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1890

1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1890th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 890th year of the 2nd millennium, the 90th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1890, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events
: Nellie Bly, 1890 JanuaryJanuary 1 – The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony in the Horn of Africa. • January 2Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the White House. • January 111890 British Ultimatum: The United Kingdom demands Portugal withdraw its forces from the land between the Portuguese colonies of Mozambique and Angola (most of present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia). • January 15 – Ballet The Sleeping Beauty, with music by Tchaikovsky, is premiered at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia. • January 25 • The United Mine Workers of America is founded. • American journalist Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days. FebruaryFebruary 5 – The worldwide insurance and financial service brand Allianz is founded in Berlin, Germany. • February 18 – The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. • February 24Chicago is selected to host the World's Columbian Exposition. MarchMarch 3 – The first American football game in Ohio State University history is played in Delaware, Ohio, against Ohio WesleyanMarch 4 – The Forth Bridge, the longest bridge in Great Britain, on the Firth of Forth in Scotland, is opened to rail traffic. • March 8North Dakota State University is founded in Fargo. • March 17 – The first railway in Transvaal, the Randtram, opens between Boksburg and Braamfontein in Johannesburg. • March 20 – Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Otto von Bismarck to resign as Chancellor of Germany. • March 27March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak: 24 significant tornadoes are spawned by one system, including one that kills 76 people in Louisville, Kentucky. • Preston North End retain the English Football League Championship, winning their final game at Notts CountyMarch 28Washington State University is founded in Pullman. April : Cleveland Arcade. : Herman Hollerith. • April 2Kashihara Shrine, a landmark spot in Nara Prefecture, Japan, is officially built by Emperor Mutsuhito (Emperor of Meiji). • April 14 – At the First International Conference of American States, in Washington D.C., The Commercial Bureau of the American Republics is founded. MayMay 1 – A coordinated series of mass rallies and one-day strikes is held throughout many cities and mining towns in Europe and North America, to demand an eight-hour workday. • May 2 – President Benjamin Harrison signs the Oklahoma Organic Act, under which Oklahoma Territory is organized, a prerequisite for later statehood. • May 12 – The first ever official English County Championship cricket match begins in Bristol; Yorkshire beats Gloucestershire, by eight wickets. • May 20 – Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh moves to Auvers-sur-Oise on the edge of Paris, in the care of Paul Gachet, where he will produce around seventy paintings in as many days. • May 30 – The five-story skylight Arcade opens in Cleveland, Ohio. • May 31 – The Ulm Minister opens in Ulm, Germany as the world's tallest cathedral. JuneJune 1 – The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to tabulate census returns using punched card input, a landmark in the history of computing hardware. Hollerith's company eventually becomes IBM. The 1890 United States census determines the US population to be 62,979,766, an increase of 25.5 percent relative to the 1880 census. • June 16 – Royal Dutch Petroleum, predecessor of Royal Dutch Shell, the major worldwide energy production and sales company, is founded in the Netherlands to develop an oilfield in Pangkalan Brandan, North Sumatra. • June 20The Picture of Dorian Gray (by Oscar Wilde) is published by Philadelphia-based ''Lippincott's Monthly Magazine'' (dated July). • June 27 – Canadian-born boxer George Dixon defeats the British bantamweight champion in London, giving him claim to be the first black world champion in any sport. : Vincent van Gogh. JulyJuly 1Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty: Britain cedes the Heligoland islands (in the German Bight) to Germany, in return for protectorates over Wituland and the Sultanate of Zanzibar (the islands of Pemba and Unguja) in east Africa. • 1890 Japanese general election: In the first general election for the House of Representatives of Japan, about 5% of the adult male population elect a lower house of the Diet of Japan, in accordance with the new Meiji Constitution of 1889. • The Ouija board is first released by Elijah Bond. • July 2 – The Sherman Antitrust Act and Sherman Silver Purchase Act become United States law. • July 3Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state. • July 10Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state. • July 13 – In Minnesota, storms result in the Sea Wing disaster on Lake Pepin, killing 98. • July 26 – In Buenos Aires, the Revolution of the Park takes place, forcing President Juárez Celman's resignation. • July 27Death of Vincent van Gogh: van Gogh shoots himself, dying two days later. AugustAugust 6 – At Auburn Prison in New York, William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed in the electric chair. • August 20Treaty of London: Portugal and the United Kingdom define the borders of the Portuguese colonies of Mozambique and Angola. • August 23 – The BOVESPA stock exchange is founded in São Paulo, Brazil. • August 28 – The strongest storm in Finnish history kills at least three people. • August – Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsar Alexander III meet at Narva. SeptemberSeptember 6Dublin association football club Bohemian F.C. is founded in the Gate Lodge, Phoenix Park. • September 12Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded. • September 19 – The University of North Texas is founded, as the Texas Normal College and Teacher Training Institute. • September 25 — President Wilford Woodruff of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints issues the 1890 Manifesto ending the official practice of polygamy. OctoberOctober 1Yosemite National Park is established in California. • October 9 – The first brief flight of Clément Ader's steam-powered fixed-wing aircraft Ader Éole takes place in Satory, France. It flies uncontrolled approximately at a height of , the first take-off of a powered airplane solely under its own power. • October 11 – In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded. • October 12 – The Uddevalla Suffrage Association is founded in Sweden, with a formal founding event on November 2 a month later. • October 13 – The Delta Chi fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. NovemberNovember 4 – The first deep level London Underground (Tube) Railway, the City and South London Railway, opens officially. • November 21Edward King, Anglican bishop of Lincoln, is convicted of using ritualistic practices. • November 23 – King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir, and his daughter Princess Wilhelmina becomes Queen, causing the end of the personal union of thrones with Luxembourg (which requires a male heir) so that Adolphe, Duke of Nassau becomes Grand Duke of Luxembourg. • November 29 • The Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan, and its first Diet convenes. • At West Point, New York, the United States Navy defeats the United States Army 24–0 in the first Army–Navy Game of college football. • NovemberScotland Yard, headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, moves to a building on London's Victoria Embankment, as New Scotland Yard. DecemberDecember 10 – The New York World Building is completed in New York City, the tallest building in the United States for 10 years at a height of 110 meters. • December 15Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed by police on Standing Rock Indian Reservation. • December 24 – The Oklahoma territorial legislature establishes three institutions of higher learning University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, and University of Central Oklahoma. • December 29Wounded Knee Massacre: At Wounded Knee, South Dakota, a Lakota camp, the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment tries to disperse the non-violent "Ghost-Dance" which was promised to usher in a new era of power and freedom to Native Americans but is feared as a potential rallying tool for violent rebellion by some in the U.S. government. Shooting begins, and 153 Lakota Sioux and 25 troops are killed; about 150 flee the scene. This is the last tribe to be defeated and confined to a reservation as well as the beginning of the decline of both the American Indian Wars and the American frontier. University Hall, built in 1890 Date unknown • The folding carton box is invented by Robert Gair, a Brooklyn printer who developed production of paper-board boxes in 1879. • The United States city of Boise, Idaho, drills the first geothermal well. • Brown trout are introduced into the upper Firehole River, in Yellowstone National Park. • High School Cadets is written by John Philip Sousa. • Wilhelm II, German Emperor opposes Bismarck's attempt to renew the law outlawing the Social Democratic Party. • Blackwall Buildings, Whitechapel, noted philanthropic housing, is built in the East End of London. • English archaeologist Flinders Petrie excavates at Tell el-Hesi, Palestine (mistakenly identified as Tel Lachish), the first scientific excavation of an archaeological site in the Holy Land, during which he discovers how tells are formed. • American geostrategist Alfred Thayer Mahan publishes his influential book The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783. • Francis Galton announces a statistical demonstration of the uniqueness and classifiability of individual human fingerprints. • Japanese tractor and iron pipe brand, Kubota founded in Osaka, Japan. • Emerson Electric, an American electronics industry giant, is founded in Missouri. == Births ==
Births
January January 1Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer (d. 1966) • January 3 - Eddie Gribbon, American comedy actor (d. 1965) • January 4Augustus Agar, British commodore, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1968) • Victor Lustig, Bohemian-born con artist (d. 1947) • January 5Sarah Aaronsohn, member of the Jewish spy ring Nili (d. 1917) • January 8Taixu, Chinese Buddhist activist (d. 1947) • January 9Kurt Tucholsky, German-born journalist and satirist (d. 1935) • Karel Čapek, Czech writer (d. 1938) • January 11Oswald de Andrade, Brazilian Modernist writer (d.1954) • January 13Jüri Uluots, 8th Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1945) • January 19Élise Rivet, French Roman Catholic nun and war heroine (d. 1945) • January 20Boris Kozo-Polyansky, Russian botanist and evolutionary biologist (d. 1957) • January 22Fred M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1953) • January 28Néstor Guillén, Bolivian politician, 40th President of Bolivia (d. 1966) • Robert Stroud, Birdman of Alcatraz (d. 1963) February February 10Boris Pasternak, Russian writer (Doctor Zhivago), Nobel Prize laureate (declined) (d. 1960) • February 14Nina Hamnett, Welsh painter (d. 1956) • February 15Matome Ugaki, Japanese admiral (d. 1945) • February 16Francesco de Pinedo, Italian aviator (d. 1933) • February 17Ronald Fisher, English statistician and geneticist (d. 1962) • February 18Edward Arnold, American actor (d. 1956) • Adolphe Menjou, American actor (d. 1963) • February 24Marjorie Main, American actress (d. 1975) • February 25 • Dame Myra Hess, English pianist (d. 1965) • Kiyohide Shima, Japanese admiral (d. 1973) • February 27Freddie Keppard, American jazz musician (d. 1933) • Art Smith, American pilot (d. 1926) March March 1Theresa Bernstein, Polish-born American artist and writer (d. 2002) • March 4Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. 1939) • March 8Eugeniusz Baziak, Polish Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1962) • March 9 (new style) – Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet politician (d. 1986) • March 11Vannevar Bush, American engineer, inventor and politician (d. 1960) • March 19Nancy Elizabeth Prophet, African-American artist known for her sculpture (d. 1960) • March 20Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (d. 1957) • Lauritz Melchior, Danish-American tenor (d. 1973) • March 26Aaron S. Merrill, American admiral (d. 1961) • March 28Paul Whiteman, American bandleader (d. 1967) • March 31Lawrence Bragg, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) April April 6Anthony Fokker, Dutch aircraft manufacturer (d. 1939) • April 7Marjory Stoneman Douglas, American conservationist and writer (d. 1998) • April 13Frank Murphy, American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1949) • Dadasaheb Torne, Indian filmmaker (d. 1960) • April 16Fred Root, English cricketer (d. 1954) • Vernon Sturdee, Australian general (d. 1966) • April 17Victor Chapman, French-American fighter pilot (d. 1916) • April 18Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (d.1958) • April 20Maurice Duplessis, premier of Quebec (d. 1959) • Adolf Schärf, President of Austria (d. 1965) • April 21Michitaro Tozuka, Japanese admiral (d. 1966) • April 26Edgar Kennedy, American comedic actor (d. 1948) • April 30Géza Lakatos, 36th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1967) May May 1Clelia Lollini, Italian physician (d. 1963) • May 4Franklin Carmichael, Canadian landscape painter and graphic designer (d. 1945) • May 10Alfred Jodl, German general (d. 1946) • May 15Katherine Anne Porter, American author (d. 1980) • May 19Ho Chi Minh, Prime minister/President of North Vietnam (d. 1969) • May 23Herbert Marshall, English actor (d. 1966) June June 1Frank Morgan, American actor (d. 1949) • June 6Ted Lewis, American jazz musician and entertainer (d. 1971) • Naomasa Sakonju, Japanese admiral and war criminal (d. 1948) • June 10William A. Seiter, American film director (d. 1964) • June 11Béla Miklós, 38th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1948) • June 16Stan Laurel, English-born actor (d. 1965) • June 17Hatazō Adachi, Japanese general (d. 1947) • June 21Lewis H. Brereton, American aviation pioneer and air force general (d. 1967) • June 25Charlotte Greenwood, American actress (d. 1977) • June 26Jeanne Eagels, American actress (d. 1929) • June 29Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper, Dutch supercentenarian (d. 2005) • Pietro Montana, Italian-American sculptor, painter and teacher (d. 1978) • June 30Paul Boffa, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1962) July July 11Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder, British air force air marshal (d. 1967) • July 18Frank Forde, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983) • July 19George II of Greece, King of Greece (d. 1947) • July 20Verna Felton, American character actress (d. 1966) • July 22Rose Kennedy, American philanthropist and matriarch of the Kennedy family (d. 1995) • July 26Daniel J. Callaghan, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1942) • Seiichi Itō, Japanese admiral (d. 1945) • July 29P. S. Subrahmanya Sastri, Indian Sanskrit scholar (d. 1978) August August 2Marin Sais, American film actress (d. 1971) • August 3Konstantin Melnikov, Russian avant-garde architect (d. 1974) • August 5Erich Kleiber, Austrian conductor (d. 1956) • August 10Angus Lewis Macdonald, Nova Scotia Premier (d. 1954) • Bechara El Khoury, 2-Time Prime Minister and 2-Time President of Lebanon (d. 1964) • August 15Jacques Ibert, French composer (d. 1962) • Elizabeth Bolden, American supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1890 (d. 2006) • August 18Walther Funk, German politician (d. 1960) • August 20H. P. Lovecraft, American writer (d. 1937) • August 22Hans-Joachim Buddecke, German World War I fighter pilot and ace (d. 1918) • Cecil Kellaway, South African character actor (d. 1973) • August 24Duke Kahanamoku, American swimmer (d. 1968) September September 8Dorothy Price, Irish physician (d. 1954) • September 9Colonel Sanders, American founder of KFC (d. 1980) • September 10Elsa Schiaparelli, French couturiere (d. 1973) • Sir Mortimer Wheeler, British archaeologist (d. 1976) • September 15Agatha Christie, English writer (d. 1976) • Frank Martin, Swiss composer (d. 1974) • September 20Jelly Roll Morton, American jazz pianist, composer and bandleader (d. 1941) • Rachel Bluwstein, Israeli poet (d. 1931) • September 21Max Immelmann, German World War I fighter ace (d. 1916) • September 23Kakuji Kakuta, Japanese admiral (d. 1944) • Friedrich Paulus, German field marshal (d. 1957) • September 24A. P. Herbert, English humorist, novelist, playwright and law reform activist (d. 1971) October October 1Stanley Holloway, English actor (d. 1982) • Alice Joyce, American silent film actress (d. 1955) • Blanche Oelrichs, American poet, second wife of John Barrymore (d. 1950) • October 2Groucho Marx, American comedian (d. 1977) • October 3Emilio Portes Gil, Mexican teacher, journalist, lawyer and substitute President of Mexico, 1928–1930 (d. 1978) • October 8Henrich Focke, German aviation pioneer (d. 1979) • Eddie Rickenbacker, American race car driver and World War I fighter pilot (d. 1973) • October 9Aimee Semple McPherson, Canadian-American Pentecostal Evangelist (d. 1944) • October 13Conrad Richter, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1968) • October 14Dwight D. Eisenhower, US general and 34th President of the United States (d. 1969) • October 16Michael Collins, Irish patriot (d. 1922) • Paul Strand, American photographer (d. 1976) • October 17Roy Kilner, English cricketer (d. 1928) • October 20Sherman Minton, American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1965) • October 23Abdul Hamid Karami, 16th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1950) • October 25Floyd Bennett, American aviator and explorer (d. 1928) • October 29Hans-Valentin Hube, German army general (d. 1944) November November 4Saadi Al Munla, 17th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1975) • November 7Tomitarō Horii, Japanese general (d. 1942) • Jan Matulka, American painter (d. 1972) • November 9Grigory Kulik, Soviet military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1950) • November 16George Seldes, American investigative journalist (d. 1995) • Elpidio Quirino, 6th President of the Philippines (d. 1956) • November 22Charles de Gaulle, President of France (d. 1970) • November 23El Lissitzky, Russian artist and architect (d. 1941) December December 5David Bomberg, English painter (d. 1957) • Fritz Lang, Austrian-born film director, screenwriter and actor (d. 1976) • December 6Dion Fortune, British occultist (d. 1946) • December 8Bohuslav Martinů, Czech composer (d. 1959) • December 10László Bárdossy, 33rd Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1946) • Henry Louis Larsen, American Marine Corps General; Governor of American Samoa and Governor of Guam (d. 1962) • December 11Carlos Gardel, Argentine tango singer (d. 1935) • December 17Prince Joachim of Prussia (suicide 1920) • December 20Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967) • December 21Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1967) • December 25Robert Ripley, American collector of odd facts (d. 1949) • December 26Konstantinos Georgakopoulos, Greek lawyer and professor, 152nd Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1973) • December 30Lanoe Hawker, British fighter pilot (d. 1916) Date unknown Sava Caracaș, Romanian general (d. 1945) • Hatı Çırpan, Turkish politician (d. 1956) • Frederic Johnson, English civil servant (d. 1972) • Arthur Herbert Thompson, English soldier and football player (d. 1916) == Deaths ==
Deaths
January–March January 2Julián Gayarre, Spanish opera singer (b. 1844) • January 7Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Empress Consort of Wilhelm I, German Emperor (b. 1811) • January 18 – King Amadeo I of Spain (b. 1845) • February 18Gyula Andrássy, Hungarian statesman, 4th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1823) • February 22John Jacob Astor III, American businessman (b. 1822) • Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish painter (b. 1834) • January 23Emily Jane Pfeiffer, Welsh poet and philanthropist (b. 1827) • March 3Innocenzo da Berzo, Italian Capuchin friar and blessed (b. 1844) • March 7Karl Rudolf Friedenthal, Prussian statesman (b. 1827) • March 9 – Sir Mangaldas Nathubhoy, Indian politician (b. 1832) • March 16Princess Zorka of Montenegro (b. 1864) • March 23Mary Jane Katzmann, Canadian historian (b. 1828) • March 27Carl Jacob Löwig, German chemist (b. 1803) April–June April 1David Wilber, American politician (b. 1820) • Alexander Mozhaysky, Russian aeronautical pioneer (b. 1825) • April 4Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, Canadian politician, 1st Premier of Quebec (b. 1820) • April 11David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo, Dutch Talmudist (b. 1808) • Joseph Merrick (The Elephant Man), British oddity (b. 1862) • April 18Paweł Bryliński, Polish sculptor (b. 1814) • April 19James Pollock, American politician, Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1810) • May 22Eduard von Fransecky, Prussian general (b. 1807) • June 1Camilo Castelo Branco, Portuguese writer (b. 1825) • Lokenath Brahmachari, Bengali Hindu saint and yogi (b. 1730) • June 24Subba Row, Hindu theosophist (b. 1856) • June 30Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (b. 1819) July–September July 7Henri Nestlé, Swiss confectioner and the founder of Nestlé (b. 1814) • July 9Clinton B. Fisk, American philanthropist and temperance activist (b. 1828) • July 13John C. Frémont, American explorer and military officer (b. 1813) • Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819) • July 15Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (b. 1819) • July 25Shaikh Mohamed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Ruler of Bahrain (b. 1813) • July 29Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (b. 1853) • August 6William Kemmler, American murderer, first person executed in the electric chair (b. 1860) • August 10John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (b. 1844) • August 11John Henry Newman, English Roman Catholic Cardinal (b. 1801) • August 18August von Bulmerincq, Baltic German legal scholar (b. 1822) • August 27Juan Seguín, American soldier and politician (b. 1806) October–December October 4Catherine Booth, Mother of The Salvation Army (b. 1829) • October 17Julian Gutowski, Polish politician (b. 1823) • October 20Richard Francis Burton, English explorer, linguist, soldier (b. 1821) • October 26Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (The Adventures of Pinocchio) (b. 1826) • November 3Ulrich Ochsenbein, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1811) • November 4Félix du Temple de la Croix, French Army Captain & aviation pioneer (b. 1823) • November 7Comanche, American horse, survivor of Custer's cavalry at the Battle of the Little BighornNovember 8César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (b. 1822) • November 11Marie-Charles David de Mayréna, French adventurer and self-styled King of Sedang (b. 1842) • November 21Sherman Conant, American soldier and politician (b. 1839) • November 23 – King William III of the Netherlands (b. 1817) • November 24August Belmont, Sr., Prussian-born financier (b. 1816) • December 10Ludolph Anne Jan Wilt Sloet van de Beele, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1806) • December 15Sitting Bull, Native American chief (b. c. 1831) • December 21Johanne Luise Heiberg, Danish actress (b. 1812) • December 23Alphonse Lecointe, French general and politician (b. 1817) • December 26Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (b. 1822) • December 31Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican war heroine (b. 1826) == References ==
Further reading and year books
1890 Annual Cyclopedia online; highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" (1891); compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage.
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