March 26

Pre-1600 • 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. • 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. • 752 – Election of Pope Stephen II following the death of Pope Zachary. • 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is announced, along with the succession of his son, al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah. • 1027 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. • 1169 – Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt. • 1244 – The crown of Aragon and the crown of Castile agree in the Treaty of Almizra on the limits of their respective expansion into al-Andalus. • 1344 – The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end. • 1351 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights call out and defeat thirty English knights. • 1484 – William Caxton prints his translation of ''Aesop's Fables''. • 1552 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru. 1601–1900 • 1636 – Utrecht University is founded in the Netherlands. • 1640 – The Royal Academy of Turku, the first university of Finland, is founded in the city of Turku by Queen Christina of Sweden at the proposal of Count Per Brahe. • 1651 – The silver-loaded Spanish ship San José, pushed south by strong winds, is wrecked on the coast of southern Chile and its surviving crew members are killed by indigenous Cuncos. • 1697 – Safavid government troops take control of Basra. • 1700 – William Dampier is the first European to circumnavigate New Britain, discovering it is an island (which he names Nova Britannia) rather than part of New Guinea. • 1812 – An earthquake devastates Caracas, Venezuela. • 1812 – A political cartoon in the Boston-Gazette coins the term "gerrymander" to describe oddly shaped electoral districts designed to help incumbents win reelection. • 1830 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York. • 1839 – The first Henley Royal Regatta is held. • 1871 – The elections of Commune council of the Paris Commune are held. • 1885 – The Métis people of the District of Saskatchewan under Louis Riel begin the North-West Rebellion against Canada. • 1896 – An explosion at the Brunner Mine near Greymouth, New Zealand, kills 65 coal miners in the country's worst industrial accident. 1901–present • 1913 – First Balkan War: Bulgarian forces capture Adrianople. • 1915 – The Vancouver Millionaires win the 1915 Stanley Cup Final, the first championship played between the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the National Hockey Association. • 1917 – World War I: First Battle of Gaza: British troops are halted after 17,000 Turks block their advance. • 1922 – The German Social Democratic Party is founded in Poland. • 1931 – Swissair is founded as the national airline of Switzerland. • 1931 – Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is founded in Vietnam. • 1934 – The United Kingdom driving test is introduced. • 1939 – Spanish Civil War: Nationalists begin their final offensive of the war. • 1942 – The Holocaust: The first female prisoners arrive at Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland. • 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends as the island is officially secured by American forces. • 1954 – Nuclear weapons testing: The Romeo shot of Operation Castle is detonated at Bikini Atoll. Yield: 11 megatons. • 1955 – Pan Am Flight 845/26 ditches in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Oregon, killing four. • 1958 – The United States Army launches Explorer 3. • 1958 – The African Regroupment Party is launched at a meeting in Paris. • 1967 – Ten thousand people gather for one of many Central Park be-ins in New York City. • 1970 – South Vietnamese President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu implements a land reform program to solve the problem of land tenancy. • 1971 – East Pakistan, then a province of Pakistan, declares its independence from Pakistan to form Bangladesh; the Bangladesh War of Independence begins. • 1975 – The Biological Weapons Convention comes into force. • 1979 – Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin and Jimmy Carter sign the Egypt–Israel peace treaty in Washington, D.C. • 1979 – An Interflug Ilyushin Il-18 crashes at Quatro de Fevereiro Airport during a rejected takeoff, killing 10. • 1981 – Social Democratic Party (UK) is founded as a party. • 1982 – A groundbreaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, D.C. • 1991 – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur, the South Common Market. • 1991 – Singapore Airlines Flight 117 is hijacked by four Pakistani terrorists and diverted to Changi Airport. • 1997 – Thirty-nine bodies are found in the Heaven's Gate mass suicides. • 1998 – During the Algerian Civil War, the Oued Bouaicha massacre sees fifty-two people, mostly infants, killed with axes and knives. • 2005 – Around 200,000 to 300,000 Taiwanese demonstrate in Taipei in opposition to the Anti-Secession Law of China. • 2010 – The South Korean Navy corvette Cheonan is torpedoed, killing 46 sailors. After an international investigation, the President of the United Nations Security Council blames North Korea. • 2017 – Russia-wide anti-corruption protests in 99 cities. The Levada Center survey showed that 38% of surveyed Russians supported protests and that 67 percent held Putin personally responsible for high-level corruption. • 2024 – The Francis Scott Key Bridge collapses following a collision between the MV Dali container ship and one of the bridge's support pillars, killing six people. ==Births==

Pre-1600 • 1516 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss botanist and zoologist (died 1565) • 1554 – Charles of Lorraine, duke of Mayenne (died 1611) • 1584 – John II, duke of Zweibrücken (died 1635) 1601–1900 • 1633 – Mary Beale, British artist (died 1699) • 1634 – Domenico Freschi, Italian priest and composer (died 1710) • 1656 – Nicolaas Hartsoeker, Dutch mathematician and physicist (died 1725) • 1687 – Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, queen consort of Prussia (died 1757) • 1698 – Prokop Diviš, Czech priest, scientist and inventor (died 1765) • 1749 – William Blount, American politician (died 1800) • 1753 – Benjamin Thompson, American-French physicist and politician, Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies (died 1814) • 1773 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician and navigator (died 1838) • 1794 – Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, German painter (died 1872) • 1804 – David Humphreys Storer, American physician and academic (died 1891) • 1824 – Julie-Victoire Daubié, French journalist (died 1874) • 1829 – Théodore Aubanel, French poet (died 1886) • 1829 – Georg Andreas Bull, Norwegian architect (died 1917) • 1830 – Dewitt Clinton Senter, American politician, 18th Governor of Tennessee (died 1898) • 1842 – Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre, French occultist (died 1909) • 1850 – Edward Bellamy, American author, socialist, and utopian visionary (died 1898) • 1852 – Élémir Bourges, French author (died 1925) • 1854 – Maurice Lecoq, French target shooter (died 1925) • 1856 – William Massey, Irish-New Zealand farmer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1925) • 1857 – Théodore Tuffier, French surgeon (died 1929) • 1859 – A. E. Housman, English poet and scholar (died 1936) • 1859 – Adolf Hurwitz, German-Swiss mathematician and academic (died 1919) • 1860 – André Prévost, French tennis player (died 1919) • 1866 – Fred Karno, English producer and manager (died 1941) • 1868 – King Fuad I of Egypt (died 1936) • 1873 – Dorothea Bleek, South African-German anthropologist and philologist (died 1948) • 1874 – Robert Frost, American poet and playwright (died 1963) • 1875 – Max Abraham, Polish-German physicist and academic (died 1922) • 1875 – Syngman Rhee, South Korean journalist and politician, 1st President of South Korea (died 1965) • 1876 – William of Wied, prince of Albania (died 1945) • 1876 – Kate Richards O'Hare, American Socialist Party activist and editor (died 1948) • 1879 – Othmar Ammann, Swiss-American engineer, designed the George Washington Bridge and Verrazzano–Narrows Bridge (died 1965) • 1879 – Waldemar Tietgens, German rower (died 1917) • 1881 – Guccio Gucci, Italian fashion designer, founded Gucci (died 1953) • 1882 – Hermann Obrecht, Swiss politician (died 1940) • 1884 – Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist and educator (died 1969) • 1884 – Georges Imbert, French chemical engineer and inventor (died 1950) • 1886 – Hugh Mulzac, Vincentian-American soldier and politician (died 1971) • 1888 – Elsa Brändström, Swedish nurse and philanthropist (died 1948) • 1893 – James Bryant Conant, American chemist, academic, and diplomat, 1st United States Ambassador to West Germany (died 1978) • 1893 – Palmiro Togliatti, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Justice (died 1964) • 1894 – Viorica Ursuleac, Ukrainian-Romanian soprano and actress (died 1985) • 1895 – Vilho Tuulos, Finnish triple jumper (died 1967) • 1898 – Rudolf Dassler, German businessman, founded Puma SE (died 1974) • 1898 – Charles Shadwell, English conductor and bandleader (died 1979) • 1900 – Angela Maria Autsch, German nun, died in Auschwitz helping Jewish prisoners (died 1941) 1901–present • 1904 – Joseph Campbell, American mythologist and author (died 1987) • 1904 – Emilio Fernández, Mexican actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1986) • 1904 – Attilio Ferraris, Italian footballer (died 1947) • 1904 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek economist and Prime Minister of Greece (died 2004) • 1905 – Monty Berman, English cinematographer and producer (died 2006) • 1905 – André Cluytens, Belgian-French conductor and director (died 1967) • 1905 – Viktor Frankl, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (died 1997) • 1905 – Mona Williams, American novelist, short story writer and poet (died 1991) • 1906 – Rafael Méndez, Mexican trumpet player and composer (died 1981) • 1906 – H. Radclyffe Roberts, American entomologist and museum administrator (died 1982) • 1907 – Azellus Denis, Canadian lawyer and politician, Postmaster General of Canada (died 1991) • 1907 – Mahadevi Varma, Indian poet and activist (died 1987) • 1908 – Franz Stangl, Austrian-German SS officer, convicted Holocaust extermination camp commandant (died 1971) • 1909 – Chips Rafferty, Australian actor (died 1971) • 1909 – Héctor José Cámpora, former President of Argentina (died 1980) • 1910 – K. W. Devanayagam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 10th Sri Lankan Minister of Justice (died 2002) • 1911 – Lennart Atterwall, Swedish javelin thrower (died 2001) • 1911 – J. L. Austin, English philosopher and academic (died 1960) • 1911 – Bernard Katz, German-English biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2003) • 1911 – Tennessee Williams, American playwright and poet (died 1983) • 1913 – Jacqueline de Romilly, Franco-Greek philologist, author, and scholar (died 2010) • 1913 – Paul Erdős, Hungarian-Polish mathematician and academic (died 1996) • 1914 – Toru Kumon, Japanese mathematician and academic (died 1995) • 1914 – William Westmoreland, American general, commander during the Vietnam War (died 2005) • 1915 – Lennart Strandberg, Swedish sprinter (died 1989) • 1915 – Hwang Sun-won, North Korean author and poet (died 2000) • 1916 – Christian B. Anfinsen, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1995) • 1916 – Bill Edrich, English cricketer and footballer (died 1986) • 1916 – Sterling Hayden, American actor and author (died 1986) • 1917 – Rufus Thomas, American R&B singer-songwriter (died 2001) • 1919 – Strother Martin, American actor (died 1980) • 1919 – Roger Leger, Canadian ice hockey player (died 1965) • 1920 – Sergio Livingstone, Chilean footballer and journalist (died 2012) • 1922 – William Milliken, American politician, 44th Governor of Michigan (died 2019) • 1922 – Oscar Sala, Italian-Brazilian physicist and academic (died 2010) • 1922 – Guido Stampacchia, Italian mathematician and academic (died 1978) • 1923 – Gert Bastian, German general and politician (died 1992) • 1923 – Bob Elliott, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (died 2016) • 1925 – Maqsood Ahmed, Pakistani cricketer (died 1999) • 1925 – Pierre Boulez, French pianist, composer, and conductor (died 2016) • 1925 – Vesta Roy, American politician, Governor of New Hampshire (died 2002) • 1925 – Edward Graham, Baron Graham of Edmonton, English soldier and politician (died 2020) • 1925 – Ben Mondor, Canadian-American businessman (died 2010) • 1925 – James Moody, American saxophonist and composer (died 2010) • 1927 – Harold Chapman, English photographer (died 2022) • 1929 – Charles Dumont, French singer and composer (died 2024) • 1929 – Edward Sorel, American illustrator and caricaturist • 1929 – Edwin Turney, American businessman, co-founded Advanced Micro Devices (died 2008) • 1930 – Gregory Corso, American poet (died 2001) • 1930 – Sandra Day O'Connor, American lawyer and jurist (died 2023) • 1931 – Leonard Nimoy, American actor (died 2015) • 1932 – Leroy Griffith, American businessman • 1932 – James Andrew Harris, American chemist and academic (died 2000) • 1933 – Tinto Brass, Italian director and screenwriter • 1934 – Alan Arkin, American actor (died 2023) • 1934 – Edvaldo Alves de Santa Rosa, Brazilian footballer (died 2002) • 1937 – Wayne Embry, American basketball player and manager • 1937 – Barbara Jones, American sprinter • 1937 – James Lee, Canadian businessman and politician, 26th Premier of Prince Edward Island (died 2023) • 1938 – Norman Ackroyd, English painter and illustrator (died 2024) • 1938 – Anthony James Leggett, English-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2026) • 1940 – James Caan, American actor and singer (died 2022) • 1940 – Nancy Pelosi, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives • 1941 – Richard Dawkins, Kenyan-English ethologist, biologist, and academic • 1940 – Jörg Streli, Austrian architect (died 2019) • 1947 – Subhash Kak, Indian-American professor and author • 1947 – John Rowles, New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter • 1948 – Kyung-wha Chung, South Korean violinist and educator • 1948 – Richard Tandy, English pianist and keyboard player (died 2024) • 1948 – Steven Tyler, American singer-songwriter and actor • 1949 – Jon English, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (died 2016) • 1949 – Rudi Koertzen, South African cricketer and umpire (died 2022) • 1949 – Vicki Lawrence, American actress, comedian, talk show host, and singer • 1949 – Fran Sheehan, American bass player • 1949 – Patrick Süskind, German author and screenwriter • 1949 – Ernest Lee Thomas, American actor • 1950 – Teddy Pendergrass, American singer-songwriter (died 2010) • 1950 – Graham Barlow, English cricketer • 1950 – Martin Short, Canadian-American actor, screenwriter, and producer • 1950 – Alan Silvestri, American composer and conductor • 1951 – Željko Pavličević, Croatian professional basketball coach and former professional player • 1951 – Carl Wieman, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate • 1952 – Didier Pironi, French racing driver (died 1987) • 1953 – Lincoln Chafee, American academic and politician, 74th Governor of Rhode Island • 1953 – Elaine Chao, Taiwanese-American banker and politician, 24th United States Secretary of Labor • 1953 – Tatyana Providokhina, Russian runner • 1954 – Clive Palmer, Australian businessman and politician • 1954 – Curtis Sliwa, American talk show host and activist, founded Guardian Angels • 1954 – Dorothy Porter, Australian poet and playwright (died 2008) • 1956 – Charly McClain, American country music singer • 1956 – Park Won-soon, South Korean lawyer and politician, 35th Mayor of Seoul (died 2020) • 1957 – Fiona Bruce, Scottish lawyer and politician • 1957 – Leeza Gibbons, American talk show host and television personality • 1957 – Paul Morley, English journalist, producer, and author • 1957 – Shirin Neshat, Iranian visual artist • 1958 – Elio de Angelis, Italian racing driver (died 1986) • 1960 – Marcus Allen, American football player and sportscaster • 1960 – Jennifer Grey, American actress and dancer • 1960 – Graeme Rutjes, Australian-Dutch footballer • 1961 – William Hague, English historian and politician, First Secretary of State • 1962 – Richard Coles, English pianist, saxophonist, and priest • 1962 – Kevin Seitzer, American baseball player and coach • 1962 – Yuri Gidzenko, Russian pilot and cosmonaut • 1962 – John Stockton, American basketball player and coach • 1962 – Eric Allan Kramer, American-Canadian actor • 1963 – Natsuhiko Kyogoku, Japanese author • 1964 – Martin Bella, Australian rugby league player • 1964 – Martin Donnelly, Irish racing driver • 1964 – Maria Miller, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport • 1964 – Ulf Samuelsson, Swedish-American ice hockey player and coach • 1965 – Trey Azagthoth, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer • 1965 – Violeta Szekely, Romanian runner • 1966 – Michael Imperioli, American actor and screenwriter • 1967 – Jason Chaffetz, American politician • 1968 – Laurent Brochard, French cyclist • 1968 – Kenny Chesney, American singer-songwriter and guitarist • 1968 – James Iha, American guitarist and songwriter • 1969 – Alessandro Moscardi, Italian rugby player • 1970 – Paul Bosvelt, Dutch footballer • 1970 – Jelle Goes, Dutch footballer and coach • 1970 – Thomas Kyparissis, Greek footballer • 1970 – Martin McDonagh, English-born Irish playwright, screenwriter, and director • 1971 – Martyn Day, Scottish politician • 1971 – Erick Morillo, Colombian-American disc jockey, record label owner, and music producer (died 2020) • 1977 – Kevin Davies, English footballer • 1977 – Bianca Kajlich, American actress • 1977 – Sylvain Grenier, Canadian wrestler • 1978 – Anastasia Kostaki, Greek basketball player • 1979 – Nacho Novo, Spanish footballer • 1979 – Ben Blair, New Zealand rugby union footballer • 1979 – Hiromi Uehara, Japanese pianist and composer • 1979 – Pierre Womé, Cameroonian footballer • 1979 – Juliana Paes, Brazilian actress • 1980 – Margaret Brennan, American journalist • 1980 – Son Ho-young, South Korean singer • 1980 – Richie Wellens, English footballer • 1981 – Sébastien Centomo, Canadian ice hockey player • 1981 – Zayar Thaw, Burmese rapper and politician (died 2022) • 1981 – Baruch Dego, Ethiopian-Israeli footballer • 1981 – Massimo Donati, Italian footballer • 1981 – Josh Wilson, American baseball player • 1982 – Mikel Arteta, Spanish footballer • 1982 – Brendan Ryan, American baseball player • 1982 – Nate Kaeding, American football player • 1983 – Andreas Hinkel, German footballer • 1983 – Floriana Lima, American actress • 1983 – Roman Bednář, Czech footballer • 1983 – Mike Mondo, American wrestler • 1984 – Jimmy Howard, American ice hockey player • 1984 – Drew Mitchell, Australian rugby player • 1984 – Felix Neureuther, German skier • 1984 – Marco Stier, German footballer • 1984 – Gregory Strydom, Zimbabwean cricketer • 1984 – Sara Jean Underwood, American model, television host, and actress • 1985 – Keira Knightley, English actress • 1985 – Matt Grevers, American swimmer • 1985 – Jonathan Groff, American actor and singer • 1985 – Prosper Utseya, Zimbabwean cricketer • 1986 – Maxime Biset, Belgian footballer • 1986 – Rob Kearney, Irish rugby player • 1986 – Emma Laine, Finnish tennis player • 1987 – Kim Dong-suk, South Korean footballer • 1987 – Jermichael Finley, American football player • 1987 – Steven Fletcher, Scottish footballer • 1989 – Simon Kjær, Danish footballer • 1989 – Von Miller, American football player • 1990 – Choi Woo-shik, South Korean actor • 1990 – Matteo Guidicelli, Filipino actor, model, singer and former kart racer • 1990 – Patrick Ekeng, Cameroonian footballer (died 2016) • 1990 – Yuya Takaki, Japanese idol, singer, dancer, model and actor • 1990 – Xiumin, South Korean singer and actor • 1991 – Matt Davidson, American baseball player • 1991 – Ramy Youssef, American actor and comedian • 1992 – Nina Agdal, Danish model • 1992 – Stoffel Vandoorne, Belgian racing driver • 1994 – Ryan Arcidiacono, American basketball player • 1994 – Alison Van Uytvanck, Belgian tennis player • 1994 – Paige VanZant, American mixed martial artist and model • 1994 – Jed Wallace, English footballer • 1994 – Marcela Zacarías, Mexican tennis player • 1995 – Ibai Llanos, Spanish internet personality • 1996 – Zane Musgrove, New Zealand rugby league player • 1996 – Kathryn Bernardo, Filipino actress • 1998 – Satoko Miyahara, Japanese figure skater • 2000 – Gefen Primo, Israeli judoka • 2000 – Andrei Svechnikov, Russian ice hockey player • 2001 – Jameson Williams, American football player • 2003 – Bhad Bhabie, American rapper and social media personality • 2004 – Awra Briguela, Filipino actor and comedian • 2005 – Ella Anderson, American actress • 2007 – Jesús Fortea, Spanish footballer ==Deaths==

Pre-1600 • 752 – Pope-elect Stephen • 809 – Ludger, Frisian missionary • 903 – Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese poet • 908 – Ai, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (born 892) • 922 – Mansur Al-Hallaj, Persian mystic and poet (born 858) • 929 – Wang Du, Chinese warlord and governor (jiedushi) • 973 – Guntram ("the Rich"), Frankish nobleman • 983 – 'Adud al-Dawla, Iranian ruler (born 936) • 1091 – Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, Andalusian poet • 1130 – Sigurd the Crusader, Norwegian king (born 1090) • 1132 – Geoffrey of Vendôme, French cardinal and theologian (born 1065) • 1212 – Sancho I of Portugal (born 1154) • 1242 – William de Forz, 3rd Earl of Albemarle • 1324 – Marie de Luxembourg, Queen of France (born 1304) • 1326 – Alessandra Giliani, anatomist (born c. 1307) • 1350 – Alfonso XI of Castile (born 1312) • 1402 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland (born 1378) • 1437 – Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, Scottish nobleman and regicide • 1517 – Heinrich Isaac, Flemish composer (born 1450) • 1535 – Georg Tannstetter, Austrian mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (born 1482) • 1546 – Thomas Elyot, English scholar and diplomat (born 1490) • 1566 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish organist and composer (born 1510) 1601–1900 • 1625 – Giambattista Marini, Italian poet (born 1569) • 1649 – John Winthrop, English lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony • 1679 – Johannes Schefferus, Swedish historian and author (born 1621) • 1697 – Godfrey McCulloch, Scottish politician (born 1640) • 1726 – John Vanbrugh, English playwright and architect, designed Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard (born 1664) • 1772 – Charles Pinot Duclos, French author and politician (born 1704) • 1776 – Samuel Ward, American politician, 31st and 33rd Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (born 1725) • 1780 – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (born 1713) • 1793 – John Mudge, English physician and engineer (born 1721) • 1797 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist and physician (born 1726) • 1814 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French physician and politician (born 1738) • 1827 – Ludwig van Beethoven, German pianist and composer (born 1770) • 1858 – John Addison Thomas, American lieutenant, engineer, and politician, 3rd United States Assistant Secretary of State (born 1811) • 1862 – Uriah P. Levy, American commander (born 1792) • 1881 – Roman Sanguszko, Polish general and activist (born 1800) • 1881 – Old Abe, 8th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment Mascot (born 1861) • 1885 – Anson Stager, American general and businessman, co-founded Western Union (born 1825) • 1888 – Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar (born 1837) • 1892 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and journalist (born 1819) 1901–present • 1902 – Cecil Rhodes, English-South African colonialist, businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (born 1853) • 1905 – Maurice Barrymore, American actor (born 1849) • 1910 – Auguste Charlois, French astronomer (born 1864) • 1920 – William Chester Minor, American surgeon and lexicographer (born 1834) • 1923 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress and screenwriter (born 1844) • 1926 – Constantin Fehrenbach, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1852) • 1931 – Joseph Dutton, assisted Father Damien on the island of Molokai for 45 years. • 1932 – Henry M. Leland, American machinist, inventor, engineer, automotive entrepreneur and founder of Cadillac and Lincoln (born 1843) • 1934 – John Biller, American jumper and discus thrower (born 1877) • 1940 – Wilhelm Anderson, German-Estonian astrophysicist (born 1880) • 1940 – Spyridon Louis, Greek runner (born 1873) • 1942 – Jimmy Burke, American baseball player and manager (born 1874) • 1942 – Carolyn Wells, American novelist and poet (born 1862) • 1945 – David Lloyd George, English-Welsh lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1863) • 1951 – James F. Hinkle, American banker and politician, 6th Governor of New Mexico (born 1864) • 1954 – Charles Perrin, French rower (born 1875) • 1957 – Édouard Herriot, French politician, Prime Minister of France (born 1872) • 1957 – Max Ophüls, German-American director and screenwriter (born 1902) • 1958 – Phil Mead, English cricketer and footballer (born 1887) • 1959 – Raymond Chandler, American crime novelist and screenwriter (born 1888) • 1965 - Alice Herz, German peace activist who self-immolated in protest of U.S. imperialism (born 1882) 1 • 1966 – Victor Hochepied, French swimmer (born 1883) • 1966 – Cyril Hume, American novelist and screenwriter (born 1900) • 1969 – John Kennedy Toole, American novelist (born 1937) • 1973 – Noël Coward, English playwright, actor, and composer (born 1899) • 1973 – Johnny Drake, American football player (born 1916) • 1979 – Beauford Delaney, American-French painter (born 1901) • 1979 – Jean Stafford, American author and academic (born 1915) • 1980 – Roland Barthes, French linguist and critic (born 1915) • 1983 – Anthony Blunt, English historian and spy (born 1907) • 1984 – Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea (born 1922) • 1987 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (born 1902) • 1987 – Walter Abel, American actor (born 1898) • 1990 – Halston, American fashion designer (born 1932) • 1992 – Barbara Frum, American-Canadian journalist and radio host (born 1937) • 1993 – Louis Falco, American dancer and choreographer (born 1942) • 1995 – Eazy-E, American rapper and producer (born 1964) • 1996 – Edmund Muskie, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 58th United States Secretary of State (born 1914) • 1996 – David Packard, American engineer and businessman, co-founded Hewlett-Packard (born 1912) • 1996 – John Snagge, English journalist (born 1904) • 2000 – Alex Comfort, English physician and author (born 1920) • 2002 – Randy Castillo, American drummer and songwriter (born 1950) • 2003 – Daniel Patrick Moynihan, American sociologist and politician, 12th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (born 1927) • 2004 – Jan Sterling, American actress (born 1921) • 2005 – James Callaghan, English lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1912) • 2005 – Frederick Rotimi Williams, Nigerian lawyer and politician (born 1920) • 2006 – Anil Biswas, Indian journalist and politician (born 1944) • 2006 – Paul Dana, American racing driver (born 1975) • 2006 – Nikki Sudden, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1956) • 2008 – Robert Fagles, American poet and academic (born 1933) • 2008 – Manuel Marulanda, Colombian rebel leader (born 1930) • 2009 – Shane McConkey, Canadian skier and BASE jumper (born 1969) • 2009 – Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and composer (born 1926) • 2010 – Charles Ryskamp, American art collector and curator (born 1928) • 2011 – Roger Abbott, English-Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter (born 1946) • 2011 – Geraldine Ferraro, American lawyer and politician (born 1935) • 2011 – Diana Wynne Jones, English author (born 1934) • 2012 – Sisto Averno, American football player (born 1925) • 2012 – Michael Begley, Irish carpenter and politician (born 1932) • 2012 – Thomas M. Cover, American theorist and academic (born 1938) • 2012 – David Craighead, American organist and educator (born 1924) • 2012 – Manik Godghate, Indian poet and educator (born 1937) • 2012 – Helmer Ringgren, Swedish theologian and academic (born 1917) • 2013 – Tom Boerwinkle, American basketball player and sportscaster (born 1945) • 2013 – Krzysztof Kozłowski, Polish journalist and politician, Polish Minister of Interior (born 1931) • 2013 – Dave Leggett, American football player (born 1933) • 2013 – Don Payne, American screenwriter and producer (born 1964) • 2014 – Roger Birkman, American psychologist and author (born 1919) • 2014 – Dick Guidry, American businessman and politician (born 1929) • 2014 – Marcus Kimball, Baron Kimball, English politician (born 1928) • 2015 – Dinkha IV, Iraqi patriarch (born 1935) • 2015 – Friedrich L. Bauer, German mathematician, computer scientist, and academic (born 1924) • 2015 – Tomas Tranströmer, Swedish poet, translator, and psychologist Nobel Prize laureate (born 1931) • 2016 – Jim Harrison, American novelist, essayist, and poet (born 1937) • 2018 – Fabrizio Frizzi, Italian television presenter (born 1958) • 2023 – María Kodama, Argentine writer and translator (born 1937) • 2023 – Innocent Vareed Thekkethala, Indian actor and politician (born 1948) • 2023 – Jacob Ziv, Israeli electrical engineer, developed the LZ family of compression algorithms (born 1931) • 2024 – Esther Coopersmith, American diplomat, UNESCO goodwill ambassador (born 1930) • 2026 – Noelia Castillo, Spanish woman who died after receiving euthanasia (born 2000) • 2026 – Mary Rand, English sprinter and long jumper (born 1940) • 2026 – Epeli Nailatikau, Fijian chief, President of Fiji (born 1941) • 2026 – James Tolkan, American actor (born 1931) ==Holidays and observances==

• Christian feast days: • Barontius and Desiderius • Castulus • Prince Kūhiō Day (Hawaii, United States) • Purple Day (Canada and United States) • Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel (Eastern Christianity) == References ==