MarketApril 18
Company Profile

April 18

April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 257 days remain until the end of the year.

Events
Pre-1600796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The patrician Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. • 1428 – Peace of Ferrara between Republic of Venice, Duchy of Milan, Republic of Florence and House of Gonzaga: ending of the second campaign of the Wars in Lombardy fought until the Treaty of Lodi in 1454, which will then guarantee the conditions for the development of the Italian Renaissance. • 1506 – The cornerstone of the current St. Peter's Basilica is laid. • 1518Bona Sforza is crowned as queen consort of Poland. • 1521 – Trial of Martin Luther begins its second day during the assembly of the Diet of Worms. He refuses to recant his teachings despite the risk of excommunication. 1601–19001689Bostonians rise up in rebellion against Sir Edmund Andros. • 1738Real Academia de la Historia ("Royal Academy of History") is founded in Madrid. • 1775American Revolution: The British Army advances up the Charles River in Massachusetts to destroy supplies of American militias, while Paul Revere and other riders rapidly warn the countryside. • 1783Three-Fifths Compromise: The first instance of black slaves in the United States of America being counted as three-fifths of persons (for the purpose of taxation), in a resolution of the Congress of the Confederation. This was later adopted in the 1787 Constitution. • 1797War of the First Coalition: The Peace of Leoben is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Maximilian, Count of Merveldt, creating an armistice between France and Austria, setting the stage for the Treaty of Campo Formio and ending the War of the First Coalition. • 1831 – The University of Alabama is founded in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. • 1847 – American victory at the battle of Cerro Gordo opens the way for invasion of Mexico. • 1857The Spirits Book by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France. • 1864Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig. Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement. • 1897 – The Greco-Turkish War is declared between Greece and the Ottoman Empire. • 1899 – The St. Andrew's Ambulance Association is granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria. 1901–present1902 – The 7.5 Guatemala earthquake shakes Guatemala with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing between 800 and 2,000. • 1906 – The 7.9 earthquake and fire destroy much of San Francisco, California, killing more than 3,000 people, making one of the worst natural disasters in American history. • 1909Joan of Arc is beatified in Rome. • 1912 – The Cunard liner brings 705 survivors from the to New York City. • 1915World War I: French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines. • 1916 – World War I: During a mine warfare in high altitude on the Dolomites, the Italian troops conquer the Col di Lana held by the Austrian army. • 1930A fire kills 118 people at a wooden church in the small Romanian town of Costești, most of them schoolchildren, after starting during Good Friday services. • 1938Superman debuts in Action Comics #1 (cover dated June 1938). • 1939Robert Menzies, who became Australia's longest-serving prime minister, is elected as leader of the United Australia Party after the death of Prime Minister Joseph Lyons. • 1942World War II: The Doolittle Raid on Japan: Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe and Nagoya are bombed. • 1942 – Pierre Laval becomes Prime Minister of Vichy France. • 1943 – World War II: Operation Vengeance, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is killed when his aircraft is shot down by U.S. fighters over Bougainville Island. • 1945 – World War II: Over 1,000 bombers attack the small island of Heligoland, Germany. • 1945 – Italian resistance movement: In Turin, despite the harsh repressive measures adopted by Nazi-fascists, a great pre-insurrectional strike begins. • 1946 – The International Court of Justice holds its inaugural meeting in The Hague, Netherlands. • 1946 – Jackie Robinson makes his regular season debut for the Montreal Royals of the International League, to make them the first integrated modern professional baseball team. • 1947 – The Operation Big Bang, the largest non-nuclear man-made explosion to that time, destroys bunkers and military installations on the North Sea island of Heligoland, Germany. • 1949 – The Republic of Ireland Act comes into force, declaring Éire to be a republic and severing Ireland "association" with the Commonwealth of Nations. • 1954Gamal Abdel Nasser seizes power in Egypt. • 1955 – Twenty-nine nations meet at Bandung, Indonesia, for the first Asian-African Conference. • 1972East African Airways Flight 720 crashes during a rejected takeoff from Addis Ababa Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, killing 43. • 1980 – The Republic of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) comes into being, with Canaan Banana as the country's first President. The Zimbabwean dollar replaces the Rhodesian dollar as the official currency. • 1980 – The town of Elmore City, Oklahoma holds its first dance in the town's history. • 1988 – The United States launches Operation Praying Mantis against Iranian naval forces in the largest naval battle since World War II. • 1988 – In Israel John Demjanjuk is sentenced to death for war crimes committed in World War II, although the verdict is later overturned. • 1996 – The Israeli military commits the Qana massacre in a deliberate shelling of a United Nations compound near the village of Qana in southern Lebanon, killing 106 Lebanese civilians who were taking shelter there and wounding over 100 more. • 2018King Mswati III of Swaziland announces that his country's name will change to Eswatini. • 2018 – Anti-government protests start in Nicaragua. • 2019 – A redacted version of the Mueller report is released to the United States Congress and the public. • 2026 – Seven people are killed and fourteen others are injured in a mass shooting in Kyiv, Ukraine ==Births==
Births
Pre-1600359Gratian, Roman emperor (died 383) • 588K'an II, Mayan ruler (died 658) • 812Al-Wathiq, Abbasid caliph (died 847) • 1446Ippolita Maria Sforza, Italian noble (died 1484) • 1480Lucrezia Borgia, daughter of Pope Alexander VI (died 1519) • 1503Henry II of Navarre (died 1555) • 1534William Harrison, English clergyman (died 1593) • 1580Thomas Middleton, English Jacobean playwright and poet (died 1627) • 1590Ahmed I, Ottoman Emperor (died 1617) 1601–19001605Giacomo Carissimi, Italian priest and composer (died 1674) • 1666Jean-Féry Rebel, French violinist and composer (died 1747) • 1740Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, English banker and politician (died 1810) • 1759Jacques Widerkehr, French cellist and composer (died 1823) • 1771Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg (died 1820) • 1772David Ricardo, British economist and politician (died 1823) • 1794William Debenham, English founder of Debenhams (died 1863) • 1813James McCune Smith, African-American physician, apothecary, abolitionist, and author (died 1865) • 1819Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Cuban lawyer and activist (died 1874) • 1819 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer and conductor (died 1895) • 1838Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, French chemist and academic (died 1912) • 1854Ludwig Levy, German architect (died 1907) • 1857Clarence Darrow, American lawyer (died 1938) • 1858Dhondo Keshav Karve, Indian educator and activist, Bharat Ratna Awardee (died 1962) • 1858 – Alexander Shirvanzade, Armenian playwright and author (died 1935) • 1863Count Leopold Berchtold, Austrian-Hungarian politician and diplomat, Joint Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary (died 1942) • 1863 – Linton Hope, English sailor and architect (died 1920) • 1863 – Siegfried Bettmann, founder of the Triumph Motorcycle Company and Mayor of Coventry (died 1955) • 1864Richard Harding Davis, American journalist and author (died 1916) • 1874Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Croatian author and poet (died 1938) • 1877Vicente Sotto, Filipino lawyer and politician (died 1950) • 1879Korneli Kekelidze, Georgian philologist and scholar (died 1962) • 1880Sam Crawford, American baseball player, coach, and umpire (died 1968) • 1882Isaac Babalola Akinyele, Nigerian ruler (died 1964) • 1882 – Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (died 1977) • 1883Aleksanteri Aava, Finnish poet (died 1956) • 1884Jaan Anvelt, Estonian educator and politician (died 1937) • 1889Jessie Street, Australian activist (died 1970) • 1892Eugene Houdry, French-American mechanical engineer and inventor (died 1962) • 1897Ardito Desio, Italian geologist and cartographer (died 2001) • 1898Patrick Hennessy, Irish soldier and businessman (died 1981) • 1900Bertha Isaacs, Bahamian teacher, tennis player, politician and women's rights activist (died 1997) 1901–present1901Al Lewis, American songwriter (died 1967) • 1901 – László Németh, Hungarian dentist, author, and playwright (died 1975) • 1902Waldemar Hammenhög, Swedish author (died 1972) • 1902 – Giuseppe Pella, Italian politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Italy (died 1981) • 1904Pigmeat Markham, African-American comedian, singer, and dancer (died 1981) • 1905Sydney Halter, Canadian lawyer and businessman (died 1990) • 1905 – George H. Hitchings, American physician and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1998) • 1907Miklós Rózsa, Hungarian-American composer and conductor (died 1995) • 1911Maurice Goldhaber, Ukrainian-American physicist and academic (died 2011) • 1914Claire Martin, Canadian author (died 2014) • 1915Joy Davidman, Polish-Ukrainian American poet and author (died 1960) • 1916Carl Burgos, American illustrator (died 1984) • 1918Gabriel Axel, Danish-French actor, director, and producer (died 2014) • 1918 – André Bazin, French critic and theorist (died 1958) • 1918 – Shinobu Hashimoto, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2018) • 1918 – Clifton Hillegass, American publisher, founded CliffsNotes (died 2001) • 1918 – Tony Mottola, American guitarist and composer (died 2004) • 1919Virginia O'Brien, American actress and singer (died 2001) • 1919 – Esther Afua Ocloo, Ghanaian entrepreneur and pioneer of microlending (died 2002) • 1920John F. Wiley, American football player and coach (died 2013) • 1921Jean Richard, French actor and singer (died 2001) • 1922Barbara Hale, American actress (died 2017) • 1924Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2005) • 1925Marcus Schmuck, Austrian mountaineer and author (died 2005) • 1926Doug Insole, English cricketer (died 2017) • 1927Samuel P. Huntington, American political scientist, author, and academic (died 2008) • 1927 – Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Polish journalist and politician, Prime Minister of Poland (died 2013) • 1928Karl Josef Becker, German cardinal and theologian (died 2015) • 1928 – Otto Piene, German sculptor and academic (died 2014) • 1929Peter Hordern, English soldier and politician (died 2024) • 1930Clive Revill, New Zealand actor and singer (died 2025) • 1930 – Jean Guillou, French organist (died 2019) • 1931Bill Miles, American director and producer (died 2013) • 1934James Drury, American actor (died 2020) • 1934 – George Shirley, African-American tenor and educator • 1935Costas Ferris, Egyptian-Greek actor, director, producer, and screenwriter • 1936Roger Graef, American-English criminologist, director, and producer (died 2022) • 1936 – Vladimir Hütt, Estonian physicist and philosopher (died 1997) • 1937Keiko Abe, Japanese marimba player and composer • 1937 – Jan Kaplický, Czech architect, designed the Selfridges Building (died 2009) • 1939Glen Hardin, American pianist and arranger • 1939 – Thomas J. Moyer, American lawyer and judge (died 2010) • 1940Joseph L. Goldstein, American biochemist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate • 1940 – Mike Vickers, English guitarist, saxophonist, and songwriter • 1941Michael D. Higgins, Irish sociologist and politician, 9th President of Ireland1942Michael Beloff, English lawyer and academic • 1942 – Robert Christgau, American journalist and critic • 1942 – Jochen Rindt, German-Austrian racing driver (died 1970) • 1944Kathy Acker, American author and poet (died 1997) • 1944 – Philip Jackson, Scottish sculptor and photographer • 1945Bernard Arcand, Canadian anthropologist and author (died 2009) • 1946Hayley Mills, English actress • 1947Moses Blah, Liberian general and politician, 23rd President of Liberia (died 2013) • 1947 – Jerzy Stuhr, Polish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2024) • 1947 – James Woods, American actor and producer • 1948Régis Wargnier, French director, producer, and screenwriter • 1950Grigory Sokolov, Russian pianist and composer • 1953Rick Moranis, Canadian-American actor, comedian, singer and screenwriter • 1953 – Sk. Mujibur Rahman, Bengali politician • 1954Robert Greenberg, American pianist and composer • 1958Gabi Delgado-López, Spanish-German singer, co-founder of D.A.F. (died 2020) • 1958 – Malcolm Marshall, Barbadian cricketer and coach (died 1999) • 1959Susan Faludi, American journalist, author and feminist • 1960Yelena Zhupiyeva-Vyazova, Ukrainian runner • 1961Jane Leeves, English actress and dancer • 1961 – John Podhoretz, American journalist and author • 1962Jeff Dunham, American ventriloquist and comedian • 1963Conan O'Brien, American television host, comedian, and writer • 1964Niall Ferguson, Scottish historian and academic • 1969Keith DeCandido, American author • 1970Saad Hariri, Saudi Arabian-Lebanese businessman and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Lebanon • 1970 – Willie Roaf, American football player • 1971David Tennant, Scottish actor • 1972Rosa Clemente, American journalist and activist • 1972 – Eli Roth, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter • 1973Derrick Brooks, American football player • 1973 – Haile Gebrselassie, Ethiopian runner • 1974Edgar Wright, English filmmaker • 1976Melissa Joan Hart, American actress • 1976 – Andrew Ng, British-born American artificial intelligence researcher • 1979Matt Cooper, Australian rugby league player • 1979 – Kourtney Kardashian, American television personality • 1981Audrey Tang, Taiwanese Minister of Digital Affairs and programmer • 1983Miguel Cabrera, Venezuelan baseball player • 1984America Ferrera, American actress • 1985Łukasz Fabiański, Polish footballer • 1986Tina Bru, Norwegian politician • 1988Vanessa Kirby, English actress • 1989Alia Shawkat, American actress • 1990Wojciech Szczęsny, Polish footballer • 1992Chloe Bennet, American actress • 1993Mika Zibanejad, Swedish ice hockey player • 1994Aminé, American singer-songwriter • 1995Divock Origi, Belgian footballer • 1996Ski Mask the Slump God, American rapper ==Deaths==
Deaths
Pre-1600727Agallianos Kontoskeles, Byzantine commander and rebel leader • 850Perfectus, Spanish monk and martyr909Dionysius II, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch943Fujiwara no Atsutada, Japanese nobleman and poet (born 906) • 963Stephen Lekapenos, co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire1161Theobald of Bec, French-English archbishop (born 1090) • 1176Galdino della Sala, Italian archdeacon and saint • 1430John III, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count • 1552John Leland, English poet and historian (born 1502) • 1555Polydore Vergil, English historian (born 1470) • 1556Luigi Alamanni, Italian poet and politician (born 1495) • 1567Wilhelm von Grumbach, German adventurer (born 1503) • 1587John Foxe, English historian and author (born 1516) 1601–19001636Julius Caesar, English judge and politician (born 1557) • 1650Simonds d'Ewes, English lawyer and politician (born 1602) • 1674John Graunt, English demographer and statistician (born 1620) • 1689George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, Welsh judge and politician, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (born 1648) • 1732Louis Feuillée, French astronomer, geographer, and botanist (born 1660) • 1742Arvid Horn, Swedish general and politician (born 1664) • 1763Marie-Josephte Corriveau, Canadian murderer (born 1733) • 1794Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, English lawyer, judge, and politician, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (born 1714) • 1796Johan Wilcke, Swedish physicist and academic (born 1732) • 1802Erasmus Darwin, English physician and botanist (born 1731) • 1832Jeanne-Elisabeth Chaudet, French painter (born 1761) • 1859Tatya Tope, Indian general (born 1814) • 1864Juris Alunāns, Latvian philologist and linguist (born 1832) • 1873Justus von Liebig, German chemist and academic (born 1803) • 1890Paweł Bryliński, Polish sculptor (born 1814) • 1898Gustave Moreau, French painter and academic (born 1826) 1901–present1906Luis Martín, Spanish religious leader, 24th Superior-General of the Society of Jesus (born 1846) • 1912Martha Ripley, American physician (born 1843) • 1917Vladimir Serbsky, Russian psychiatrist and academic (born 1858) • 1923Savina Petrilli, Italian religious leader (born 1851) • 1936Milton Brown, American singer and bandleader (born 1903) • 1936 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer and conductor (born 1879) • 1938George Bryant, American archer (born 1878) • 1942Aleksander Mitt, Estonian speed skater (born 1903) • 1942 – Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American heiress, sculptor and art collector, founded the Whitney Museum of American Art (born 1875) • 1943Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese admiral (born 1884) • 1945John Ambrose Fleming, English physicist and engineer, invented the vacuum tube (born 1849) • 1945 – Ernie Pyle, American journalist and soldier (born 1900) • 1947Jozef Tiso, Slovak priest and politician, President of Slovakia (born 1887) • 1951Óscar Carmona, Portuguese field marshal and politician, 11th President of Portugal (born 1869) • 1955Albert Einstein, German-American physicist, engineer, and academic (born 1879) • 1958Maurice Gamelin, Belgian-French general (born 1872) • 1963Meyer Jacobstein, American academic and politician (born 1880) • 1964Ben Hecht, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1894) • 1965Guillermo González Camarena, Mexican engineer (born 1917) • 1974Marcel Pagnol, French author, playwright, and director (born 1895) • 1988Oktay Rıfat Horozcu, Turkish poet and playwright (born 1914) • 1995Arturo Frondizi, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Argentina (born 1908) • 2002Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian ethnographer and explorer (born 1914) • 2004Kamisese Mara, Fijian politician, 2nd President of Fiji (born 1920) • 2008Germaine Tillion, French ethnologist and anthropologist (born 1907) • 2012Dick Clark, American television host and producer, founded Dick Clark Productions (born 1929) • 2012 – René Lépine, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (born 1929) • 2012 – Robert O. Ragland, American musician (born 1931) • 2012 – K. D. Wentworth, American author (born 1951) • 2013Goran Švob, Croatian philosopher and author (born 1947) • 2013 – Anne Williams, English activist (born 1951) • 2014Guru Dhanapal, Indian director and producer (born 1959) • 2014 – Sanford Jay Frank, American screenwriter and producer (born 1954) • 2014 – Brian Priestman, English conductor and academic (born 1927) • 2019Lyra McKee, Irish journalist (born 1990) • 2022Harrison Birtwistle, British composer (born 1934) • 2024 – Dickey Betts, American guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer (born 1943) • 2024 – Mandisa, American gospel singer (born 1976) ==Holidays and observances==
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