Creation and development (1994–2001) Cartoon Network's original head programmer,
Mike Lazzo, conceived Adult Swim. The block grew out of Cartoon Network's previous attempts at airing content appropriate for adults who might be watching the channel after 11 pm (ET/PT). The network began experimenting with its late-night programming by airing anthology shows that presented uncensored classic cartoon shorts, such as
ToonHeads,
The Bob Clampett Show,
The Tex Avery Show,
Late Night Black and White, and
O Canada. Another block,
Toonami's "Midnight Run", aired the network's action programming uncut with minimal edits. At that time, one third of Cartoon Network's audience were adults. This was followed by a trend of other adult-oriented animated shows throughout the decade, as well as more general-oriented animated series which received strong adult followings.
Space Ghost Coast to Coast, Cartoon Network's first foray into original programming, was created in 1994 specifically for late-night adult audiences. The series was created by
Mike Lazzo's Ghost Planet Industries, which eventually became
Williams Street, the producers and programmers of Adult Swim. Between 4:00 and 5:00 a.m. on December 21, and December 30, 2000 (while
Space Ghost Coast to Coast was on hiatus), several new Williams Street series made unannounced "stealth" premieres.
Sealab 2021;
Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law;
Aqua Teen Hunger Force; and
The Brak Show all premiered unannounced; the official schedules listed the shows as "Special Programming". Prior to that, in
Entertainment Weekly, it was stated that
Michael Ouweleen's next project was working on the
Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law Pilot with
J. J. Sedelmaier. In a 1999 interview, the indie
pop rock band Calamine stated they had recorded the theme song for
Sealab 2021. While entertaining pitches for a variety of adult cartoons, Lazzo realized the potential for packaging them as a complete adult-focused block. Different names were considered, "Parental Warning" and "Parental Block" but he eventually settled on "Adult Swim" (a reference to the common policy at public swimming pools to have time intervals during the day when only adults are allowed in the pool).
Cartoon Network originally intended to launch the adult animation block on April 1, 2001, but it was delayed five months. In June 2001,
TV Guide had recorded an interview with Cartoon Network's former president,
Betty Cohen. She stated there was a new programming block coming out in September that was aimed for an adult audience. During the Toyota Comedy Festival in
New York, Cartoon Network held a free "Cartoon Network Confidential" screening. The event featured "Kentucky Nightmare" (
Space Ghost Coast to Coast), several "stealth" pilots,
Captain Linger, and an episode of
Home Movies. On Saturday, July 21, 2001, the
Space Ghost Coast to Coast panel at
San Diego Comic-Con had a trivia game in which the winners won a promotional
CD that had the theme songs to the upcoming Adult Swim Shows. Everybody who attended got a free Adult Swim
t-shirt that was packaged to look like a roll of bandages that a
lifeguard might carry. At San Diego Comic-Con, audiences got to see clips of the upcoming shows and vote for what show they wanted to see as a sneak peek.
Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law was the winner and the pilot was screened. The
Leave It to Brak episode "Mr. Bawk Ba Gawk" and
Space Ghost Coast to Coast episode "The Justice Hole" were also screened, as well as clips to the episode "Sweet for Brak". Around this time a
press kit came out that featured towels and a promotional CD. Another press kit that was designed as a
first aid kit came with a promo
VHS with info on all the shows.
Access Hollywood also highlighted the upcoming premieres. Print ads were shown in an August issue of
Entertainment Weekly. On August 31, adultswim.com officially launched. which had been shelved before airing on its original network,
UPN. According to
Linda Simensky, "We had a bunch of episodes to screen for
Mike Lazzo and by only the second episode, he yelled, "Buy it!" Cartoon Network bought the original five UPN episodes and ordered eight more to complete the season. The series' first season was animated in
Squigglevision; later seasons were done in
Flash animation. The first anime broadcast on the block also aired on the night of its launch,
Cowboy Bebop.
Aqua Teen Hunger Force debuted on the block on September 9, with the episode "Escape from Leprechaupolis". The block initially aired on Sunday nights from 10:00 pm to 1:00 am ET, with a repeat of the same block on Thursday nights. Adult Swim's original
bumpers shown in-between the shows featured footage of
elderly people swimming in
public pools, eating, exercising, and doing other pool-related activities. It would show signs all around the pool saying things like "Warning Potential Violence", "Warning Strong Language in use", "Caution Sexual Innuendo", "Caution Limited Animation", "No Diving", "No Kids", "Warning Adult Situations", and more. Some of these bumpers were narrated by a
lifeguard who spoke through a
megaphone. Most notably, he would shout "All kids out of the pool!". The logo was the words "Adult Swim" in all capital letters (or often an alternate version of the logo featured the block's name rendered in red and a black circle with a
yellow penumbra, also used as the main logo from 2002 to 2003), shown after a freeze frame of the footage. Sometimes they were even shown in reverse. The block's original theme music, titled "D-Code," was a remix of "Mambo Gallego" done by the
Melbourne musician Dust Devil, originally played by Latin jazz musician
Tito Puente. Some of the bumps on the block included
Aquaman Dance Party that featured a cartoon
Aquaman dancing in front of live action
landfill footage,
Captain Linger, a series of shorts created by
J. J. Sedelmaier,
Watering Hole, a series of shorts about animals talking in a bar created by
Soup2Nuts, 1960s
Hanna-Barbera action cartoons dubbed with the voices of children, a series of shorts called
Not for Air that had the speech of Hanna-Barbera characters bleeped to make it seem like the characters were swearing,
The New Adventures of The Wonder Twins, ''What They're Really Thinking'', which had a voice narrate a character's thoughts in a comedic way, and
Brak Puppet Party, a puppet show featuring classic Hanna-Barbera characters. Commercials starring characters from
Aqua Teen Hunger Force,
The Brak Show,
Space Ghost Coast to Coast,
Harvey Birdman, Attorney At Law, and
Sealab 2021 started to appear as well, such as
1-800-CALL-ATT,
Nestea,
Dr Pepper,
Coca-Cola,
Dodge Ram,
Quizno's Sub, Maximum Hair Dye,
Verizon Wireless, and movie promos for
Austin Powers in Goldmember,
Kung Pow! Enter the Fist,
Jackass: The Movie,
Eight Legged Freaks, and
The Powerpuff Girls Movie.
Brak would also host a segment called
Adult Swim News. Due to the
September 11 attacks, episodes of
Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law,
Cowboy Bebop, and
Aqua Teen Hunger Force were delayed. In the winter of 2001 another Adult Swim CD was made available for free to anyone who purchased issue 28 of
Hitch Magazine and the same CD came with issue 29. When the Saturday night block debuted on February 23, 2002, it was known as
Adult Swim Action, with various anime programs displayed on the block from 11:00 pm to 2:00 am ET. Thus, programming on the block was divided between
Adult Swim Action and
Adult Swim Comedy.
Adult Swim Comedy was Sunday nights and ran from 10:00 pm to 1:00 am ET. Two days prior, on February 21, Adult Swim stopped airing on Thursday nights.
The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show and
The Popeye Show took
Cowboy Bebops place for 12:00 am and 12:30 am ET. On June 15, 2002, Adult Swim had their first contest called "Adult Swim Happiness Sweepstakes" where winners could win a Master Shake
air freshener. It became increasingly common for Adult Swim to act as a home for reruns of animated series that had been canceled prematurely including
Home Movies,
Baby Blues,
Mission Hill,
The Oblongs,
The Ripping Friends,
Futurama,
Family Guy, and
God, the Devil and Bob, as well as
burn off remaining episodes of said shows that never aired on their original networks, as a result of their premature cancellation. The block obtained
Futurama's exclusive pay-TV syndication rights in September 2002 for a reported $10 million, and the series first aired on the network on January 12, 2003.
Family Guy made its debut on April 20 of that year with the episode "
Brian in Love", and immediately became the block's top-rated program, dominating late night viewing in its time period vs. pay-television and free-to-air competition and boosting viewership of both the block, and Cartoon Network itself, by 239 percent.
Seth MacFarlane had previously created
Larry & Steve, a cartoon predecessor to
Family Guy, that was aired on Cartoon Network's
What a Cartoon! Show in 1997. MacFarlane had also worked on several Cartoon Network shows, such as
Johnny Bravo and ''
Dexter's Laboratory''. On
New Year's Eve 2002, Brak from
The Brak Show and Carl Brutananadilewski from
Aqua Teen Hunger Force hosted a New Year's Eve special from 11:00 pm to 3:00 am. This was the first time Adult Swim aired on a Tuesday night. Beginning on January 12, 2003, Adult Swim was airing five nights a week, Sundays through Thursdays from 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. Saturday nights were dropped. On February 9, 2003, sister network
TNT aired an "Adult Swim All Star Extravaganza" event following its
coverage of the
2003 NBA All-Star Game, featuring airings of programs from the block. The event was considered a "sampler" to promote the block to a wider audience, with
Jim Samples, then-general manager and executive vice president of Cartoon Network, remarking that "we think that if you like
Shaq, you'll love Brak."
2003–2012 Adult Swim panel; from left to right:
Keith Crofford,
Seth Green,
Matthew Senreich,
Scott Adsit,
Dino Stamatopoulos,
Tommy Blacha,
Brendon Small,
Jackson Publick, and
Doc Hammer On October 5, 2003, Adult Swim was on from 11:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. ET. On October 26, 2003, Brak's Dad from
The Brak Show hosted
Halloween-themed bumps. That same night, Adult Swim hosted a live webcam show on its website, featuring the Adult Swim staff having a party. The
Big O series finale episode "The Show Must Go On", was supposed to premiere that night at 11:00pm; however, Adult Swim had to reschedule the episode for the next week, on Sunday, November 2, taking the place of the scheduled previously unaired episode of
Family Guy, "
When You Wish Upon a Weinstein", to air on November 9. When
Big O premiered on November 2, a rerun episode, "Stripes" was airing but then Adult Swim said it was just a joke and they finally aired the correct episode. Adult Swim had another New Year's Eve special, this time featuring some of the Adult Swim characters having a party at Brak's house celebrating New Year's Eve. It was on this night when
The Brak Show was officially canceled. On June 15, 2004, Adult Swim launched a
Video on Demand. On July 19, 2004, Adult Swim had a
publicity stunt telling viewers that they needed 1,000,000 people to go to their website so they could "Free Hockey Chicken". An employee was dressed as a chicken in front of a webcam being watched by viewers, and he could not leave the studio until they reached their goal. That same year Adult Swim hyped viewers by asking them to vote which would win in a fight: a "Flying
Shark or a Flying
Crocodile". In late 2004, Adult Swim started a course at
Kent State University with lessons by film professor Ron Russo, author of the book "Adult Swim and Comedy". On Halloween night in 2004,
Phantasm actor
Angus Scrimm hosted an
Aqua Teen Hunger Force marathon. On November 2, 2004, Adult Swim ran a marathon of the
Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law episode "Guitar Control" all through the night, until 2a.m.. The episode replayed 24 times to celebrate Election Day. On November 28, Adult Swim had a week showing off classic bumps from previous years. On March 28, 2005,
Atlanta-based
Turner Broadcasting System began recording Adult Swim
Nielsen ratings separately from Cartoon Network for demographic purposes. On April 17, 2004, Adult Swim regained Saturday nights, making Friday the only night where Adult Swim did not air. On March 28, 2005, Adult Swim gained an extra hour, now ending at 6 a.m. ET. On October 2, 2005, Adult Swim regained the 10 p.m. hour on Sundays, continuing to start at 11 p.m. Mondays to Thursdays, and Saturdays. Adult Swim had a direct and important role in the revival of
Family Guy. Due to the series' popularity in reruns, the block burned off "
When You Wish Upon a Weinstein", an episode of the series that had been banned from airing on Fox, in 2003. On September 21, 2003, Seth MacFarlane guest voiced on the
Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode "Super Trivia". In 2004, from July 26 through July 29, Adult Swim had a week dedicated to
Seth MacFarlane where it had him host a
Family Guy marathon showing select episodes. On March 29, 2004, less than one year after beginning reruns on Adult Swim,
Fox announced it would be renewing
Family Guy for a fourth season and reviving it from cancellation. In 2006,
20th Century Fox struck a deal to produce four
direct-to-video animated features based on
Futurama, and, in 2009, the series was revived in normal half-hour installments beginning in 2010 on Comedy Central. Before Adult Swim lost the rights to
Futurama reruns, they aired an all-night marathon from December 26–30, 2007, with the final reruns airing on December 31, thus, marking
Futurama's last airing on the block until 2021. On New Year's Eve 2005, Adult Swim had a countdown for the new year featuring characters from their shows. Beginning on March 27, 2006, Adult Swim's time began at 10:30 pm ET weekdays. In 2007, Adult Swim announced it would expand to seven nights a week and begin airing on Fridays, starting July 6. On December 29, 2008, Adult Swim moved its start time to 10 p.m. ET every night, with reruns of
King of the Hill being broadcast in the hour starting January 1, 2009. On December 27, 2010, Adult Swim moved its start time from 10 p.m. to 9 p.m. ET, extending the network's daily schedule to nine hours.
2007 Boston Mooninite panic On January 31, 2007, Adult Swim attracted national media attention as part of the 2007 Boston Mooninite panic. Both the Boston Police Department and the Boston Fire Department mistakenly identified battery-powered LED placards resembling
The Mooninites, characters from
Aqua Teen Hunger Force, as improvised explosive devices. The devices were in fact part of a guerrilla marketing campaign for the
Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters. The next day, Boston authorities arrested two men involved with the incident. Peter Berdovsky (a freelance video artist from
Arlington, Massachusetts) and Sean Stevens were facing charges of placing a hoax device to incite panic, as well as one count of disorderly conduct, according to
CNN. On February 5, Turner Broadcasting and marketer Interference, Inc. announced that they would pay $2 million in amends: one million to the city of Boston, and one million in goodwill funds. Four days later, on February 9, Jim Samples, general manager and Executive Vice President of Cartoon Network since 2001, resigned. Turner Broadcasting later issued an apology for the ad campaign that caused the bomb scares. A statement emailed to
The Boston Globe from Turner Broadcasting said: "The 'packages' in question are magnetic lights that pose no danger. They are part of an outdoor marketing campaign in 10 cities in support of Adult Swim's animated television show
Aqua Teen Hunger Force. They had been in place for two to three weeks in Boston, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Atlanta, Seattle; Portland, Oregon; Austin, Texas; and San Francisco, and Philadelphia. Parent company Turner Broadcasting is in contact with local and federal law enforcement on the exact locations of the billboards. We regret that they were mistakenly thought to pose any danger."
2012–2019 On April 1, 2012, as part of their annual
April Fools' Day stunt, Adult Swim revived
Toonami, the defunct Cartoon Network programming block which primarily aired anime and action cartoons. Following positive reception, Toonami would return full-time as a rebrand of Adult Swim's Saturday night action block on May 26, 2012. From November 11 to December 29, 2013, Cartoon Network briefly regained the 9 p.m. ET hour, promoting it as a bonus "gift time" hour, shortening Adult Swim back to eight hours. On March 31, 2014, Adult Swim's start time moved up to 8:00 p.m. ET, further extending its nightly schedule to ten hours. From 2015 to 2022, excluding 2017, Cartoon Network would take back the 8:00 p.m. hour anytime between late September and late December, making Adult Swim start at 9:00 p.m. again. In 2015, Adult Swim launched
The Virtual Brainload, the first animated
VR experience from a TV network. On May 7, 2015, it was announced that Adult Swim had ordered an untitled pilot by
Million Dollar Extreme described as a "sketch show in an almost present day post apocalyptic nightmare world". Based on that pilot, it was announced on March 3, 2016, that it would go to series with the group presenting it under the additional subtitle
World Peace, with the first season consisting of six episodes in Adult Swim's traditional eleven-minute episode format. While the show did not predominantly deal with political themes,
Sam Hyde's Twitter feed contained political references that have been characterized as
alt-right.
BuzzFeed News writer Joseph Bernstein wrote that a source told him Adult Swim's standards department repeatedly discovered and removed coded racist messages, including hidden swastikas. Additional sources at Adult Swim claimed to have filed internal complaints about
dog-whistling in the show and harassment from Hyde and his fans. On September 28, 2017, Pete Smith, a long-time producer at the studio and co-creator of
The Brak Show, retired from the company. On that night, Adult Swim celebrated his career with an all-night marathon of ''
Bob's Burgers (consisting of episodes that his daughter, Nora Smith, wrote) and The Brak Show
, with promos and bumpers made by Pete Smith airing during breaks. This became an annual event through 2024, running anywhere from 1 hour to 10 hours. The following events also added newly produced shorts, interstitials from Cartoon Planet which Pete wrote for, and episodes of Squidbillies'' where Smith played the character Boyd. Adult Swim began losing the syndication rights to various
20th Television animated series in 2018;
Comedy Central acquired the syndication rights to
King of the Hill and
The Cleveland Show that year. On April 8, 2019, it was announced that
FXX would acquire the rights to season 16 and beyond of
Family Guy (sharing those rights with sister networks
Freeform and
FX) and season 9 and beyond of ''Bob's Burgers
, with rights to the seasons airing on Adult Swim and sister network TBS at the time initially planned to transfer over to the Disney-owned networks in the coming years. American Dad!'', which was a TBS original series from 2014 to 2025, remained. On March 4, 2019,
AT&T held a reorganization of
WarnerMedia (Adult Swim's parent company at the time), dissolving the Turner Broadcasting System. Cartoon Network, Adult Swim,
Boomerang, and
Turner Classic Movies were transferred to
Warner Bros. Entertainment under a new
Kids, Young Adults, and Classics division. Although AT&T did not specify any timetable for the changes to take effect, WarnerMedia had begun to remove all Turner references in corporate communications and press releases, referring to Turner's networks as "divisions of WarnerMedia".
2019–present In December 2019,
Mike Lazzo retired from the company, which was announced by a bumper that aired on Adult Swim that month. On April 29, 2020,
Michael Ouweleen, previously the
chief marketing officer of Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, and Boomerang and the co-creator of
Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law, was named the President of Adult Swim, a new position that gives Ouweleen responsibility for all aspects of Adult Swim and its properties. Adult Swim faced layoffs in November 2020, resulting in the closing of
Pocket Mortys developer Big Pixel Studios and the cancellation of all of Adult Swim's online live-stream series.
Keith Crofford retired from the company in December 2020, which was celebrated with two bumpers featuring Meatwad from
Aqua Teen Hunger Force and Seth Green and Matthew Senreich from
Robot Chicken. On April 23, 2021, WarnerMedia announced that
HBO Max's adult animation development team would merge with Adult Swim, under the leadership of Suzanna Makkos.
Family Guy left Adult Swim on September 18, 2021, after an 18-year long run. The block noted the occasion with a special bumper featuring various Adult Swim characters waving goodbye to the
Griffin family. From October 18, 2021, onward, Adult Swim began airing certain programs in a compressed format, speeding up programs to accommodate additional time slots for advertising sales and airing credits in a split-screen format, similar to TBS; the split-screen credits tactic ceased in 2024. The network reacquired the rights to
King of the Hill and
Futurama on November 22, 2021, and December 27, 2021, respectively, with both shows continuing to air on FXX and, in
Futurama's case, Comedy Central. In May 2022, following WarnerMedia's divestment by AT&T and merger with
Discovery Inc. to form
Warner Bros. Discovery, the Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults, and Classics division was dissolved. Several Adult Swim shows, including
Tigtone, and
Lazor Wulf, were removed from Adult Swim's website and HBO Max that year as a part of massive cost-cutting moves at WBD. Some other series, like
Final Space, were
written off as a loss for tax purposes and removed from digital stores. On January 24, 2023, Adult Swim announced that it had ended its connection with
Rick and Morty co-creator
Justin Roiland after he was charged with felony domestic abuse. Show production continued, with Ian Cardoni and
Harry Belden cast as
Rick and
Morty, respectively. On May 1, 2023, Adult Swim's start time moved up to 7:00 p.m. ET/PT on weekdays and Saturdays, extending the block to eleven hours. Ratings data found that 68% of Cartoon Network's overall viewership between the 6 and 8 p.m. hours had been over the age of 18, thus justifying a further expansion of the block. The first two weeks of the new schedule—which was anchored by the premiere of
Unicorn: Warriors Eternal—brought the hour a 24% increase in overall viewership, and a 38% increase among viewers 18–34. On May 17, 2023, Kathleen Finch, CCO of Warner Bros. Discovery U.S. Networks Group, announced that a further expansion to the 6:00 p.m. ET hour would occur later in the year. The change was officially announced on June 7, 2023, and took effect on August 28, 2023: on weekdays, the hour would feature the new block
Checkered Past—which features reruns of classic Cartoon Network original series. ACME Night, a Sunday night movie block, moved from Cartoon Network to Adult Swim following the expansion, starting an hour earlier at 5:00 p.m. Adult Swim's rights to the first eight seasons of ''Bob's Burgers'' were set to expire in late 2023, though this did not come to pass. Instead, a deal was made for Adult Swim and FXX to share the show, with later seasons previously exclusive to FXX first appearing on October 2, 2023. On May 31, 2024, Checkered Past was replaced on Friday evenings by Toonami Rewind, a similar block featuring
Sailor Moon,
Dragon Ball Z Kai, and
Naruto, and similarly using classic Toonami branding from the 2000s. No further series were added, and Toonami Rewind ultimately ended on December 27, 2024, with Checkered Past, shrunken down to an hour, regaining Fridays. On December 3, 2024, Adult Swim announced that they had reacquired the rights to air
Family Guy, which returned to the network on January 1, 2025, with a three-day marathon. The network has non-exclusive rights, sharing the series with
FXX and
Comedy Central, who itself had acquired the rights in September 2024. Sister station TBS ended its run of
American Dad! on March 24, 2025, with the series moving back to Fox for later seasons; Adult Swim, TBS, and
TruTV retain syndication rights through 2030. Checkered Past was first discontinued on June 27, 2025, with the 5:00 p.m. hour going to further reruns of 20th Television Animation programming.
King of the Hill and
Futurama left Adult Swim's lineup for the second time on November 22, 2025 and December 27, 2025, respectively, remaining on FXX. Following the loss of both shows, Checkered Past returned unannounced on December 29, 2025, airing weekdays at 5:00 p.m. for an hour once more. == Special events ==