MarketDecember 15
Company Profile

December 15

December 15 is the 349th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 16 days remain until the end of the year.

Events
Pre-1600533Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum. • 687Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes Paschal and Theodore. • 1025Constantine VIII becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire, 63 years after being crowned co-emperor. • 1161Jin–Song wars: Military officers conspire against the emperor Wanyan Liang of the Jin dynasty after a military defeat at the Battle of Caishi, and assassinate the emperor at his camp. • 1167Sicilian Chancellor Stephen du Perche moves the royal court to Messina to prevent a rebellion. • 1256Mongol forces under Hulagu enter and dismantle the Nizari Ismaili (Assassin) stronghold at Alamut Castle (in present-day Iran) as part of their offensive on Islamic southwest Asia. • 1270 – The Nizari Ismaili garrison of Gerdkuh, Persia surrender after 17 years to the Mongols. • 1467Stephen III of Moldavia defeats Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, with the latter being injured thrice, at the Battle of Baia. • 1546 – The town of Ekenäs () is founded by King Gustav Vasa of Sweden. 1601–19001651Castle Cornet in Guernsey, the last stronghold which had supported the King in the Third English Civil War, surrenders. • 1778American Revolutionary War: British and French fleets clash in the Battle of St. Lucia. • 1791 – The United States Bill of Rights becomes law when ratified by the Virginia General Assembly. • 1836 – The U.S. Patent Office building in Washington, D.C., nearly burns to the ground, destroying all 9,957 patents issued by the federal government to that date, as well as 7,000 related patent models. • 1862American Civil War: The Battle of Fredericksburg ends in a Union defeat as General Ambrose Burnside withdraws the Army of the Potomac across the Rappahannock River. • 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Nashville begins at Nashville, Tennessee, and ends the following day with the destruction of the Confederate Army of Tennessee under General John Bell Hood as a fighting force by the Union Army of the Cumberland under General George H. Thomas. • 1869 – The short-lived Republic of Ezo is proclaimed in the Ezo area of Japan. It is the first attempt to establish a democracy in Japan. • 1871 – Sixteen-year-old telegraphist Ella Stewart keys and sends the first telegraphed message from Arizona Territory at the Deseret Telegraph Company office in Pipe Spring. • 1890Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed on Standing Rock Indian Reservation, leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre. • 1893Symphony No. 9 ("From the New World" the "New World Symphony") by Antonín Dvořák premieres in a public afternoon rehearsal at Carnegie Hall in New York City, followed by a concert premiere on the evening of December 16. • 1899British Army forces are defeated at the Battle of Colenso in Natal, South Africa, the third and final battle fought during the Black Week of the Second Boer War. 1901–present1903Italian American food cart vendor Italo Marchiony receives a U.S. patent for inventing a machine that makes ice cream cones. • 1905 – The Pushkin House is established in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to preserve the cultural heritage of Alexander Pushkin. • 1906 – The London Underground's Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway opens. • 1914World War I: The Serbian Army recaptures Belgrade from the invading Austro-Hungarian Army. • 1914A gas explosion at Mitsubishi Hōjō coal mine, in Kyushu, Japan, kills 687. • 1917 – World War I: An armistice between Russia and the Central Powers is signed. • 1933Anarchist insurrection suppressed in Zaragoza, Spain. • 1939Gone with the Wind (highest inflation adjusted grossing film) receives its premiere at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. • 1941The Holocaust in Ukraine: German troops murder over 15,000 Jews at Drobytsky Yar, a ravine southeast of the city of Kharkiv. • 1942World War II: The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse begins during the Guadalcanal campaign. • 1943 – World War II: The Battle of Arawe begins during the New Britain campaign. • 1944 – World War II: a single-engine UC-64A Norseman aeroplane carrying United States Army Air Forces Major Glenn Miller is lost in a flight over the English Channel. • 1945Occupation of Japan/Shinto Directive: General Douglas MacArthur orders that Shinto be abolished as the state religion of Japan. • 1960Richard Pavlick is arrested for plotting to assassinate U.S. President-Elect John F. Kennedy. • 1960 – King Mahendra of Nepal suspends the country's constitution, dissolves parliament, dismisses the cabinet, and imposes direct rule. • 1961Eichmann trial: Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death after being found guilty by an Israeli court of 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people, and membership of an outlawed organization. • 1965Project Gemini: Gemini 6A, crewed by Wally Schirra and Thomas Stafford, is launched from Cape Kennedy, Florida. Four orbits later, it achieves the first space rendezvous, with Gemini 7. • 1967 – The Silver Bridge collapses, killing 46 people. • 1970 – Soviet spacecraft Venera 7 successfully lands on Venus. It is the first successful soft landing on another planet. • 1973John Paul Getty III, grandson of American billionaire J. Paul Getty, is found alive near Naples, Italy, after being kidnapped by an Italian gang on July 10. • 1973 – The American Psychiatric Association votes 13–0 to remove homosexuality from its official list of psychiatric disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. • 1978 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will recognize the People's Republic of China and sever diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan). • 1981 – A suicide car bombing targeting the Iraqi embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, levels the embassy and kills 61 people, including Iraq's ambassador to Lebanon. The attack is considered the first modern suicide bombing. • 1989Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights relating the abolition of capital punishment is adopted. • 1993The Troubles: The Downing Street Declaration is issued by British Prime Minister John Major and Irish Taoiseach Albert Reynolds. • 1997Tajikistan Airlines Flight 3183 crashes in the desert near Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, killing 85. • 2000 – The third reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is shut down. • 2001 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa reopens after 11 years and $27,000,000 spent to stabilize it, without fixing its famous lean. • 2005 – Introduction of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor into USAF active service. • 2010 – A boat carrying 90 asylum seekers crashes into rocks off the coast of Christmas Island, Australia, killing 48 people. • 2013 – The South Sudanese Civil War begins when opposition leaders Dr. Riek Machar, Pagan Amum and Rebecca Nyandeng vote to boycott the meeting of the National Liberation Council at Nyakuron. • 2014 – Gunman Man Haron Monis takes 18 hostages inside a café in Martin Place for 16 hours in Sydney. Monis and two hostages are killed when police raid the café the following morning. • 2017 – A 6.5earthquake strikes the Indonesian island of Java in the city of Tasikmalaya, resulting in four deaths. ==Births==
Births
Pre-1600AD 37Nero, Roman emperor (died 68) • 130Lucius Verus, Roman emperor (died 169) • 1242Prince Munetaka, Japanese shōgun (died 1274) • 1447Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria (died 1508) • 1567Christoph Demantius, German composer, poet, and theorist (died 1643) 1601–19001610David Teniers the Younger, Flemish painter (died 1690) • 1657Michel Richard Delalande, French organist and composer (died 1726) • 1686Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish violinist and composer (died 1746) • 1710Francesco Zahra, Maltese painter (died 1773) • 1789Carlos Soublette, Venezuelan general and politician, 11th President of Venezuela (died 1870) • 1832Gustave Eiffel, French architect and engineer, co-designed the Eiffel Tower (died 1923) • 1837E. W. Bullinger, English minister, scholar, and theologian (died 1913) • 1846Amunda Kolderup, Norwegian opera singer (died 1882) • 1852Henri Becquerel, French physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1908) • 1859L. L. Zamenhof, Polish linguist and ophthalmologist, created Esperanto (died 1917) • 1860Niels Ryberg Finsen, Faroese-Danish physician and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1904) • 1860 – Abner Powell, American baseball player and manager (died 1953) • 1861Charles Duryea, American engineer and businessman, co-founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company (died 1938) • 1861 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finnish lawyer, judge, and politician, 3rd President of Finland (died 1944) • 1863Arthur Dehon Little, American chemist and engineer (died 1935) • 1869Leon Marchlewski, Polish chemist and academic (died 1946) • 1875Emilio Jacinto, Filipino journalist and activist (died 1899) • 1878Hans Carossa, German author and poet (died 1956) • 1885Leonid Pitamic, Slovenian lawyer, philosopher, and academic (died 1971) • 1886Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz, Polish politician and resistance fighter (died 1968) • 1886 – Florence Jepperson Madsen, American contralto singer and professor of music (died 1977) • 1888Maxwell Anderson, American journalist and playwright (died 1959) • 1890Harry Babcock, American pole vaulter (died 1965) • 1891A.P. Carter, American country singer-songwriter and musician (died 1960) • 1892J. Paul Getty, American-English businessman and art collector, founded Getty Oil (died 1976) • 1894Vibert Douglas, Canadian astrophysicist and astronomer (died 1988) • 1894 – Josef Imbach, Swiss sprinter (died 1964) • 1896Betty Smith, American author and playwright (died 1972) • 1899Harold Abrahams, English sprinter, lawyer, and journalist (died 1978) 1901–present1902Robert F. Bradford, American lawyer and politician, 57th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1983) • 1903Tamanishiki San'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 32nd Yokozuna (died 1938) • 1907Gordon Douglas, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1993) • 1907 – Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect, designed the United Nations Headquarters and the Cathedral of Brasília (died 2012) • 1908Swami Ranganathananda, Indian monk, scholar, and author (died 2005) • 1909Sattar Bahlulzade, Azerbaijani-Russian painter (died 1974) • 1909 – Eliza Atkins Gleason, American librarian (died 2009) • 1910John Hammond, American record producer and critic (died 1987) • 1911Nicholas P. Dallis, American psychiatrist and illustrator (died 1991) • 1911 – Stan Kenton, American pianist and composer (died 1979) • 1913Roger Gaudry, Canadian chemist and businessman (died 2001) • 1913 – Muriel Rukeyser, American poet, academic, and activist (died 1980) • 1915Eila Campbell, English geographer and cartographer (died 1994) • 1916Miguel Arraes, Brazilian lawyer and politician, Governor of Pernambuco (died 2005) • 1916 – Buddy Cole, American pianist and conductor (died 1964) • 1916 – Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-English physicist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2004) • 1917Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Indian-Pakistani linguist and lexicographer (died 2005) • 1918Jeff Chandler, American actor (died 1961) • 1918 – Chihiro Iwasaki, Japanese painter and illustrator (died 1974) • 1919Max Yasgur, American dairy farmer and host of the Woodstock Music & Art Fair (died 1973) • 1920Gamal al-Banna, Egyptian author and scholar (died 2013) • 1920 – Kurt Schaffenberger, German-American sergeant and illustrator (died 2002) • 1921Alan Freed, American radio host (died 1965) • 1923Pierre Cossette, American producer and manager (died 2009) • 1923 – Freeman Dyson, English-American physicist and mathematician (died 2020) • 1923 – Uziel Gal, German-Israeli engineer, designed the Uzi gun (died 2002) • 1923 – Valentin Varennikov, Russian general and politician (died 2009) • 1924Frank W. J. Olver, English-American mathematician and academic (died 2013) • 1924 – Ruhi Sarıalp, Turkish triple jumper and educator (died 2001) • 1925Kasey Rogers, American actress and author (died 2006) • 1926Bill Pitt, Australian race car driver (died 2017) • 1928Ernest Ashworth, American singer-songwriter (died 2009) • 1928 – Ida Haendel, Polish-English violinist and educator (died 2020) • 1928 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian-New Zealand painter and architect (died 2000) • 1930Edna O'Brien, Irish novelist, playwright, poet and short story writer (died 2024) • 1931Klaus Rifbjerg, Danish author and poet (died 2015) • 1932Jesse Belvin, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1960) • 1932 – John Meurig Thomas, Welsh chemist and academic (died 2020) • 1933Bapu, Indian director and screenwriter (died 2014) • 1933 – Tim Conway, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 2019) • 1933 – Donald Woods, South African journalist and activist (died 2001) • 1936Joe D'Amato, Italian director and producer (died 1999) • 1938Michael Bogdanov, Welsh director and screenwriter (died 2017) • 1938 – Billy Shaw, American football player (died 2024) • 1939Cindy Birdsong, American singer-songwriter • 1946 – Comunardo Niccolai, Italian footballer (Torres, Cagliari, national team) (died 2024) • 1948Cassandra Harris, Australian actress (died 1991) • 1948 – Charlie Scott, American basketball player • 1949Don Johnson, American actor • 1949 – Brian Roper, English economist and academic • 1950Melanie Chartoff, American actress and comedian • 1972 – Stuart Townsend, Irish actor • 1976 – Aaron Miles, American baseball player and coach • 1976 – Todd Tichenor, American baseball player and umpire • 1977Mehmet Aurélio, Brazilian-Turkish footballer and manager • 1977 – Geoff Stults, American actor and producer • 1978Ned Brower, American drummer • 1978 – Mark Jansen, Dutch guitarist and songwriter • 1978 – Jerome McDougle, American football player • 1979Adam Brody, American actor • 1983Delon Armitage, Trinidadian-English rugby player • 1983 – René Duprée, Canadian professional wrestler • 1983 – Camilla Luddington, English actress • 1984Martyn Bernard, English high jumper • 1984 – Martin Škrtel, Slovak footballer • 1985Diogo Fernandes, Brazilian footballer • 1986Kim Junsu, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer • 1986 – Iveta Mazáčová, Czech sprinter • 1986 – Keylor Navas, Costa Rican footballer • 1986 – Snejana Onopka, Ukrainian model • 1987Josh Norman, American football player • 1988Erik Gustafsson, Swedish ice hockey player • 1988 – Emily Head, English actress • 1988 – Steven Nzonzi, French footballer • 1989Nichole Bloom, American actress and model • 1991Conor Daly, American race car driver • 1991 – Yanni Gourde, Canadian ice hockey player • 1991 – Alana Haim, American musician and actress • 1992 – Alex Telles, Brazilian footballer • 1993Daniel Ochefu, American basketball player • 1995Jahlil Okafor, American basketball player • 1996Jenifer Brening, German singer • 1996 – Oleksandr Zinchenko, Ukrainian footballer • 1997Maude Apatow, American actress • 1997 – Stefania LaVie Owen, New Zealand-American actress • 1998Chandler Canterbury, American actor • 2000Kayvon Thibodeaux, American football player ==Deaths==
Deaths
Pre-1600933Li Siyuan, Chinese emperor (born 867) • 1025Basil II, Byzantine emperor (born 958) • 1072Alp Arslan, Turkish sultan (born 1029) • 1161Wanyan Liang, Chinese emperor (born 1122) • 1230Ottokar I, duke of Bohemia (born 1155) • 1283Philip I, Latin emperor (born 1243) • 1343Hasan Kucek, Chopanid prince (born c. 1319) • 1467Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, archbishop and regent of Sweden (born 1417) • 1574Selim II, Ottoman sultan (born 1524) • 1598Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde, Dutch nobleman (born 1540) 1601–19001621Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French courtier, Constable of France (born 1578) • 1673Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English noblewoman (born 1623) • 1675Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter and educator (born 1632) • 1683Izaak Walton, English author (born 1593) • 1688Gaspar Fagel, Dutch lawyer and politician (born 1634) • 1698 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French nobleman (born 1636) • 1715George Hickes, English minister and scholar (born 1642) • 1753Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect and politician, designed Chiswick House (born 1694) • 1792Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish pianist, violinist, and composer (born 1756) • 1812Shneur Zalman, Russian rabbi, author and founder of Chabad (born 1745) • 1817Federigo Zuccari, astronomer, director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples (born 1783) • 1819Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (born 1749) • 1855Jacques Charles François Sturm, French mathematician and academic (born 1803) • 1878Alfred Bird, English chemist and businessman, invented baking powder (born 1811) • 1890Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Lakota tribal chief (born 1831) 1901–present1943Fats Waller, American singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1904) • 1944Glenn Miller, American bandleader and composer (born 1904) • 1947Arthur Machen, Welsh journalist and author (born 1863) • 1947 – Crawford Vaughan, Australian politician, 27th Premier of South Australia (born 1874) • 1950Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Deputy Prime Minister of India (born 1875) • 1958Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian-Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1900) • 1962Charles Laughton, English-American actor, director, and producer (born 1899) • 1965M. Balasundaram, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and politician (born 1903) • 1966Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Indian-Scottish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (born 1897) • 1966 – Walt Disney, American animator, director, producer, and screenwriter, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (born 1901) • 1968Antonio Barrette, Canadian politician, 18th Premier of Quebec (born 1899) • 1968 – Jess Willard, American boxer and actor (born 1881) • 1969Karl Theodor Bleek, German lawyer and politician, 12th Mayor of Marburg (born 1898) • 1971Paul Lévy, French mathematician and theorist (born 1886) • 1974Anatole Litvak, Russian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1902) • 1977Wilfred Kitching, English 7th General of The Salvation Army (born 1893) • 1978Chill Wills, American actor (born 1903) • 1980Peter Gregg, American race car driver (born 1940) • 1984Jan Peerce, American tenor and actor (born 1904) • 1985Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Mauritian physician and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Mauritius (born 1900) • 1986Serge Lifar, Russian-French ballet dancer and choreographer (born 1905) • 1989Edward Underdown, English actor and jockey (born 1908) • 1991Vasily Zaytsev, Russian captain (born 1915) • 1993William Dale Phillips, American chemist and engineer (born 1925) • 2000Haris Brkić, Bosnian-Serbian basketball player (born 1974) • 2003Vincent Apap, Maltese sculptor (born 1909) • 2003 – George Fisher, American cartoonist (born 1923) • 2003 – Keith Magnuson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1947) • 2004Vassal Gadoengin, Nauruan educator and politician, Speaker of the Nauru Parliament (born 1943) • 2005Heinrich Gross, Austrian physician and psychiatrist (born 1914) • 2005 – Stan Leonard, Canadian golfer (born 1915) • 2005 – William Proxmire, American soldier, journalist, and politician (born 1915) • 2005 – Darrell Russell, American football player (born 1976) • 2006Clay Regazzoni, Swiss race car driver (born 1939) • 2006 – Mary Stolz, American journalist and author (born 1920) • 2007Julia Carson, American lawyer and politician (born 1938) • 2008León Febres Cordero, Ecuadorian engineer and politician, 46th President of Ecuador (born 1931) • 2009Eliza Atkins Gleason, American librarian (born 1909) • 2017 – Calestous Juma, academic (born 1953) • 2018Eryue He, Chinese historical fiction writer (born 1945) • 2018Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (born 1924) • 2020Saufatu Sopoanga, Tuvaluan politician, 8th Prime Minister of Tuvalu (born 1952) • 2024Zakir Hussain, Indian tabla player, musical producer, film actor and composer (born 1951) • 2025William J. Bauer, senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in Chicago and previously a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, (born 1926) ==Holidays and observances==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com