Ba •
Charles Cardale Babington (1808–1895), British botanist and archaeologist •
Churchill Babington (1821–1889), British classical scholar, archaeologist and botanist •
John Bachman (1790–1874), American ornithologist; also one of the first scientists to argue that blacks and whites are the same species •
Curt Backeberg (1894–1966), German horticulturist, known for classification of cacti •
Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), German naturalist (in Estonia), biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and a founding father of embryology •
Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), American botanist, one of the first to recognize the importance of Gregor Mendel's work •
Donna Baird (thesis 1980), American epidemiologist and evolutionary-population biologist, concerned with women's health •
Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823–1887), American naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist and herpetologist who collected and classified many species •
Scott Baker (born 1954), American marine biologist, cetacean expert •
John Hutton Balfour (1808–1884), Scottish botanist, author of numerous books, including
Manual of Botany •
Clinton Ballou (1923–2021), American biochemist who worked on the metabolism of carbohydrates and the structures of microbial cell walls •
Henri Heim de Balsac (1899–1979), zoologist. •
David Baltimore (1938–2025), American biologist, known for work on viruses. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 •
Outram Bangs (1863–1932), American zoologist who collected many bird species; author of more than 70 books and articles, 55 of them on mammals •
Joseph Banks (1743–1820), English naturalist, botanist who collected 30,000 plant specimens and discovered 1,400. •
Robert Bárány (1876–1936), Austro-Hungarian (later Swedish) physician. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1914) for studies of the vestibular system •
Horace Barker (1907–2000), American biochemist and microbiologist •
Ben Barres (1954–2017), American neurobiologist who studied mammalian glial cells of the central nervous system •
Ewa Bartnik (born 1949), Polish biologist and university professor •
Benjamin Smith Barton (1766–1815), American botanist, author of
Elements of botany, or Outlines of the natural history of vegetables, the first American textbook of botany •
John Bartram (1699–1777), American botanist, described by Carl Linnaeus as the "greatest natural botanist in the world" •
William Bartram (1739–1823), American botanist, ornithologist, natural historian, and explorer, author of ''Bartram's Travels'' (as now known) •
Anton de Bary (1831–1888), German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist, and mycologist, considered a founding father of plant pathology (phytopathology) as well as the founder of modern mycology •
Dorothea Bate (1878–1951), Welsh palaeontologist and pioneer of archaeozoology who studied fossils •
Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), English naturalist who gave the first scientific account of mimicry •
Patrick Bateson (1938–2017), English biologist and science writer, president of the Zoological Society of London •
August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (1762–1802), German botanist, mycologist who discovered almost 200 species of mushrooms •
Gaspard Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist who introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, foreshadowing Linnaeus
Be–Bi •
George Beadle (1903–1989), American geneticist. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 for discovery of the role of genes in regulating biochemical reactions within cells. 7th president of the University of Chicago. •
Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist, ornithologist, entomologist and herpetologist known for his treatise on singing birds
Naturgeschichte der Stubenvögel •
Rollo Beck (1870–1950), American ornithologist known for collecting birds and reptiles, including three of the last four individuals of the Pinta Island tortoise •
Jon Beckwith (born 1935), American microbiologist and geneticist who worked on bacterial genetics. •
Charles William Beebe (1877–1962), American biologist, known for work on pheasants, and numerous books on natural history •
Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist who discovered viruses and investigated nitrogen fixation by bacteria •
Helmut Beinert (1913–2007), German-American biochemist, a pioneer of the use of electron paramagnetic resonance in biological systems •
Chase Beisel (living), university biology professor •
Thomas Bell (1792–1880), English zoologist, surgeon and writer who described and classified Darwin's reptile specimens and crustaceans •
David Bellamy (1933–2019), English broadcaster, activist and ecologist •
Boris Pavlovich Belousov (1893–1970), Soviet chemist and biophysicist who discovered the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction •
Stephen J. Benkovic (born 1938), American bioorganic chemist specializing in mechanistic enzymology •
Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836), English zoologist who described a new species of African crocodile •
George Bentham (1800–1884), English botanist, known for his taxonomy of plants, written with Joseph Dalton Hooker,
Genera Plantarum •
Jacques Benoit (1896–1982), French biologist, physician. One of the pioneers of neuroendocrinology and photobiology. •
Robert Bentley (1821–1893), English botanist, known for
Medicinal Plants (four volumes) •
Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917–1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, co-discoverer of bradykinin •
Paul Berg (1926–2023), American biochemist known for work on gene splicing of recombinant DNA. •
Hans Berger (1873–1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography •
Carl Bergmann (1814–1865), German
anatomist, physiologist and biologist who developed
Bergmann's rule relating population and body sizes with ambient temperature •
Rudolph Bergh (1824–1909), Danish physician and zoologist who studied sexually transmitted diseases, and also molluscs •
Claude Bernard (1813–1878), French physiologist, father of the concepts of the
milieu intérieur and homeostasis •
Samuel Stillman Berry (1887–1984), American zoologist who established 401 mollusc taxa, and worked on chitons, cephalopods, and also land snails •
Thomas Bewick (1753–1828), English ornithologist and illustrator, author of
A General History of Quadrupeds •
Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848), French zoologist, expert on reptiles and author (with
André Marie Constant Duméril) of
Erpétologie Générale •
Klaus Biemann (1926–2016), Austrian chemist, the "father of organic mass spectrometry" •
Ann Bishop (1899–1990), English biologist who specialized in protozoology and parasitology •
Biswamoy Biswas (1923–1994), Indian ornithologist who studied, in particular, the birds of Nepal and Bhutan
Bl–Bo •
Elizabeth Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US Nobel Prize–winning researcher in the field of telomeres and the "telomerase" enzyme •
John Blackwall (1790–1881), British entomologist, author of
A History of the Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland •
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850), French zoologist, taxonomic authority on numerous zoological species, including Blainville's beaked whale •
Albert Francis Blakeslee (1874–1954), American botanist, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi •
Thomas Blakiston (1832–1891), English naturalist. "Blakiston's Line" separates animal species of Hokkaidō and northern Asia, from those of Honshū and southern Asia. •
Frank Nelson Blanchard (1888–1937), American herpetologist who described new subspecies of snakes. •
Frjeda Blanchard (1889–1977), American plant and animal geneticist who demonstrated Mendelian inheritance in reptiles. •
William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), English geologist and naturalist, editor of
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. •
Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), Dutch ichthyologist whose papers described 511 new genera and 1,925 new species •
Günter Blobel (1936–2018), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell •
Konrad Emil Bloch (1912–2000), German-American biochemist who worked on cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism •
Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules •
David Mervyn Blow (1931–2004), British X-ray crystallographer noted for work on protein structure •
Carl Ludwig Blume (Karel Lodewijk Blume, 1789–1862), German-Dutch botanist who studied the flora of southern Asia, particularly Java •
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), German physiologist and anthropologist who classified human races on the basis of skull structure •
Edward Blyth (1810–1873), English zoologist who classified many birds of India •
José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823–1907), Portuguese zoologist with many papers on mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and others •
Pieter Boddaert (1730–1795/1796), Dutch physician and naturalist who named many mammals, birds and other animals •
Brendan J. M. Bohannan (21st century), American microbial and evolutionary biologist, expert on the microbes of Amazonia •
Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), French naturalist who coined Latin names for many bird species •
James Bond (1900–1989), American ornithologist, author of
Birds of the West Indies •
Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830), Italian ornithologist, author of a
Catalogue of the Birds of Piedmont, which described 262 species •
August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786–1839), German botanist in St Petersburg, one of the first botanists to describe the plants of Alaska •
John Tyler Bonner (1920–2019), American developmental biologist, expert on slime moulds •
Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), Genevan naturalist who published work on many subjects, including insects and plants •
Aimé Bonpland (1773–1858), French explorer and botanist who collected and classified about 6,000 plants unknown in Europe •
Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system •
Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903–1970), Russian botanist who specialized on the flora of the deserts and semi-desert of central Asia •
Norman Borlaug (1914–2009), American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel Peace Prize, and the father of the Green Revolution •
Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759–1828), French botanist, invertebrate zoologist, and entomologist, who made a systematic examination of the mushrooms of the southern United States •
George Albert Boulenger (1858–1937), Belgian and British zoologist, author of 19 monographs on fishes, amphibians, and reptiles •
Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), French ornithologist, expert on hummingbirds •
Paul D. Boyer (1918–2018), American biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1997 for studies of ATP synthase
Br–Bu •
Margaret Bradshaw (born 1941), New Zealand Antarctic researcher who has worked on Devonian invertebrate palaeontology •
Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802–1879), German-Russian naturalist who described various birds; also an entomologist, specialising in beetles and millipedes •
Sara Branham Matthews (1888–1962), American microbiologist and physician best known for her research into the isolation and treatment of
Neisseria meningitidis •
Christian Ludwig Brehm (1787–1864), German ornithologist who described many German species of birds •
Alfred Brehm (1829–1884), German zoologist, author of many works on animals and especially birds •
Sydney Brenner (1927–2019), British molecular biologist who worked on the genetic code, and later established the roundworm
Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for developmental biology. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2002) •
Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814–1880), American naturalist, specializing in ornithology and oology (the study of birds' eggs) •
William Brewster (1851–1919), American ornithologist, curator of mammals and birds at Harvard. •
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723–1806), French zoologist, author of
Le Règne animal and
Ornithologie •
Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859–1934), American botanist, coauthor of
Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions •
Thomas D. Brock (1926–2021), American microbiologist who discovered of hyperthermophiles such as
Thermus aquaticus •
Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (1801–1876), French botanist, author of many works, including
Histoire des végétaux fossiles •
Robert Broom (1866–1951), South African paleontologist, author many many papers and books, including
The mammal-like reptiles of South Africa and the origin of mammals •
Adrian John Brown (1852–1920), British expert on brewing and malting, pioneer of enzyme kinetics •
James H. Brown (born 1942), American ecologist known for his metabolic theory of ecology •
Patrick O. Brown (born 1954), American biochemist who has developed experimental methods with DNA microarrays to investigate genome organization •
Robert Brown (1773–1858), Scottish botanist known for pioneering use of the microscope in botany •
David Bruce (1855–1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist who investigated Malta fever (now called brucellosis) and discovered trypanosomes •
Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798), French naturalist, mainly interested in molluscs and other invertebrates •
Thomas Bruice (1925–2019), American bioorganic chemist, pioneer of chemical biology •
Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist, author of
Ornithologia Borealis and
Ichthyologia Massiliensis •
Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762–1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist who studied plants and fishes in India •
Marcel Bucher (born 1964), Swiss plant scientist and professor of Molecular Plant Physiology •
Eduard Buchner (1860–1917), German chemist and physiologist who overthrew the doctrine of vitalism by showing that fermentation occurred in cell-free extracts of yeast •
Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist noted for work on the olfactory system. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2004). •
Buffon (Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, 1707–1788), French naturalist. Author of many works in evolution, including
Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière. •
Walter Buller (1838–1906), New Zealand naturalist, a dominant figure in New Zealand ornithology. Author of
A History of the Birds of New Zealand. •
Alexander G. von Bunge (1803–1890), German-Russian botanist who studied Mongolian flora. •
Luther Burbank (1849–1926), American horticulturalist who developed more than 800 strains and varieties of plants, many of commercial importance •
Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), German Argentinian zoologist, entomologist, herpetologist, and botanist, who described many new species of amphibians and reptiles •
Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899–1985), Australian virologist. Nobel Prize in 1960 for predicting acquired immune tolerance and for developing the theory of clonal selection. •
Carolyn Burns (born 1942), New Zealand ecologist who studies the physiology and population dynamics of southern hemisphere zooplankton and food-web interactions •
Robert H. Burris (1914–2010), American biochemist, expert on nitrogen fixation •
Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), Peruvian-American biophysicist who uses "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA for biochemical experiments •
Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria demonstrated the importance of mitochondrial hexokinase in glycolysis in rapidly growing malignant tumour cells. He currently works on DNA paternity testing. == C ==