1680) ::*Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Shōgun (1680–1709) • Ryukyu Kingdom: Second Shō dynasty – :Tributary state of the Ming dynasty, 1429–1644 :*Shō Nei, King (1589–1620) :Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872 :*Shō Hō, King (1621–1640) :*Shō Ken, King (1641–1647) :*Shō Shitsu, King (1648–1668) :*Shō Tei, King (1669–1709) Korea • Joseon (complete list) – :*Seonjo, King (1567–1608) :*Gwanghaegun, King (1608–1623) :*Injo, King (1623–1649) :*Hyojong, King (1649–1659) :*Hyeonjong, King (1659–1674) :*Sukjong, King (1674–1720) Mongolia • Alliance of the Four Oirat (complete list) – :*Kharkhul, leader (1606–1634) • Northern Yuan dynasty (complete list) – :*Buyan Sechen, Khan (1592–1603) :*Ligdan, Khan (1604–1634) :*Ejei, Khan (1634–1635) Asia: Southeast Brunei • Bruneian Empire (complete list) – :*Abdul Jalilul Akbar, Sultan (1598–1659) :*Abdul Jalilul Jabbar, Sultan (1659–1660) :*Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1660–1661) :*Abdul Hakkul Mubin, Sultan (1660–1673) :*Muhyiddin, Sultan (1673–1690) :*Nassaruddin, Sultan (1690–1710) Cambodia • Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) – :*Ponhea Nhom, King (1600–1603) :*Barom Reachea IV, King (1603–1618) :*Chey Chettha II, King (1618–1628) :*Outey, King (1628–1642) :*Thommoreachea II or Sri Dharmaraja II, King (1628–1630) :*Batom Reachea or Padumaraja I, King (1640–1642) :*Ramathipadi I, King (1642–1658) :*Barom Reachea V or Paramaraja IX, King (1658–1672) :*Chey Chettha III or Padumaraja II, King (1672–1673) :*Kaev Hua II, King (1673–1674) :*Padumaraja III, King (1674) :*Chey Chettha IV, King (1675–1695, 1696–1699, 1700–1702, 1703–1706) :*Outey I or Narai Ramathipadi II, King (1695–1696) :*Barom Ramadhipati or Kaev Hua III, King (1699–1700, 1710–1722) Indonesia :Indonesia: Java • Banten Sultanate (complete list) – :*Pangeran Ratu, Sultan (1596–1651) :*Abu’lma’ali Ahmad, Sultan (1638–c.1650) :*Ageng Tirtayasa, Sultan (1651–1683) :*Abu an-Nasr, Sultan (1682–1687) :*Abdul Fadhl, Sultan (1687–1690) :*Abdul Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin, Sultan (1690–1733) • Sultanate of Cirebon (complete list) – :*Panembahan Ratu, Sultan (c.1570–1649) :*Panembahan Girilaya, Sultan (c.1650–1662) :Split into the Kraton Kasepuhan, Kraton Kanoman, Kraton Kacirebonan, Panembahan Cirebon lines • Sultanate of Cirebon: Kraton Kacirebonan (complete list) – :*Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin, Sultan (1697–1723) • Blambangan Kingdom (complete list) – :*Mas Karian, King (?–1632) :*Sunan Tawang Alun I, King (1633–1639) :*Tawang Alun II, King (1665–1691) :*Pangeran Pati, King (1691) :*Sasranegara, Co-King (1691–1692) :*Mancanapura, King (1691–1697) :*Pangeran Putr, King (1697–1736) • Giri – :*Sunan Prapen, Sultan (1548–1605) :*Panembahan Kawis Gua, Sultan (1605–1621) :*Panembahan Agung, Sultan (1621–1626) :*Panembahan Mas Witana, Sultan (1626–1680) • Pasuruan – :*Adipati Pekik, King (?–1614) :*Ki Gede Kapulungan, Regent (c.1614–1616/17) :*Surapati, Wiranegara I, Sultan (1686–1706) • Duchy of Surabaya (complete list) – :*Panembahan Rama, Adipati (16th/17th century) :*Pangeran Surabaya, Adipati (16th/17th century) :*Pangeran Sunjaya, Adipati (17th century) :*Raden Jayalengkara, Adipati (?–1625) • Tuban – :*Arya Salempe, King (16th/17th century) :*Pangeran Dalem, King (?–1619) • Cirebon, Keraton Kasepuhan (complete list) – :*Sepuh I Syamsuddin, Sultan (1662–1697) :*Sepuh II Jamaluddin, Sultan (1697–1723) • Cirebon, Kraton Kanoman (complete list) – :*Anom I Badruddin, Sultan (1662–1703) :*Pangeran Mas, Sultan (1621–1624) :*Cakraningrat I, Sultan (1624–1648) :*Raden Demang Malaya Kusuma, Regent (1648–1656) :*Cakraningrat II, Sultan (1648–1707) • Sumenep – :*Pangeran Wetan, Sultan (c.1600) :*Pangeran Ellor II, Sultan (?–1624) :*Kyai Mas Anggadipa, Sultan (1624–?) :*Arya Yang Pati, Sultan (?–1671) :*Yudanegara, Sultan (1671–1684) :*Pulang Jiwa, Sultan (1684–1702) • Pamekasan – :*Adikara I, Sultan (1685–1708) • Mataram Sultanate (complete list) – :*Senopati, Sultan (1587–1601) :*Raden Mas Jolang, Sultan (1601–1613) :*Agung, Sultan (1613–1645) :*Amangkurat I, Sultan (1646–1677) :*Amangkurat II, Susuhunan (1677–1703) :Indonesia: Sumatra • Aceh Sultanate (complete list) – :*Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal, Sultan (1589–1604) :*Ali Ri'ayat Syah III, Sultan (1604–1607) :*Iskandar Muda, Sultan (1607–1636) :*Iskandar Thani, Sultan (1636–1641) :*Taj ul-Alam, Queen (1641–1675) :*Nurul Alam Naqiatuddin Syah, Queen (1675–1678) :*Inayat Zakiatuddin Syah, Queen (1678–1688) :*Zainatuddin, Queen (1688–1699) :*Badr ul-Alam Syarif Hasyim Jamaluddin, Sultan (1699–1702) • Sultanate of Deli (complete list) – :*Gocah Pahlawan, Sultan (1632–1669) :*Perunggit, Sultan (1669–1698) :*Tuanku Panglima Paderap, Sultan (1698–1728) • Sultanate of Langkat – :*Panglima Dewa Sakti, Raja (1580–1612) :*Kahar bin Panglima Dewa Sakdi, Raja (1612–1673) :*Bendahara Raja Badiuzzaman, Raja (1673–1750) • Johor Sultanate (complete list) – :*Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615) :*Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623) :*Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan of Pahang (1615–1617) of Johor (1623–1677) :*Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685) :*Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1685–1699) :*Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720) • Jambi Sultanate – • :Hilir Jambi, Sultan (1687–1696) • :Sultan Sri Maharaja Batu, Sultan (1690–1721) :Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo) • Sultanate of Banjar (complete list) – :*Mustain Billah, Sultan (1595–1638) :*Inayatullah bin Mustainbillah, Sultan (1642–1647) :*Saidullah, Sultan (1647–1660) :*Ri'ayatullah, Sultan (1660–1663) :*Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1663–1679) :*Agung/Pangeran Suryanata II, Sultan (1663–1679) :*Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1679–1700) :*Tahmidullah I, Sultan (1700–1717) • Bulungan – :*Kelana, Putera Singa Laut, Wira (1618–1640) :*Keranda, Putera Wira Kelana, Wira (1640–1695) :*Digendung, putra Wira Keranda, Wira (1695–1731) • Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate – :*Aji Pangeran Sinum Panji Mendapa, Sultan (c.1635–1650) • Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) – :*Timbang Paseban, Governor, Sultan (1600–1609) :*Sepudak, King (1609–1632) :*Anom Kesumayuda, King (1632–1670) :*Muhammad Shafi ud-din I, Sultan (1675–1685) :*Muhammad Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1685–1708) • Sultanate of Sintang – :*Abang Pencin Pontin, Prince (c.1600–1643) :*Tunggal, Prince (c.1643–1672) :*Sri Paduka Muhammad Shams ud-din Sa'id ul-Khairiwaddien Sultan Nata, Sultan (1672–1738) :Indonesia: Sulawesi • Bone state – :*Latenri Tuppu Matinro Ri Sidenreng, King (c.1605) • Sultanate of Gowa – :*Alau'ddin, Sultan (1593–1639) :*Malikussaid (Muhammad Said), Sultan (1639–1653) :*Hasanuddin, Sultan (1653–1669) :*Amir Hamzah, Sultan (1669–1674) :*Muhammad Ali (Karaeng Bisei), Sultan (1674–1677) :*Abdul Jalil, Sultan (1677–1709) • Luwu – :*Andi Pattiware’ Daeng Parabung, Datu (1587–1615) :*Patipasaung, Datu (1615–1637) :*La Basso, Datu (1637–1663) :*Settiaraja, Datu (1663–1704) :*Petta Matinroe’ ri Polka, Datu (1660s) :Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands • Adonara (complete list) – :*Foramma, Raja (1650) :*Boli I, Raja (1671–1684) :*Eke, Raja (1684–1688) • Bali Kingdom: Gelgel (complete list) – :*Dalem Seganing, King (c.1580–1623 or ?–1650) :*Dalem Di Made, King (1623–1642 or 1655–1665) :*Dewa Pacekan, King (1642–1650) :*Dewa Cawu, King (1651–c.1655) :*Anglurah Agung, usurper King (c.1665–1686) • Kingdom of Larantuka – :*Ola Adobala, Raja (c.1665) :*Luis, Raja (c.1675) • Bima Sultanate (complete list) – :*Abdul Kahir, Sultan (c.1620–1640) :*Ambela Abu'l-Khair Sirajuddin, Sultan (1640–1682) :*Nuruddin Abubakar Ali Syah, Sultan (1682–1687) :*Jamaluddin Ali Syah, Sultan (1687–1696) :*Hasanuddin Muhammad Ali Syah, Sultan (1697–1731) :Indonesia: West Timor • Amanatun (complete list) – :*Pedro of Batumean, Raja (c.1642) :*João of Batumean, Raja (c.1645) • Amarasi (complete list) – :*Dom António I, Raja (?–1665) :*Dom Tomás, Raja (1665–?) :*Dom António II, Raja (c.1688) • Amabi (complete list) – :*Sebastião, Raja (c.1652) :*Saroro Neno, Raja (c.1655) :*Ama Kefi Meu, Raja (1666–1704) • Sonbai Besar (complete list) – :*Ama Tuan/ Ama Utang, Emperor (c.1650–c.1680) :*Bi Sonbai/ Usi Tetu Utang, Queen (1672–1717) • Taebenu :*Tanof I, Raja (1688–1700) :Indonesia: Maluku Islands • Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) – :*Alauddin I, Sultan (1581–c.1609) :*Nurusalat, Sultan (c.1609–1649) :*Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1649–1660) :Dutch protectorate 1667–1942 :*Alauddin II, Sultan (1660–1706) • Sultanate of Jailolo – :*Kodrat, Sultan (?–c.1605) :*Dua, Sultan (c.1605–1613) :*Raja Buka, Sultan (1613–1656) :*Kaicil Alam, Sultan (c.1679–1684) • Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) – :*Mole Majimu, Sultan (1599–1627) :*Ngarolamo, Sultan (1627–1634) :*Gorontalo, Sultan (1634–1639) :*Saidi, Sultan (1640–1657) :*Saifuddin, Golofino, Sultan (1657–1689) :Dutch protectorate 1657–1905 :*Hamza Faharuddin, Sultan (1689–1705) • Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) – :*Said Barakat Shah, Sultan (1583–1606) :*Muzaffar Shah I, Sultan (1607–1627) :*Hamzah, Sultan (1627–1648) :*Mandar Shah/ Manlarsaha, Sultan (1648–1650) :*Manilha, Sultan (1650–1655) :*Mandar Shah, Sultan (1655–1675) :Dutch protectorate 1683–1915 :*Sibori, Sultan (1675–1689) :*Said Fathullah, Sultan (1689–1714) :Indonesia: Papua • Kingdom of Fatagar (complete list) – :*Maraitat, Raja (1600s) Laos • Lan Xang (complete list) – :*Voravongsa II, King (1598–1622) :*Oupagnouvarath, King (1622–1623) :*Photisarath II, King (1623–1627) :*Mon Keo, King (1621–1622) :*Tone Kham, King (1627–1633) :*Vichai, King (1633–1637) :*Souligna Vongsa, King (1637–1695) :*Tian Thala, King (c.1695) :*Ong Lo, King (1694–1698) :*Nan Tharat, King (1699) :*Setthathirath II, King (1700–1707) • Muang Phuan (complete list) – :*Kham Sanh, King (1651–1688) :*Kam Lan, King (1688–1700) Malaysia :Malaysia: Peninsula • Kedah Sultanate (complete list) – :*Mudzaffar Shah III, Sultan, (1547–1602) :*Sulaiman Shah II, Sultan, (1602–1626) :*Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah, Sultan, (1626–1652) :*Muhyiddin Mansur Shah, Sultan, (1652–1662) :*Dziaddin Mukarram Shah I, Sultan, (1662–1688) :*Ataullah Muhammad Shah II, Sultan, (1688–1698) :*Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah, Sultan, (1698–1706) • Kelantan Sultanate: Champa dynasty (complete list) – :*Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan (1597–1602) :*Addil ud-din, Sultan (1579–1597, 1602–1605) :*Samir ud-din, Sultan (1605–1616) :*'Abdu'l Kadir, Sultan (1616–1637) :*Sakti I, Raja (1637–1649) :*Loyor bin Raja Sakti I, Raja (1649–1663) :*Puteri Saadong, Raja (1663–1667) :*Sa'adong I, Rata (1667–1671) :*Abdul Rahim, Sultan (1671–1676) :*Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti I, Sultan (1675–1721) • Pahang Sultanate (complete list) – :*Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah, Sultan (1592–1614) :*Alauddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1614–1615) :*Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan (1615–1617) of Johor (1623–1677) :*Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan of Pahang (1615–1617), Sultan of Johor (1623–1677) • Johor Sultanate (complete list) – :*Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615) :*Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623) :*Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan of Pahang (1615–1617), Sultan of Johor (1623–1677) :*Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685) :*Mahmud II, Sultan (1685–1699) :*Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720) • Perak Sultanate (complete list) – :Malacca dynasty :*Alauddin Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1594–1603) :*Mukaddam Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1603–1619) :*Ahmad Mansur Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1619–1627) :*Mahmud Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1627–1630) :*Sallehuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1630–1636) :Siak dynasty :*Muzaffar Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1636–1653) :*Mahmud Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1653–1720) :Malaysian Borneo • Sultanate of Sarawak – :*Tengah, Sultan (1599–1641) Myanmar / Burma • Kingdom of Mrauk U (complete list) – :*Razagyi, King (1593–1612) :*Khamaung, King (1612–1622) :*Thiri Thudhamma, King (1622–1638) :*Sanay, King (1638) :*Narapati, King (1638–1645) :*Thado, King (1645–1652) :*Sanda Thudhamma, King (1652–1674) :*Thiri Thuriya, King (1674–1685) :*Wara Dhammaraza, King (1685–1692) :*Muni Thudhammaraza, King (1692–1694) :*Sanda Thuriya I, King (1694–1696) :*Nawrahta, King (1696) :*Mayuppiya, King (1696–1697) :*Kalamandat, King (1697–1698) :*Naradipati, King (1698–1700) :*Sanda Wimala I, King (1700–1707) • Toungoo dynasty (complete list) – :*Nyaungyan Min, King (1599–1605) :*Anaukpetlun, King (1605–1628) :*Minyedeippa, King (1628–1629) :*Thalun, King (1629–1648) :*Pindale Min, King (1648–1661) :*Pye Min, King (1661–1672) :*Narawara, King (1672–1673) :*Minyekyawdin, King (1673–1698) :*Sanay Min, King (1698–1714) Philippines • Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) – :*Batarah Shah Tengah, Sultan (1596–1608) :*Muwallil Wasit I, Sultan (1610–1650) :*Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648) :*Salah ud-Din, Sultan (1649/50–1680) :*Ali Shah, Sultan (late 17th century) :*Nur ul-Azam, ruler (late 17th century) :*Shahab ud-Din, Sultan (1685–1710) • Sultanate of Maguindanao (complete list) – :*Kapitan Laut Buisan, Sultan (1597–1619) :*Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648) :*Barahaman, Sultan (c.1678–1699) :*Kahar Ud-din Kuda, Sultan (?–1702) • Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) – :Colony, 1565–1901 :For details see Spain in southwest Europe Thailand • Ayutthaya Kingdom (complete list) – :Sukhothai dynasty :*Naresuan, King of Sukhothai (1570–1590), King of Ayutthaya (1590–1605) :*Ekathotsarot, King (1605–1620) :*Si Saowaphak, King (1620) :*Songtham, King (1620–1628) :*Chetthathirat, King (1628–1629) :*Athittayawong, King (1629) :Prasat Thong dynasty :*Prasat Thong, King (1629–1656) :*Chai, King (1656) :*Si Suthammaracha, King (1656) :*Narai, King (1656–1688) :Ban Phlu Luang dynasty :*Phetracha, King (1688–1703) • Lan Na: Burmese rule (complete list) – :*Nawrahta Minsaw, King (1579–1607/08) :*Thado Minsaw (Phra Choi), King (1607/08–1608/09) :*Minye Deibba (Phra Chaiyathip), King (1608/09–1614) :*Thado Kyaw, King (1614) :*Si Songmueang, King (1615–1631) :*Thipphanet, Lord (1631–1655) :*Phra Saenmueang, King (1655–1659) :*King of Phrae, King (1659–1672) :*Uengsae of Ava, Viceroy (1672–1675) :*Che Putarai, King (1675–1707) • Pattani Kingdom (complete list) – ::Inland dynasty :*Ratu Hijau, Queen (1584–1616) :*Ratu Biru, Queen (1616–1624) :*Ratu Ungu, Queen (1624–1635) :*Ratu Kuning, Queen (1635–1649/88) ::First Kelantanese dynasty :*Bakal, Raja (1688–1690 or 1651–1670) :*Emas Kelantan, Raja (1690–1704 or 1670–1698) :*Emas Chayam, Queen (1704–1707 or 1698–1702 and 1716–1718) Vietnam • Champa (complete list) – :*Po Ro Me, King (1627–1651) :*Po Niga, King (1652–1660) :*Po Saut, King (1660–1692) :*Po Saktirai da putih, King (1695–1728) • Đại Việt: Mạc dynasty (complete list) – :*Mạc Kính Cung, Emperor (1593–1625) :*Mạc Kính Khoan, Emperor (1623–1638) :*Mạc Kính Vũ, Emperor (1638–1677) • Đại Việt: Revival Lê dynasty (complete list) – :*Lê Kính Tông, Emperor (1600–1619) :*Lê Thần Tông, Emperor (1619–1643, 1649–1662) :*Lê Chân Tông, Emperor (1643–1649) :*Lê Huyền Tông, Emperor (1663–1671) :*Lê Gia Tông, Emperor (1672–1675) :*Lê Hy Tông, Emperor (1676–1704) • Đàng Ngoài: Trịnh lords (complete list) – :*Trịnh Tùng, Lord (1570–1623) :*Trịnh Tráng, Lord (1623–1652) :*Trịnh Tạc, Lord (1653–1682) :*Trịnh Căn, Lord (1682–1709) • Đàng Trong: Nguyễn lords (complete list) – :*Nguyễn Hoàng, Lord (1558–1613) :*Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, Lord (1613–1635) :*Nguyễn Phúc Lan, Lord (1635–1648) :*Nguyễn Phúc Tần, Lord (1648–1687) :*Nguyễn Phúc Thái, Lord (1687–1691) :*Nguyễn Phúc Chu, Lord (1691–1725) Asia: South Asia: West Iran • Safavid Iran (complete list) – :*Abbas I, Shah (1587–1629) :*Safi, Shah (1629–1642) :*Abbas II, Shah (1642–1666) :*Suleiman I, Shah (1666–1694) :*Husayn, Sultan (1694–1722) • Baban (complete list) – :*Faqi Ahmad, Prince (1649–1670) :*Sulaiman Baba, Prince (1670–1703) Lebanon • Emirate of Mount Lebanon (complete list) – :*Fakhr al-Din II, Emir (1591–1635) :*Mulhim Ma'n, Emir (1635–1658) :*Ahmad Ma'n, Emir (1658–1697) :*Bashir I Shihab, Emir (1697–1706) Oman • Imamate of Oman: Nabhani dynasty (complete list) – :*Abdulla bin Muhammad, Malik (1560–1624) • Imamate of Oman: Yaruba dynasty (complete list) – :*Nasir bin Murshid, Imam (1624–1649) :*Sultan bin Saif, Imam (1649–1679), Portuguese protectorate ended with 1650 :*Bil'arab bin Sultan, Imam (1679–1692) :*Saif bin Sultan, Imam (1692–1711) Saudi Arabia • Bani Khalid Emirate (complete list) – :*Barak bin Ghurair bin Masoud Al Hamid, Emir (1669–1682) :*Muhammad bin Ghurair, Emir (1682–1691) :*Sa'dun bin Muhammad, Emir (1691–1722) Turkey • Ottoman Empire :*Sultans – ::*Mehmed III, Sultan (1595–1603) ::*Ahmed I, Sultan (1603–1617) ::*Mustafa I, Sultan (1617–1618, 1622–1623) ::*Osman II, Sultan (1618–1622) ::*Murad IV, Sultan (1623–1640) ::*Ibrahim I, Sultan (1640–1648) ::*Mehmed IV, Sultan (1648–1687) ::*Suleiman II, Sultan (1687–1691) ::*Ahmed II, Sultan (1691–1695) ::*Mustafa II, Sultan (1695–1703) :*Grand Viziers – ::*Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1599–1601) ::*Yemişçi Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1601–1603) ::*Yavuz Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1603–1604) ::*Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1604–1606) ::*Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1606) ::*Kuyucu Murad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1606–1611) ::*Nasuh Pasha, Grand Vizier (1611–1614) ::*Öküz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1614–1616) ::*Damat Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1616–1619) ::*Öküz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1619–1619) ::*Güzelce Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1619–1621) ::*Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1621) ::*Dilaver Pasha, Grand Vizier (1621–1622) ::*Kara Davud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622) ::*Mere Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622) ::*Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622) ::*Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622–1623) ::*Mere Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1623) ::*Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1623–1624) ::*Çerkes Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1624–1625) ::*Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1625–1626) ::*Damat Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1626–1628) ::*Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha, Grand Vizier (1628–1631) ::*Hafiz Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1631–1632) ::*Topal Recep Pasha, Grand Vizier (1632) ::*Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1632–1637) ::*Bayram Pasha, Grand Vizier (1637–1638) ::*Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1638) ::*Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1638–1644) ::*Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1644–1645) ::*Nevesinli Salih Pasha, Grand Vizier (1645–1647) ::*Kara Musa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1647) ::*Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1647–1648) ::*Sofu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1648–1649) ::*Kara Murat Pasha, Grand Vizier (1649–1650) ::*Melek Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1650–1651) ::*Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I, Grand Vizier (1651) ::*Gürcü Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1651–1652) ::*Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1652–1653) ::*Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1653–1654) ::*Ibşir Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1654–1655) ::*Kara Dev Murad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1655) ::*Ermeni Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1655) ::*Gazi Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656) ::*Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656) ::*Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I, Grand Vizier (1656) ::*Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656) ::*Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656–1661) ::*Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1661–1676) ::*Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1676–1683) ::*Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1683–1685) ::*Sarı Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1685–1687) ::*Abaza Siyavuş Pasha II, Grand Vizier (1687–1688) ::*Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha, Grand Vizier (1688) ::*Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1688–1689) ::*Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1689–1691) ::*Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1691–1692) ::*Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1692–1693) ::*Bozoklu (Bıyıklı)Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1694) ::*Sürmeli Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1694–1695) ::*Elmas Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1695–1697) ::*Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1697–1702) Yemen • Wahidi Balhaf of Ba´l Haf (complete list) – :*Salih ibn Nasir al-Wahidi, Sultan (c.1640–1670) :*al-Hadi ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (c.1670–1706) • Emirate of Beihan (complete list) – :*Muqbil, Amir (1680–?) :*Hasan, Amir (?) • Kathiri (complete list) – :*Dscha'far ibn 'Abdallah al-Kathir, Sultan (1670–1690) :*Badr ibn Dscha'far al-Kathir, Sultan (1690–1707) • Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) – :*al-Mansur al-Qasim, Imam (1597–1620) :*al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad, Imam (1620–1640) :*al-Mutawakkil Isma'il, Imam (1640–1676) :*al-Mahdi Ahmad, Imam (1676–1681) :*al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad II, Imam (1681–1686) :*al-Mahdi Muhammad, Imam (1689–1718) • Lower Yafa – :*Afif, ruler (1681–1700) :*Qahtan ibn Afif, ruler (1700–1720) ==Europe==

Europe: Balkans • Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (complete list) – :*Ruvim II, Prince-bishop (1593–1636) :*Mardarije I, Prince-bishop (1639–1649) :*Visarion I, Prince-bishop (1649–1659) :*Mardarije II, Prince-bishop (1659–1673) :*Ruvim III, Prince-bishop (1673–1685) :*Vasilije II, Prince-bishop (1685) :*Visarion II, Prince-bishop (1685–1692) :*Sava Očinić, Prince-bishop (1694–1696) :*Danilo I, Prince-bishop (1696–1735) Croatia • Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) :*Kings (complete list) – :part of the Habsburg monarchy, also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown ::House of Habsburg ::*Rudolph, King (1576–1608) ::*Matthias II, King (1608–1619) ::*Ferdinand II, King (1619–1637) ::*Ferdinand III, King (1637–1657) ::*Ferdinand IV, King (1647–1654) ::*Leopold I, King (1657–1705) :*Bans (complete list) – ::*Peter Zrinski, Ban (1665–1670) ::*Miklós Erdődy, Ban (1670–1693) ::*Adam II. Batthyány, Ban (1693–1703) • Republic of Ragusa (complete list) – :*Antun Orsata Gondole, Rector (1601) :*Sabo Menze, Rector (1602) :*Marin Tudisi, Rector (1603) :*Frano Caboga, Rector (1611) :*Vlaho Gondola, Rector (1612) :*Marin Sorgo, Rector (1614) :*Stijepo Prodanello, Rector (1615) :*Stijepo Proculo, Rector (1616) :*Lamprica Cerva, Rector (1617) :*Jero Bona, Rector (1618) :*Niko Gozze, Rector (1619) :*Frano Sorgo, Rector (1620) :*Tomo Basilio, Rector (1621) :*Đivo Menze, Rector (1622) :*Đivo Clasci, Rector (1623) :*Frano Nika Sorga, Rector (1624) :*Pijero Cerva, Rector (1627) :*Pijero Cerva, Rector (1628) :*Pavo Pozza, Rector (1629) :*Jero Gozze, Marin Menze, Rector (1630) :*Đivo Nika Gondole, Rector (1631) :*Simo Menze, Rector (1639) :*Pavo Pozza, Rector (1640) :*Džono Resti, Rector (1641) :*Luko Andra Sorga, Rector (1642) :*Pavo Pozza, Rector (1643) :*Luco Caboga, Rector (1651) :*Luko Sorgo, Rector (1652) :*Sabo Bona, Rector (1653) :*Frano Ghetaldi, Rector (1654) :*Marin Proculo, Rector (1655) :*Ivan Bunić Vučić, Marko Pozza, Rector (?–1658) :*Cerva, Rector (1659–?) :*Luko Gozze, Rector (1660–?) :*Marin Proculo, Rector (1661) :*Frano Šiška Sorga, Rector (1662) :*Beno Bona, Rector (1663) :*Simo Menze, Rector (1664) :*Luko Resti, Rector (1665) :*Simo Ghetaldi, Miho Menze, Rector (1667–?) :*Marin Sorgo, Rector (1670) :*Đivo Mata Ghetaldi, Rector (1671) :*Jero Menze, Rector (1672) :*Kliment Menze, Rector (1680) :*Mato Bunić, Rector (1681) :*Niko Binčulić, Rector (1682) :*Klement Menze, Rector (1683) :*Stijepo Tudisi, Šišmundo Gundulić, Rector (?–1684) :*Mato Gondola, Rector (?-?) :*Lovrijenac Sorgo, Rector (1692) :*Rafo Gozze, Rector (1693) :*Đivo Karla Sorga, Rector (1694) :*Jero Menze, Rector (1695) :*Dominko Bucchia, Rector (1696) :*Đivo Šiška Gondole, Vlađ Bona, Rector (1699) :*Vlaho Cerva, Rector (1700) Europe: British Isles • Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Ireland (complete list, complete list) – :*Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland (1558–1603) :*James VI & I, King of Scotland (1567–1625), King of England and Ireland (1603–1625) :*Charles I, King (1625–1649) • Commonwealth of England – :*English Council of State, (1649–1653, 1659–1660) • The Protectorate: Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland (complete list) – :*Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector (1653–1658) :*Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector (1658–1659) • Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Ireland (complete list, complete list) – :*Charles II, King of Scotland (1649–1651, 1660–1685), King of England and Ireland (1660–1685) :*James II & VII, King (1685–1688) :*Mary II, Queen co-regnant (1689–1694) and William III & II, King co-regnant (1689–1702) Ireland • East Breifne (complete list) – :*Edmond, ruler (1596–1601) :*Owen, ruler (1601–1609) • West Breifne (complete list) – :*Tadhg Ó Ruairc, Lord (1600–1605) • Leinster (complete list) – :*Domhnall Spáinneach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1582–1603) • Síol Anmchadha (complete list) – :*Domhnall Ó Madadhan, Lord (1567–1612) :*Anmchadh Ó Madadhan, Lord (1612–1636) Europe: Central • Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany :*Emperors Elect, Kings – ::*Rudolph II, Emperor Elect (1576–1612), King (1575–1612) ::*Matthias, Emperor Elect (1612–1619), King (1612–1618) ::*Ferdinand II, Emperor Elect (1619–1637), King (1618–1637) ::*Ferdinand III, Emperor Elect (1637–1657), King (1636–1657) ::*Ferdinand IV, co-King (1653–1654) ::*Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705) :*Reichsvizekanzler: Vice Chancellor – ::*Rudolf Coraduz von und zu Nußdorf, Vice Chancellor (1597–1606) ::*Leopold von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1606–1612) ::*Hans Ludwig von Ulm, Vice Chancellor (1612–1627) ::*Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1627–1637) ::*Ferdinand Sigismund Graf Kurtz von Senftenau, Vice Chancellor (1637–1659) ::*Wilderich von Walderdorff, Vice Chancellor (1660–1669) ::*Leopold Wilhelm Graf von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Vice Chancellor (1669–1694) ::*Gottlieb Amadeus Graf von Windisch-Graetz, Vice Chancellor (1694–1695) ::*Dominik Andreas I. von Kaunitz, Vice Chancellor (1698–1705) Austria • Habsburg monarchy (complete list) – ::Habsburg monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles :*Rudolf II, (1576–1612) :*Matthias, (1612–1619) :*Ferdinand II, (1619–1637) :*Ferdinand III, (1637–1657) :*Leopold I, (1657–1705) Hungary • Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867) (complete list) – :*Rudolph, King (1576–1608) :*Matthias II, King (1608–1619) :*Ferdinand II, King (1619–1637) :*Ferdinand III, King (1637–1657) :*Ferdinand IV, King (1647–1654) :*Leopold I, King (1657–1705) Poland • Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Kingdom of Poland (complete list) – :*Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632) :*Władysław IV Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1632–1648) :*John II Casimir Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1648–1668) :*Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King and Grand Duke (1669–1673) :*John III Sobieski, King and Grand Duke (1674–1696) :*Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733) • Duchy of Prussia (complete list) – :*Albert Frederick, Duke (1568–1618) :*John Sigismund, Duke (1618–1619) :*George William, Duke (1619–1640) :*Frederick William, Duke (1640–1688) :*Frederick I, Duke (1688–1701), King (1701–1713) Europe: East • Crimean Khanate (complete list) – :*Ğazı II Giray, Khan (1596–1607) :*Toqtamış Giray, Khan (1607–1608) :*Selâmet I Giray, Khan (1608–1610) :*Canibek Giray, Khan (1610–1623) :*Mehmed III Giray, Khan (1623–1628) :*Canibek Giray, Khan (1628–1635) :*İnayet Giray, Khan (1635–1637) :*Bahadır I Giray, Khan (1637–1641) :*Mehmed IV Giray, Khan (1641–1644) :*İslâm III Giray, Khan (1644–1654) :*Mehmed IV Giray, Khan (1654–1666) :*Adil Giray, Khan (1666–1671) :*Selim I Giray, Khan (1671–1678) :*Murad Giray, Khan (1678–1683) :*Haci II Giray, Khan (1683–1684) :*Selim I Giray, Khan (1684–1691) :*Saadet III Giray, Khan (1691) :*Safa Giray, Khan (1691–1692) :*Selim I Giray, Khan (1692–1699) :*Devlet II Giray, Khan (1699–1702) • Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Grand Duchy of Lithuania (complete list) – :*Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632) :*Władysław IV Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1632–1648) :*John II Casimir Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1648–1668) :*Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King and Grand Duke (1669–1673) :*John III Sobieski, King and Grand Duke (1674–1696) :*Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733) • Ukraine: Cossack Hetmanate List of rulers of Cossack Hetmanate (1648-1764) :*Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Hetman (1648-1657) :*Yuriy Khmelnytsky, Hetman, Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1657, 1659-1663, 1677-1681) :*Ivan Vyhovsky, Hetman (1657-1659) :*Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1663-1665) :*Ivan Briukhovetsky, Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine (1663-1668) :*Petro Doroshenko, Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1665-1676) :*Demian Mnohohrishny, Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine (1668-1672) :*Ivan Samoylovych, Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine (1672-1687) :*Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine, Hetman of allied Hetmanate, Prince of Holy Roman Empire (1687-1704, 1704-1709, 1707-1709) :*Ivan Skoropadsky, Hetman of Left-Bank Ukraine (1708-1722) :*Pylyp Orlyk, Hetman in exile (1710-1742) • Moldavia (complete list) – :*Ieremia Movilă, Voivode (1595–1600, 1600–1606) :*Simion Movilă, Voivode (1606–1607) :*Mihail II Movilă, Voivode (1607, 1607) :*Constantin I Movilă, Voivode (1607, 1607–1611) :*Ștefan IX Tomșa, Voivode (1611–1615, 1621–1623) :*Alexandru VI Movilă, Voivode (1615–1616) :*Radu Mihnea, Voivode (1616–1619, 1623–1626) :*Gaspar Graziani, Voivode (1619–1620) :*Alexandru VII Iliaş, Voivode (1620–1621, 1631–1633) :*Miron Barnovschi-Movilă, Voivode (1626–1629, 1633) :*Alexandru VIII Coconul, Voivode (1626–1629) :*Moise Movilă, Voivode (1630–1631, 1633–1634) :*Vasile Lupu, Voivode (1634–1653, 1653) :*Gheorghe II Ștefan, Voivode (1653, 1653–1658) :*Gheorghe III Ghica, Voivode (1658–1659) :*Constantin Șerban, Voivode (1659, 1661) :*Ștefan X Lupu, Voivode (1659–1661, 1661) :*Eustratie Dabija, Voivode (1661–1665) :*Gheorghe IV Duca, Voivode (1665–1666, 1668–1672, 1678–1683) :*Iliaș III Alexandru, Voivode (1666–1668) :*Ștefan XI Petriceicu, Voivode (1672–1673, 1673–1674, 1683–1684) :*Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino, Voivode (1673, 1674–1675, 1684–1685) :*Antonie Ruset, Voivode (1675–1678) :*Constantin Cantemir, Voivode (1685–1693) :*Dimitrie Cantemir, Voivode (1693, 1710–1711) :*Constantin Duca, Voivode (1693–1695, 1700–1703) :*Antioh Cantemir, Prince (1695–1700, 1705–1707) • Qasim Khanate (complete list) – :*Eid al-Muhammad, Khan (1600–1610) :*Arslanghali, Khan (1614–1627) :*Sayed Borhan, Sultan (1627–1679) :*Fatima Soltan, Khanum (1679–1681) • Tsardom of Russia (complete list) – :*Boris Godunov, Tsar (1598–1605) :*Feodor II, Tsar (1605) :*Dmitriy I, Tsar (1605–1606) :*Vasili IV, Tsar (1606–1610) :*Vladislav I, Tsar (1610–1612) :*Michael I, Tsar (1613–1645) :*Alexis, Tsar (1645–1676) :*Feodor III, Tsar (1676–1682) :*Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725) :*Ivan V, co-Tsar (1682–1696) • Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) (complete list) – :*Giorgio Basta, commissioner (1600–1601, 1601–1603) :*Sigismund Báthory, Prince (1586–1598, 1598–1599, 1601–1602) :*Moses Székely, Prince (1603) :*Radu Șerban, Voivode (1603), Prince (July 1603–September 1603 :*Giorgio Basta, commissioner (1603–1604) :*Stephen Bocskai, Prince (1605–1606) :*Sigismund Rákóczi, Prince (1607–1608) :*Gabriel Báthory, Prince (1608–1613) :*Gabriel Bethlen, Prince (1613–1629) :*Catherine of Brandenburg, Princess (1629–1630) :*Stephen Bethlen, Prince (1630) :*George I Rákóczi, Prince (1630–1648) :*George II Rákóczi, Prince (1648–1657, 1658, 1659–1660) :*Francis I Rákóczi, Prince (not installed) :*Francis Rhédey, Prince (1657–1658) :*Ákos Barcsay, Prince (1658–1659, 1660) :*John Kemény, Prince (1661–1662) :*Michael I Apafi, Prince (1661–1690) :*Emeric Thököly, Prince (1690) :*Michael II Apafi, Prince (1690–1696/1701) :*Francis II Rákóczi, Prince (1704–1711) • Principality of Wallachia (complete list) – :*Simion Movilă, Prince (1600–1601, 1602) :*Radu IX Mihnea, Prince (1601–1602, 1611, 1611–1616, 1620–1623) :*Radu X Șerban, Prince (1602–1610, 1611) :*Transylvanian occupation: direct rule of Gabriel Báthory (1611) :*Gabriel Movilă, Prince (1616, 1618–1620) :*Alexandru IV Iliaș, Prince (1616–1618, 1627–1629) :*Alexandru V Coconul, Prince (1623–1627) :*Leon Tomșa, Prince (1629–1632) :*Radu XI Iliaș, Prince (1632) :*Matei Basarab, Prince (1632–1654) :*Constantin I Șerban, Prince (1654–1658) :*Mihnea III, Prince (1658–1659) :*Gheorghe I Ghica, Prince (1659–1660) :*Grigore I Ghica, Prince (1660–1664, 1672–1673) :*Radu XII Leon, Prince (1664–1669) :*Antonie Vodă din Popeşti, Prince (1669–1672) :*Gheorghe II Ducas, Prince (1673–1678) :*Șerban Cantacuzino, Prince (1678–1688) :*Constantin II Brâncoveanu, Prince (1688–1714) Europe: Nordic Denmark–Norway • Denmark–Norway (complete list / complete list) – :*Christian IV, King (1588–1648) :*Frederick III, King (1648–1670) :*Christian V, King (1670–1699) :*Frederick IV, King (1699–1730) • Duchy of Schleswig (complete list) – :*Christian IV of Denmark, Duke (1588–1648) :*John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1590–1616) :*Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1616–1659) :*Frederick III of Denmark, Duke (1648–1670) :*Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1659–1695) :*Christian V of Denmark, Duke (1670–1699) :*Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1695–1702) Sweden • History of Sweden (1523–1611) (complete list) – :*Charles IX, Regent (1599–1604), King (1604–1611) • Swedish Empire (complete list) – :*Gustavus Adolphus, King (1611–1632) :*Christina, Queen (1632–1654) :*Charles X Gustav, King (1654–1660) :*Charles XI, King (1660–1697) :*Charles XII, King (1697–1718) Europe: Southcentral • Duchy of Mantua (complete list) – :*Vincenzo, Duke (1587–1612) :*Francesco IV, Duke (1612) :*Ferdinando, Duke (1612–1626) :*Vincenzo II, Duke (1626–1627) :*Charles I, Duke (1627–1637) :*Charles II, Duke (1637–1665) :*Ferdinando Carlo, Duke (1665–1708) • Principality of Massa and Margraviate of Carrara (complete list) – :*Alberico I Cybo-Malaspina, Marquis (1554–1623), Prince and Marquis (1558–1623) :*Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina, Prince and Marquis (1623–1662) :*Alberico II Cybo-Malaspina, Prince and Marquis (1662–1690) • Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara (complete list) – :*Alberico II Cybo-Malaspina, Prince and Marquis (1662–1664), Duke and Prince (1664–1690) :*Carlo II Cybo-Malaspina, Duke and Prince (1690–1710) • Duchy of Montferrat (complete list) – :*Vincent I, Duke (1587–1612) :*Francis II, Duke (1612) :*Ferdinand, Duke (1612–26) :*Vincent II, Duke (1626–27) :*War of the Mantuan Succession, ruler (1627–1631) :*Maria, Duchess (1612–1661) :*Charles I, Duke (1627–1637) :*Charles II, ruler (1637–1665) :*Ferdinand Charles, Duke (1665–1708) • Papal States (complete list) – :*Clement VIII, Pope (1592–1605) :*Leo XI, Pope (1605) :*Paul V, Pope (1605–1621) :*Gregory XV, Pope (1621–1623) :*Urban VIII, Pope (1623–1644) :*Innocent X, Pope (1644–1655) :*Alexander VII, Pope (1655–1667) :*Clement IX, Pope (1667–1669) :*Clement X, Pope (1670–1676) :*Innocent XI, Pope (1676–1689) :*Alexander VIII, Pope (1689–1691) :*Innocent XII, Pope (1691–1700) :*Clement XI, Pope (1700–1721) • Duchy of Parma (complete list) – :*Ranuccio I, Duke (1592–1622) :*Odoardo, Duke (1622–1646) :*Ranuccio II, Duke (1646–1694) :*Francesco, Duke (1694–1727) • San Marino :*Captains Regent (1500–1700) – • Grand Duchy of Tuscany (complete list) – :*Ferdinando I, Grand Duke (1587–1609) :*Cosimo II, Grand Duke (1609–1621) :*Ferdinando II, Grand Duke (1621–1670) :*Cosimo III, Grand Duke (1670–1723) • Republic of Venice (complete list) – :*Marino Grimani, Doge (1595–1606) :*Leonardo Donato, Doge (1606–1612) :*Marcantonio Memmo, Doge (1612–1615) :*Giovanni Bembo, Doge (1615–1618) :*Nicolò Donato, Doge (1618–1618) :*Antonio Priuli, Doge (1618–1623) :*Francesco Contarini, Doge (1623–1624) :*Giovanni I Cornaro, Doge (1624–1630) :*Nicolò Contarini, Doge (1630–1631) :*Francesco Erizzo, Doge (1631–1646) :*Francesco Molin, Doge (1646–1655) :*Carlo Contarini, Doge (1655–1656) :*Francesco Cornaro, Doge (1656–1656) :*Bertuccio Valiero, Doge (1656–1658) :*Giovanni Pesaro, Doge (1658–1659) :*Domenico II Contarini, Doge (1659–1674) :*Nicolò Sagredo, Doge (1674–1676) :*Alvise Contarini, Doge (1676–1683) :*Marcantonio Giustinian, Doge (1683–1688) :*Francesco Morosini, Doge (1688–1694) :*Silvestro Valiero, Doge (1694–1700) :*Alvise II Mocenigo, Doge (1700–1709) Southern Italy • Kingdom of Naples (complete list) – ::The Kingdom of Naples was ruled in personal union with Spain from 1504 to 1713. :*Philip II, King (1598–1621) :*Philip III, King (1621–1647) :*Henry of Guise, Doge (1647–1648) :*Philip III, King (1648–1665) :*Charles V, King (1665–1700) :*Philip IV, King (1700–1713) • Kingdom of Trinacria: Sicily (complete list) – :*Philip III, King (1598–1621) :*Philip IV, King (1621–1665) :*Charles III, King (1665–1700) :*Philip V, King (1700–1713) Malta • Hospitaller Malta (complete list) – :*Martín Garzés, Grand Master (1595–1601) :*Alof de Wignacourt, Grand Master (1601–1622) :*Luís Mendes de Vasconcellos, Grand Master (1622–1623) :*Antoine de Paule, Grand Master (1623–1636) :*Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, Grand Master (1636–1657) :*Martin de Redin, Grand Master (1657–1660) :*Annet de Clermont-Gessant, Grand Master (1660 ) :*Rafael Cotoner, Grand Master (1660–1663) :*Nicolás Cotoner, Grand Master (1663–1680) :*Gregorio Carafa, Grand Master (1680–1690) :*Adrien de Wignacourt, Grand Master (1690–1697) :*Ramón Perellós, Grand Master (1697–1720) Europe: Southwest Andorra • Andorra :*Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) – ::*Andreu Capella, Episcopal Co-Prince (1588–1609) ::*Bernat de Salba i Salba, Episcopal Co-Prince (1609–1620) ::*Luis Díez de Aux y Armendáriz, Episcopal Co-Prince (1622–1627) ::*Antonio Pérez, Episcopal Co-Prince (1627–1632) ::*Pau Duran, Episcopal Co-Prince (1634–1651) ::*Juan Manuel de Espinosa, Episcopal Co-Prince (1655–1663) ::*Melcior Palau i Bosca, Episcopal Co-Prince (1664–1670) ::*Pere de Copons i Teixidor, Episcopal Co-Prince (1671–1681) ::*Joan Baptista Desbac i Mortorell, Episcopal Co-Prince (1682–1688) ::*Oleguer de Montserrat i Rufet, Episcopal Co-Prince (1689–1694) ::*Julià Cano Thebar, Episcopal Co-Prince (1695–1714) :*French Co-Princes (complete list) – ::*Henry IV, French Co-Prince (1572–1610) ::*Louis XIII, French Co-Prince (1610–1643) ::*Louis XIV, French Co-Prince (1643–1715) Catalonia • Catalan Republic :*Pau Claris, President (1641) Navarre • Kingdom of Navarre (complete list) – :*Henry III, King (1572–1610) :*Louis II, King (1610–1620) Portugal • Kingdom of Portugal (complete list) – :*Philip II, King (1598–1621) :*Philip III, King (1621–1640) :*John IV, King (1640–1656) :*Afonso VI, King (1656–1683) :*Peter II, King (1683–1706) Spain • Habsburg Spain: Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Philip III the Pious, King (1598–1621) ::*Philip IV, King (1621–1665) ::*Charles II the Bewitched, King (1665–1700) Europe: West France • Kingdom of France: Ancien Régime (complete list) – :*Henry IV, King (1589–1610) :*Louis XIII, King (1610–1643) :*Louis XIV, King (1643–1715) • Anjou (complete list) – :*Gaston I, Duke (1608–1626) :*Philip I, Duke (1640–1660) :*Philippe Charles, Duke (1668–1671) :*Louis Francis, Duke (1672) :*Philip II, Duke (1683–1700) • Auvergne (complete list) – :*Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, Count (1589–1608) :*Margaret of Valois, Count (1608–1610) • County of Maine (complete list) – :*Charles VI of Maine, Count (?–1611) :*Henry, Duke of Mayenne, Count (1611–1621) :*Charles II Gonzaga, Count (1621–1631) :*Ferdinand Gonzaga, Count (1631–1632) :*Charles III Gonzaga, Count (1632–?) • Monaco (complete list) – :*Ercole, Lord (1589–1604) :*Honoré II, Lord (1604–1612), Prince (1612–1662) :*Louis I, Prince (1662–1701) • Duchy of Nevers (complete list) – :*Charles III Gonzaga, Duke (1595–1637) :*Charles IV Gonzaga, Duke (1637–1659) :*Jules Mazarin, Duke (1659–1661) :*Philippe Jules Mancini, Duke (1661–1707) Low Countries • United Provinces: Dutch Republic :::For the preceding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire :*Stadtholders (complete list) – ::*Maurice, Stadtholder (1585–1625) ::*Frederick Henry, Stadtholder (1625–1647) ::*William II, Stadtholder (1647–1650) ::*William III, Stadtholder (1672–1702) :*Grand pensionaries (complete list) – ::*Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Grand Pensionary (1586–1619) ::*Andries de Witt, Grand Pensionary (1619–1621) ::*Anthonie Duyck, Grand Pensionary (1621–1629) ::*Jacob Cats, Grand Pensionary (1629–1631) ::*Adriaan Pauw, Grand Pensionary (1631–1636) ::*Jacob Cats, Grand Pensionary (1636–1651) ::*Adriaan Pauw, Grand Pensionary (1651–1653) ::*Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary (1653–1672) ::*Gaspar Fagel, Grand Pensionary (1672–1688) ::*Michiel ten Hove, Grand Pensionary (1688–1689) ::*Anthonie Heinsius, Grand Pensionary (1689–1720) • County of Drenthe (complete list) – ::For the preceding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire :*Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594) :*Frederik van den Bergh, in name only, Stadtholder (1595–1618) :*William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg, Stadtholder (1595–1620) • County of Flanders (complete list) – :*Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess (1598–1621) :*Philip VI, Count (1621–1665) :*Charles IV, Count (1665–1700) :*Philip VII, Count (1700–1706) • Lordship of Frisia (complete list) – ::For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Frisia under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire :*Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594) :*William I, Stadtholder (1580–1884) :*William Louis, Stadtholder (1584–1620) • Lordship of Groningen (complete list) – ::For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire :*Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594) :*William Louis, Stadtholder (1584–1620) • Duchy of Guelders (complete list) – ::For the preceding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire :*William IV of Bergh, Stadtholder (1581–1585) :*Claude de Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1585–1587) :*Florent de Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1587–1626) :*Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Stadtholder (1584–1589) :*Maurice, Stadtholder (1590–1625) • County of Holland, Lordship of Utrecht, County of Zeeland (complete list) – ::For the preceding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire :*William I, Stadtholder (1572–1584) :*Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Stadtholder (1584–1589) :*Maurice, Stadtholder (1585–1625) • Lordship of Overijssel (complete list) – ::For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire :*Francisco Verdugo, Stadtholder (1581–1594) :*Adolf van Nieuwenaar, Stadtholder (1584–1589) :*Frederik van den Bergh, Stadtholder (1594–1618) Eurasia: Caucasus Georgia • Principality of Abkhazia (complete list) – :*Putu, Prince (c.1580–1620) :*Seteman, Prince (c.1620–1640) :*Sustar, Prince (c.1640–1665) :*Zegnak, Prince (c.1665–1700) • Kingdom of Imereti (complete list) – :*Rostom, King (1588–1589, 1590–1605) :*George III, King (1605–1639) :*Alexander III, King (1639–1660) :*Bagrat V, King (1660–1661, 1663–1668, 1669–1678, 1679–1681) :*Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili, King (1661–1663) :*Archil, King (1661–63, 1678–79, 1690–91, 1695–96, 1698) :*Demetre, King (1663–1664) :*George III of Guria, King (1681–1683) :*Alexander IV, King (1683–1690, 1691–1695) :*George V, King (1696–1698) :*Simon, King (1699–1701) • Kingdom of Kakheti (complete list) – :*Alexander II (Ottoman vassal after 1578), King (1574–1602, 1602–1605) :*David I, King (1602) :*Alexander II (restored), King (1602–1605) :*Constantine I, King (1605) :*Teimuraz I, King (1605–1614, 1615, 1625–1633, 1634–1648) ::direct Persian rule (1614–1615, 1616–1625, 1633, 1648–1664, 1676–1703) :*Archil, King (1664–1675) :*Heraclius I, King (1675–1676) • Kingdom of Kartli (complete list) – :*George X, King (1599–1606) :*Luarsab II, King (1606–1615) :*Bagrat VII, King (1615/16–1619) :*Simon II, rival King (1619–1630/31) :*Teimuraz I, rival King (1625–1633) :*Rostom, King (1633–1658) :*Vakhtang V, King (1658–1675) :*George XI, King (1676–1688, 1703–1709) :*Heraclius I, King (1688–1703) Russia: Dagestan • Gazikumukh Khanate (complete list) – :*Surkhay ibn Garai-Bek, Khan (1700–1741) :*Murtazali ibn Surkhay, Khan (1741–1743) :*Muhammad ibn Surkhay, Khan (1743–1789) :*Surkhay ibn Muhammad, Khan (1789–1820) ==Oceania==

Chile: Easter Island • Easter Island (complete list) – :*Marama Ariki, King (c.1600) :*Riu Tupa Hotu (Nui Tupa Hotu?), King (?) :*Toko Te Rangi, King (?) :*Kao Aroaro (Re Kauu?), King (?) :*Mataivi, King (?) :*Kao Hoto, King (?) French Polynesia • Uvea (complete list) – :*Takumasiva, King (17th century) :*Pou, King (17th century) :*Tuakalau, King (17th century) :*Eiki, King (17th century) :*Tuiuvea, King (17th century) :*Lilo-kaivale, King (17th century) Tonga • Tuʻi Tonga Empire (complete list) – :*Moʻunga ʻo Tonga, King (?) :*Fotofili, King (fl.1643) :*Vaea, King (?) :*Moeakiola, King (?) :*Tatafu, King (?) United States: Hawaii • Island of Hawaiʻi (complete list) – :*Kaikilani, supreme high chief (female) (1575–1605) :*Keakealanikane, Aliʻi Aimoku (1605–1635) :*Keakamāhana, supreme high chief (female) (1635–1665) :*Keakealaniwahine, supreme high chief (female) (1665–1695) :*Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku, co-ruler with his half-sister wife Kalanikauleleiaiwi (1695–1725) • Kauai (complete list) – :*Kawelo a Maihunaliʻi, usurper King (c.1640–1650) ==See also==