MarketApril 1978
Company Profile

April 1978

The following events occurred in April 1978:

April 1, 1978 (Saturday)
Space Invaders, one of the most popular arcade video games of its time and a breakthrough in display, was introduced in arcades in Japan by the electronic entertainment company Taito, and would be brought to North America in November. The game was the first in video with no time limit and no limit on scoring, with players able to continue (as in pinball) for as long as their skills would allow. • Dick Smith of Dick Smith Foods staged an elaborate April Fool's Day prank in Australia by towing a fake, but realistic-looking iceberg into Sydney Harbour. • Lucius, ridden by Bob Davies, won the Grand National steeplechase at Aintree Racecourse, near Liverpool in England. Rag Trade, the 1976 Grand National winner, and was later euthanized. • New Zealand National Airways Corporation (NAC), the domestic airline of New Zealand merged with the nation's international airline, Air New Zealand. • The Philippine College of Commerce, through a presidential decree, was converted to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. • Freddy Maertens of Belgium won the 1978 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen cycle race. • At Richmond International Airport in Richmond, Virginia, a hijacker commandeered a Piedmont Airlines Boeing 737-200 bound for Norfolk, Virginia, with 66 people on board, and forced the plane to fly to New York City, where he was arrested. • In Yanchuan County in China's Shaanxi province, 12 people were killed when a truck fell off a road and into a deep valley near the village of Yanshuiguan. • In Baton Rouge, Louisiana, five children between the ages of 4 months and 9 years died in a house fire after their mother left them alone to go grocery shopping. Firefighters delayed entering the house because they thought it was empty. • Born:Anamaria Marinca, Romanian film and TV actress, winner of the 2005 British Academy Television Award for Best Actress, for Sex Traffic; in IașiRolandas Džiaukštas, Lithuanian footballer who had 40 caps for the Lithuania national football team; in Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union • Andrei Karyaka, Russian footballer with 27 caps for the Russia national team, later an assistant coach; in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union • Jean-Pierre Dumont, Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the 2004 world champion Czech Republic national team; in MontrealAntonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer with 17 caps for the Mexico national team; in Monterrey (d. 2009, heart attack) • Maxime Agueh, French-born Beninese footballer and goalkeeper with 9 caps for the Benin national team; in Lille, France ==April 2, 1978 (Sunday)==
April 2, 1978 (Sunday)
• The long-running American TV show Dallas, starring Larry Hagman as J. R. Ewing, began a run of 14 seasons and 357 episodes on CBS, creating the modern-day primetime soap opera. The show, popular worldwide, was ranked #1 in the U.S. Nielsen ratings in the 1980–81 and 1981–82 seasons, as well as the 1983–84 season. • Pakistan won the 1978 field hockey World Cup in Buenos Aires, Argentina, defeating the Netherlands, 3 to 2. • The United States men's curling team won the 1978 Air Canada Silver Broom and the World Curling Championships, at Winnipeg Arena in Canada. • The "Bell Island Boom", the thunder from an unusually powerful lightning bolt in the upper atmosphere, was heard in and around the town of Bickfordville, Newfoundland, on Canada's Bell Island shortly before noon. • The U.S. town of Brownson, Nebraska, with 500 people, was evacuated after the derailment and explosion of a tank car full of liquid phosphorus on the Union Pacific Railroad, but only three people were injured. • Björn Borg won the men's singles title in the 1978 Milan Indoor tennis championship at the Palasport di San Siro in Italy. • Jos Schipper of the Netherlands won the 1978 Dwars door België cycle race. • Seven people were killed near Pettus, Texas, when a car collided with a van carrying a school band. • Argentine driver Carlos Reutemann of the Scuderia Ferrari team won the 1978 United States Grand Prix West in Long Beach, California. • Born:Scott Lynch, American fantasy author known for the bestselling novel The Lies of Locke Lamora and its sequels; in Saint Paul, MinnesotaNick Berg, American freelance businessman known for being kidnapped and beheaded by Islamic militants who videotaped the killing; in West Chester, Pennsylvania (murdered 2004) • Jaime Ray Newman, American TV actress known for Eastwick; in Farmington Hills, MichiganDeon Richmond, American TV actor known for Sister, Sister; in Harlem, New York City • Died:Aurelio Baldor, 71, Cuban mathematician, educator and lawyer known for his textbooks used throughout the Spanish-speaking world • Jack Hubbard, 92, American college football player and inductee to the College Football Hall of FameWilli Kaidel, 65, German rower, silver medalist, winner of the 1937 European championships • Franco Pinna, 52, Italian neorealist photographer ==April 3, 1978 (Monday)==
April 3, 1978 (Monday)
• Live radio broadcasts of British Parliamentary proceedings began. • The 50th Academy Awards were held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. Annie Hall won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and its director, Woody Allen, and leading actress Diane Keaton won awards as well. Richard Dreyfuss won the Best Actor Award for The Goodbye Girl. Jason Robards and Vanessa Redgrave won the awards for Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress for Julia. • The San Francisco Board of Supervisors voted, 10 to 1, to pass a gay rights ordinance, prohibiting discrimination against gay and lesbian people in employment, housing and public accommodations. The proposal had been introduced by the first openly gay city council member in the U.S., Harvey Milk, and the only vote against it was cast by Dan White. San Francisco mayor George Moscone signed the ordinance into law a few days later. White resigned on November 10, but sought to get his job back four days later. Refused, White murdered Moscone and Milk at City Hall on November 27, 1978. • The French children's television series 1, rue Sésame, a French adaptation of the U.S. series Sesame Street, made its debut on the TF1 network. • Born:Luca Moncada, Italian rower and winner of the World Rowing Championships in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2007; in PalermoJohn Smit, South African rugby union player with 111 caps for the South Africa national rugby union team, the Springboks; in Pietersburg, Transvaal, South Africa • Raja Toumi, Tunisian handball player with 230 caps for the Tunisia national women's teamcoach; in TunisMatthew Goode, English actor; in Exeter, DevonMichael Gravgaard, Danish footballer with 18 caps for the Denmark national team; in SpentrupDied:Ernst Leche, Swedish jurist who helped establish, in 1938, Sweden's Allmänna säkerhetstjänsten ("General Security Service") • Ray Noble, 74, English bandleader and composer, died of cancer. • Karl Asplund, 87, Swedish poet, short story writer and art historianWinston Sharples, 69, American film composer ==April 4, 1978 (Tuesday)==
April 4, 1978 (Tuesday)
• Pakistani nuclear physicist A. Q. Khan announced that he and his team at the Engineering Research Laboratories in Kahuta had produced enriched uranium (with a substantial quantity of the isotope uranium-235) for the first time, less than two years after the laboratories had been established by Pakistan's secret "Project-706". The breakthrough in producing fissionable uranium made it possible for Pakistan to create its first atomic weapon; the explosion of an atomic bomb would not be attempted by Pakistan until May 26, 1998. • Cyclone Alby caused heavy damage, killed 5 people and caused wildfires that (according to one report) destroyed two towns in Western Australia. • Born:Irene Skliva, Greek model and beauty pageant contestant who was crowned Miss World 1996; in AthensRené Wolff, German track cyclist who won the 2005 world championship for the sprint, and helped Germany win the 2004 Olympic gold medal; in Erfurt, Thuringia, East Germany • Marcel Nkueni, Congolese footballer with 12 caps for the Democratic Republic of the Congo team between 1997 and 2001; in Kinshasa, ZaireSam Moran, Australian singer for the children's band The Wiggles; in SydneyAlan Mahon, Irish footballer with two caps for the Ireland national team; in DublinDied: Morien Morgan CB FRS, 65, Welsh aeronautical engineer who led the effort of designing the Concorde supersonic aircraft ==April 5, 1978 (Wednesday)==
April 5, 1978 (Wednesday)
• In Algiers, Algeria, mercenaries linked to the Spanish government attempted the assassination of Canary Islands Independence Movement leader Antonio Cubillo, stabbing him in the hallway of his house. Cubillo survived but was paralyzed. • Avraham Amram, an Israeli Defense Forces soldier, was taken as a prisoner of war after being captured in a clash in Lebanon with soldiers of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. He would be freed on March 14, 1979, in return for the release by Israel of 76 convicted Palestinian prisoners in Israel's first prisoner exchange with an Arab terrorist organization. • John Errol Ferguson, known for murdering 12 people in and around Carol City, Florida, over three and a half years, was arrested by FBI agents who had been tipped off about his location. Ferguson and three other people, Marvin Francois, Beauford White, and Adolphus Archie, were linked to the July 27, 1977, execution-style murder of six people at a Carol City home. While the other three were arrested a month later, Ferguson had remained at large and killed two teenagers on January 8. Ferguson would remain on death row the longest and would be executed by lethal injection on August 5, 2013. • U.S. President Jimmy Carter gave an interview to Black Perspective, answering questions on his trip to Africa, national urban policy, support from African-Americans, his views on the presidency, reverse discrimination, the Humphrey-Hawkins bill, administration programs, foreign relations of the United States, and human rights. • Born:Arnaud Tournant, French track cyclist and winner of 14 UCI Track Cycling World Championships world championships from 1997 to 2008 in the Kilo, the 1,000 meter time trial, and the first person to ride one kilometer in less than a minute (58.75 seconds); in Roubaix, Nord départementRobert Glasper, American pianist, record producer and songwriter, winner of 5 Grammy Awards; in HoustonFranziska van Almsick, German swimmer, winner of two World Aquatics Championships (in 1994 in the 200m women's freestyle and the 1998 4 x 100 freestyle relay), and four Olympic silver medals (1992 and 1996); in East Berlin, East GermanyBernd Heidicker, German rower, winner of the World Rowing Championships in 2002 and 2006 Olympic rower; in Recklinghausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, West GermanyDwain Chambers, British Olympic track sprinter, winner of the 2010 World Athletics Indoor Championships in the 60-meter sprint; in LondonOlek (artist) (Agata Oleksiak), Polish artist and sculptor; in Ruda Śląska, PolandTarek El-Said, Egyptian footballer with 61 caps for the Egypt national team from 1999 to 2005; in TantaMarcone Amaral Costa, Brazilian-born Qatari footballer with 38 caps for the Qatar national team from 2008 to 2013; in Poções, BrazilJairo Patiño, Colombian footballer with 35 caps for the Colombia national team; in CaliGerard Bush, American film director and screenwriter with his husband, Christopher Renz, in the Bush Renz partnership, known for the 2020 film Antebellum; in HoustonAlfredo Galán, Spanish serial killer who murdered six people and wounded three in the first three months of 2003; in Puertollano, Province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La ManchaHelgi Petersen, Faroese footballer with 8 caps for the Faroe Islands team; in RunavíkDied: Carlo Tagliabue, 80, Italian baritone ==April 6, 1978 (Thursday)==
April 6, 1978 (Thursday)
• U.S. President Carter named Colonel Margaret A. Brewer to become the first female general officer in the United States Marine Corps, as well as the Corps' first female director of information. • Fred Richmond, a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York, was arraigned in Washington, D.C., on a charge of soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy. Although Richmond admitted to the act, he won the Democratic primary nomination again the following month and would be re-elected to Congress in 1978 and in 1980, before being arrested in 1982 on charges of tax evasion and drug possession, after which he would resign from Congress. • The 1978 Masters Tournament began at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. John Schlee of the United States was the leader after the first day. • Gene Leroy Hart was arrested in Adair County, Oklahoma, for the killing of three Girl Scouts at a summer camp on June 13, 1977. Hart would be acquitted of the murders on March 30, 1979. • Born:Lauren Ridloff, American stage, TV and film actress known for The Walking Dead, Eternals and the Broadway revival of Children of a Lesser God, earning her a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Play; in ChicagoDaphny van den Brand, Netherlands cyclo-cross bicycle racer, 2003 World Cyclo-cross Champion, three time European champion (2006, 2007 and 2010); in Zeeland, North BrabantIgor Semshov, Russian footballer with 57 caps for the Russia national team from 2002 to 2012; in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet UnionJaco van der Westhuyzen, South African rugby union player with 32 caps for the Springboks national team; in NelspruitFabiano Pereira, Brazilian footballer with 20 caps for the Brazilian national team that appeared in the 2000 Summer Olympic; in Marília, São Paulo, Brazil • Thomas Herschmiller, Canadian rower whose four-man team won the 2003 World Championships and finished second in the 2004 Olympic games; in Comox, British ColumbiaDied:Nicolas Nabokov, 74, Russian-American composer and writer • Leslie Barker, 28, American schoolteacher and murder victim, was murdered in Akron, Ohio, between 3 a.m. and 5 a.m. after having gone to a bar hours earlier on a date with a person matched by a "computer dating" service. Barker's remains were found in the back seat of her car, which had been set on fire. the case would remain unsolved. ==April 7, 1978 (Friday)==
April 7, 1978 (Friday)
• The first parliamentary elections since 1969 in the Philippines were held for 179 of the 189 seats in the new Interim Batasang Pambansa, with the winners to take office on June 12. The party of President Ferdinand Marcos, the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL), won 150 of the seats and more than 71% of the vote. Although the Lakas ng Bayan (LABAN) party of Benigno Aquino Jr. got more than 10 percent of the vote, its candidates won no seats at all in the Batasang. The Bagong Lipunan party won less than 4 percent of the vote but won 14 seats, and the Pusyon Bisaya party of future Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. got less than 5 percent of the vote and 13 seats. • Members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, led by Uma Maheswaran, killed a team of four officers of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of the Sri Lanka Police led by Inspector of Police T.L.B. Bastianpillai. • At the age of 19, Prince Rogers Nelson of Minneapolis, known by his mononym of Prince, released his debut album, For You, on the Warner Bros. label. • U.S. President Jimmy Carter decided to postpone production of the neutron bomb, a weapon that kills people with radiation, but leaves buildings relatively intact. • A partial solar eclipse was visible in parts of Antarctica and southern Africa. • The Russian-owned cargo ship Astron ran aground off the coast of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, while carrying corn to Cuba, spilling 7330 barrels of bunker fuel. The wreck is still in place and attracts underwater divers. • The first 13 rangers of the United States Bureau of Land Management were sworn in.*Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco, daughter of Francisco Franco, attempted to board a flight from Madrid–Barajas Airport to Lausanne, Switzerland, with a bag full of gold, jewelry and medals that had belonged to her father. She was accused of smuggling. • Born:Davor Dominiković, Croatian handball player with 174 appearances for the Croatia national men's handball team that won the 2004 Olympic games and the 2003 World Championship; in Metković, SR Croatia, SFR YugoslaviaMarius Țincu, Romanian rugby union player with 53 caps for the Romania national team; in Vânători, IașiJimmy Akingbola, British actor known for HolbyBlue and Holby City; in Plaistow, Newham, England • Duncan James, English singer and TV actor known for the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks; in Bournemouth, DorsetDied: Albert Tangora, 74, American office supplies store owner best known for setting the record of 147 words per minute on a manual typewriter in a speed typing contest on October 22, 1923, a mark that has never been exceeded in more than 100 years after it was achieved. ==April 8, 1978 (Saturday)==
April 8, 1978 (Saturday)
• The homes of two Iranian dissidents were bombed by SAVAK, the Shah of Iran's secret police, in Tehran. Neither Mehdi Bazargan, who would become the first Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran, nor Karim Sanjabi, the republic's first Minister of Foreign Affairs, sustained any injuries. A group that called itself "The Underground Committee for Revenge" claimed responsibility for both attacks. • Geoff Hunt defeated Qamar Zaman to win the 1978 Men's British Open Squash Championship at Wembley. • In Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S. Senator Muriel Humphrey announced that she would not run in the November election to fill the remaining four years of her late husband's term in the United States Senate. Senator Humphrey, the widow of Senator Hubert Humphrey, had been appointed to fill his Senate seat after his death on January 13. • Born:Anja Schneiderheinze, German bobsledder, winner of two-woman team bobsled in the 2006 Olympics and the world championship of 2005 and 2016; in Erfurt, East GermanyBernt Haas, Swiss footballer with 36 caps for the Switzerland national team; in Vienna, Austria • Evans Rutto, Kenyan long-distance runner who won the Chicago Marathon in 2003 and 2004, and the London Marathon in 2004, before being injured; in Marakwet District, Kenya • Paola Núñez, Mexican TV actress known for Amor en custodia and the Netflix series based on Resident Evil; in Tijuana, Baja CaliforniaMario Pestano, Spanish Olympic discus thrower; in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain • Rachel Roberts, Canadian model and actress; known for the science fiction comedy film S1M0NE; in VancouverDied:Ford C. Frick, 83, American sportswriter who served as the Commissioner of Major League Baseball from 1951 to 1965. • Lon L. Fuller, 75, American legal philosopher • Peter Igelhoff (born Rudolf August Ordnung), 73, Austrian pianist, composer and entertainer • Gaston Leval (born Pierre Robert Piller), 82, French historian and anarchist • Brendan Megraw, 23, Northern Irish Catholic civilian, was abducted from his home in Belfast by the Irish Republican Army and murdered. His remains would not be located until 36 years later, on October 1, 2014, near Kells, County Meath. • Kurt Voss, 77, German footballer who played 2 games for the Germany national team in 1925 ==April 9, 1978 (Sunday)==
April 9, 1978 (Sunday)
• A group of 17 Somali military officers, led by Colonel Mohamed Osman Irro, attempted to overthrow the unpopular President of Somalia, Mohammed Siad Barre, but failed. The rebellious officers were court-martialed, found guilty and executed in October. • Gary Player of South Africa won the 1978 Masters Tournament, the first of the year's four men's major golf championships in Augusta, Georgia. Player, who was in tenth place when the final round started, won the 72-hole tournament by a single stroke, with 277 and one better than Rod Funseth, Tom Watson, and Hubert Green, who finished with 278 strokes. • As part of the Hundred Days' War in Lebanon, fighting took place between the Christian suburb of Ain el-Rummaneh and the Muslim suburb of Chyah, both near Beirut. • The Hebrew University of Jerusalem dedicated its Frank Sinatra International Student Center. Sinatra and his wife, Barbara Sinatra, were in attendance at the ceremony, as was actor Gregory Peck. • In Okahandja, South West Africa, over 10,000 members of the Herero people attended the burial of Chief Clemens Kapuuo, despite fears that the cemetery was mined. Kapuuo had been assassinated the previous week. • In the northeast United States, fires in three different apartment buildings killed a total of 16 people. In Syracuse, New York, four members of the Syracuse Fire Department – Stanley Duda, Michael Petragnani, Frank Porpiglia Jr. and Robert Schuler — were killed when the roof collapsed on them while they were searching the top floor of an apartment house after receiving an incorrect report that a woman was trapped inside. The fire had started from a candle that had been left burning by one of the residents. On the same morning, a five-member family (including two children) was killed in a predawn tenement fire in Monticello, New York. Finally, five children, their mother and a family friend died in an apartment building fire caused by arson in Lawrence, Massachusetts. • Lee Kam of Hong Kong poisoned her family's breakfast orange juice with cyanide, killing herself and her 8- and 9-year-old sons. Her 14-year-old daughter refused her mother's order to drink the juice and called the police. Lee Kam had been upset about marital problems. • Walter Godefroot of Belgium won the 1978 Tour of Flanders classic cycle race. • Born:Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer with 51 caps for the Portugal national team; in LisbonAlex Gaumond, Canadian stage and film actor; in MontrealDmitry Byakov, Kazakh footballer with 33 caps for the Kazakhstan national team; in Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, Soviet UnionNaman Keïta, French Olympic track and field athlete, part of the relay team that won the 2003 World Championships; in ParisArtiom Tsepotan, Ukrainian chess International Master; in Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union • Rachel Stevens, English singer; in Southgate, LondonTakashi Ōhara, Japanese voice actor; in Yokohama, Japan • Died: • Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, CBE, MC, 94, Welsh architect, known for designing the Portmeirion folly village in the County of GwyneddVivian McGrath, 62, Australian tennis player, winner of the men's singles in the 1937 Australian OpenElmer Woggon, 79, American comic strip artist • René Carol (born Gerhard Tschierschnitz), 58, German Schlager singer • Allan Sproul, 82, American banker, former president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, died of a heart attack. ==April 10, 1978 (Monday)==
April 10, 1978 (Monday)
• Soviet diplomat Arkady Shevchenko, the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, who had been a CIA informant since 1975, defected to the United States. • Volkswagen became the second non-American automobile manufacturer (after Rolls-Royce from 1921 to 1931) to produce automobiles in the United States, as the first Volkswagen Rabbit rolled off the line at the Westmoreland Assembly plant near New Stanton, Pennsylvania. The Rabbit was the North American version of the Volkswagen Golf. The plant closed in 1988. • Christian residents of Beirut, Lebanon, fought a half-hour gun battle with Syrian peacekeeping troops that began when mourners firing rifles into the air at a funeral procession began firing on the Syrians. The previous day's fighting between Ain el-Rummaneh and Chyah tapered off but killed two more people, for a total death toll of at least seven, including a 13-year-old girl. • The body of Baron Charles Bracht, a wealthy Belgian businessman who at one time had been in the Winter Olympics as an alpine skier, was found in a garbage dump in Oelegem, a suburb of Antwerp. Bracht had been kidnapped in Antwerp on March 7. • A three-way traffic collision in Clair-Mel City, Florida, killed the driver of a tank truck and injured two other motorists. A cloud of ammonia gas escaped from the overturned truck, forcing several hundred people to evacuate. • A blackout across most of the Canadian province of Quebec lasted for almost two hours, leaving over 1.5 million homes without power. • The 1978 Family Circle Cup women's tennis tournament began on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. • Born:Katja Kettu (pen name for Katja Maaria Heikkinen), Finnish novelist and film producer known for her 2011 bestseller Kätilö, translated into English in 2016 as The Midwife and the 2015 film adaptation distributed in North America as Wildeye; in MuhosRustam Saparow, Turkmenistani footballer with 17 caps for the national team • Joe Pack, American freestyle skier and silver medalist in the 2002 Winter Olympics; in Eugene, OregonDied:Hjalmar Mäe, 76, Estonian collaborationist who led the Estonian Directorate, the puppet government of Reichskommissariat Ostland during the German occupation of Estonia during World War II. • Irma Lindheim, 91, American Zionist fundraiser and educator • Endre Sík, 87, Hungarian historian and politician, former Minister of Foreign AffairsAlbert Vollrat, 74, Estonian footballer and wrestler, later the manager of FC Spartak Moscow whose team won the Soviet Cup in 1946 and 1947 and manager of the Estonia national team in 1932 • Leo Michelson, 90, Latvian-American artist • Long John Nebel (born John Zimmerman), 66, New York City talk radio host, died of complications from cancer. ==April 11, 1978 (Tuesday)==
April 11, 1978 (Tuesday)
• After 10 days in which former First Lady of the United States Betty Ford was in an intervention by her family for substance abuse, including an addiction to alcohol and prescription narcotics, and Mrs. Ford's public acknowledgment of her problem, she checked herself in to a rehabilitation program at the Naval Regional Medical Center in Long Beach, California. Her public admission of an addiction problem would help remove the social stigma of seeking help for substance abuse, and lead to the establishment of the Betty Ford Center in 1982. • Born:Yury Maksimov, Russian entrepreneur and co-founder and the first CEO of Positive Technologies; in Fryazino, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet UnionMychael Knight, African-American fashion designer, American parents in Nuremberg, West GermanyBrett Claywell, American actor known for One Tree Hill and One Life to Live; in Greensboro, North CarolinaMarie Gaspard, French slalom canoeist and winner of the 2006 World Championship; in RemiremontBen Clymer, American NHL ice hockey defenceman; in Edina, MinnesotaJosh Hancock, American MLB baseball pitcher; in Cleveland, Mississippi (killed in auto accident, 2007) • Kevin Hulsmans, Belgian road bicycle racer; in LommelDied:Ian MacDonald (stage name for Ulva Pippy), 63, American actor known as the villain Frank Miller in the film High NoonGeorge C. Cory Jr., 57, American pianist and composer known for the melody for "I Left My Heart in San Francisco", committed suicide by drug overdose. • Lorenzo Cutugno, 31, Italian policeman for the Polizia Penitenziaria, was ambushed and killed by the Red Brigades terrorist group in Turin. ==April 12, 1978 (Wednesday)==
April 12, 1978 (Wednesday)
• The Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic), the largest of the 15 constituent republics of the USSR, adopted the Russian Constitution of 1978. As with the subnational constitutions adopted by other member states of the USSR, the purpose was consistency to bring the principles of the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union to each republic's laws. • The opera Le Grand Macabre, composed by György Ligeti, received its world premiere at the Königliche Oper Stockholm. • The foreign ministers of India and Pakistan signed a bilateral agreement to jointly build the Salal Dam, a hydroelectric power project to bring electricity to the disputed Kashmir region, claimed by both nations, with India administering the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and Pakistan governing the Azad Jammu Kashmir province. • In a racist hate crime, Betty Gardner, a 33-year-old African American woman, was raped, tortured and murdered in Saint Helena Island, South Carolina, by four white people who picked her up while she was hitchhiking. John Arnold, who had suggested killing her, and John Plath, who helped another woman would be convicted of her murder in February 1979; both of them would be executed by lethal injection in 1998. The execution was a rare instance of white perpetrators in the U.S. being executed for the murder of a black victim. According to a 2020 Associated Press report, in the 42 years that followed the 1977 resumption of executions in the U.S., "295 Black defendants were executed for killing a white victim, but only 21 white defendants were executed for the killing of a Black victim even though Black people are disproportionately the victims of crime." • Born:Stanislav Angelov, Bulgarian footballer with 39 caps for the Bulgaria national team; in SofiaLuca Argentero, Italian actor nominated for the David di Donatello for best actor for Different from Whom?, and star of Solo un padre; in TurinGuy Berryman, Scottish musician and bassist for the rock band Coldplay; in Kirkcaldy, FifeChristos Poyiatzis, Cypriot footballer with 6 caps for the Cyprus national team; in Famagustas • Andrés San Martín, Argentine footballer; in Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires ProvinceRiley Smith, American TV actor known for the CW series Nancy Drew; in Cedar Rapids, IowaLinda Ogugua, Nigerian Olympic basketball player; in Anambra State, Nigeria • Svetlana Lapina, Russian Olympic high jumper; in Makhachkala, Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union • John DeFilippo, pro football head coach for the minor United Football League; in Youngstown, Ohio ==April 13, 1978 (Thursday)==
April 13, 1978 (Thursday)
Sixteen people were killed at Amritsar in India's Punjab state, when rival sects of the Sikh religion fought each other at a convention in Amritsar of members of the Sant Nirankari Mission. Gurbachan Singh, the guru and leader of the Sant Nirankari sect, had obtained permission from the Punjab state government to hold a public celebration of the founding of the Khalsa religious order. At the same time, the leaders of two of the more traditional Sikh groups— Fauja Singh of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha and Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale of the Damdami Taksal — marched with 200 people from the Golden Temple toward the gathering of the Nirankaris, after which the clash ensued, leaving 16 of the traditional Sikhs and three of the Nirankaris dead. • The 43rd Amendment to the Constitution of India, restoring human rights that had been taken away in 1977 during the administration of Indira Gandhi, took effect upon ratification by 18 of India's 22 states, and repealed the 42nd Amendment, which had added six articles that had given India's Parliament broad power to enforce Gandhi's decrees, and prohibited the India Supreme Court from declaring a law unconstitutional. • The first of three assassination attempts against Spanish politician José Larrañaga Arenas took place in Spain in San Sebastián in the province of Gipuzkoa. Larrañaga was wounded when two people shot him from a car, fracturing his left leg. Earlier in the day, an early-morning attempted car bombing at the offices of ADEGUI (Asociación Democrática Empresarial de Guipúzcoa) injured one of the perpetrators, who surrendered to French authorities after fleeing across the border. Larrañaga was wounded in the chest in a second shooting on April 10, 1980, and the third assassination attempt by the Basque ETA terrorist group, on December 31, 1984, would be successful. • In the course of the "Dirty War" in Argentina, lawyer and Montoneros activist Eduardo Héctor Garat, 32, was kidnapped on a street corner in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe, and became one of the many desaparecidos who disappeared and were never heard from again. • Born:Carles Puyol, Spanish footballer with 100 caps for the Spain national team from 2000 to 2013, and 392 for FC Barcelona in La Liga, winner of the One Club Man Award (2018) and the Don Balón Award for La Liga's breakthrough player (2001); in La Pobla de Segur, CataloniaKyle Howard, American TV actor, star of WB's Run of the House and Your Family or Mine on TBS; in Loveland, ColoradoFarrukh Amonatov, Tajikistani chess grandmaster; in Dushanbe, Tajik SSR, Soviet UnionAntoni Sivera, Andorran footballer with 22 caps for the Andorra national team • Arron Asham, Canadian NHL ice hockey right winger; in Portage la Prairie, ManitobaDied:Paul McGrath, 74, American radio, film, stage and TV actor best known for the NBC radio program My Son JeepFunmilayo Ransome-Kuti, 77, Nigerian suffragist and women's rights activist, died from injuries suffered on February 18, 1977, from being thrown out of window by Nigerian government soldiers. • Violetta Thurstan, 99, English wartime nurse during World War One and author of Field Hospital and Flying ColumnJack Chambers, 47, Canadian artist and filmmaker • William Rees-Thomas CB FRCP FRSM, 90, Welsh psychiatrist • Ernst Bantle, 77, German international footballer ==April 14, 1978 (Friday)==
April 14, 1978 (Friday)
Thousands of Georgians demonstrated in Tbilisi, capital of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the 15 republics of the USSR, to protest an attempt by government of the Soviet Union to change the status of the Georgian language from being Georgia's sole official language, and adding Russian as the primary form for documents. Georgian Communist Party First Secretary Eduard Shevardnadze was able to persuade Leonid Brezhnev and the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party to drop its efforts to make Russian universal. April 14 is now celebrated as the Day of the Georgian Language. • In Rhodesia, nine black ministers were sworn in to serve on the Ministerial Council of the Transitional Government. • Abel Mthembu, former deputy president of the African National Congress in the Transvaal, was murdered after turning state witness at the Pretoria ANC trial. • In India, the government-controlled Samachar News Agency, created in 1976 by the forcible merger of the four independent agencies, was dissolved and split into its four original organizations, reviving United News of India, Press Trust of India (PTI), Hindustan Samachar and Samachar Bharati. • Born:Toni Söderholm, Finnish ice hockey defenceman and coach, winner of trophies in Finland's Liiga for rookie of the year (2003), best defenseman (2004), best player in the playoffs (2011) and most effective player (2012); in KauniainenTony Bombardieri, Italian Olympic figure skater, winner of the Italian championship in 1997 and 1998; in BergamoRoland Lessing, Estonian Olympic biathlete; in Tartu, Estonian SSR, Soviet UnionGeorgina Harland, British Olympic modern pentathlete; in Canterbury, Kent, England • Louisy Joseph (born Lydy Louisy-Joseph), French singer; in Vénissieux, Lyon Metropolis, France • Sorin Botiș, Romanian footballer; in Arad, RomaniaDied:Joe Gordon, 63, American MLB baseball player, 1942 MVP of the American League, 2009 posthumous inductee to the Baseball Hall of Fame • Mauk Weber, 64, Dutch footballer with 27 caps for the Netherlands national team in the 1930s • F. R. Leavis , 82, English literary criticArline Pretty, 92, American silent film actress known as the star of Tipped Off (1923) and co-star in The Girl on the Stairs (1924) • James McKee, 61, and Robert McCullough, 27, in separate incidents in Northern Ireland; McKee, a Protestant member of the Ulster Defence Regiment, was shot and killed by the Irish Republican Army while driving a school bus in Creggan, County Tyrone and McCullough was shot and killed by the Ulster Volunteer Force at his home in Newtownabbey, County Antrim. ==April 15, 1978 (Saturday)==
April 15, 1978 (Saturday)
• The derailment of two trains in Italy killed 48 people and injured 117 others near the town of Murazze di Vado in the Province of Bologna. Express train 572-B had been traveling north from Florence to Bologna, while the train Rapido 813 was traveling south from Bolzano toward Rome. Shortly after noon, Train 572-B derailed after heavy rain caused a landslide to spill over the railroad, and several cars plunged into a ravine, while a locomotive was pushed across both the northbound and southbound tracks. Minutes later, Rapido 813 crashed into 572-B's derailed engine. Two engineers on 572-B were killed, while the front four passenger cars of Rapido 813 fell into a ravine, killing 46 of the people on board. • Four people were killed and 31 injured at the Squaw Valley Ski Resort in the U.S. state of California when the aerial car on which they were riding came off one of its cables and dropped . On the way down, it collided with another cable that sheared through the car. • The Freedom From Religion Foundation was incorporated as a nonprofit organization by Anne Nicol Gaylor in Madison, Wisconsin. , it claimed 36,000 members. • Pope Paul VI lifted a 19-year ban against display and veneration of the image of the Divine Mercy (Miłosierdzia Bożego) in Poland, a practice that had been started in 1934 by Sister Faustina Kowalska after her vision of Jesus Christ and her recording in her diary of the initial vision and later encounters. Images had been painted by Eugeniusz Kazimirowski in 1934 and by Adolf Hyla. • West Germany's knockout football cup competition, the DFB-Pokal, was won by 1. FC Köln, 2 to 0, over Fortuna Düsseldorf after starting with 128 competitors. The championship game was played in front of 70,000 people at the Parkstadion in Gelsenkirchen. • The 1978 European Badminton Championships, played in Preston, Lancashire, England, concluded after three days, with England winning three of the events and Denmark two. • Born:Chris Stapleton, American country singer, guitarist and songwriter, winner of 10 Grammy Awards, 11 Academy of Country Music (ACM) Awards, and 15 Country Music Association (CMA) Awards; in Lexington, KentuckyLuis Fonsi, Puerto Rican singer and songwriter, 2017 American Music Award winner for favorite pop/rock song for "Despacito"; in San Juan, Puerto RicoHelena Costa, Portuguese football manager who coached the Qatar national women's team (2010–2012) and the Iran national women's team (2012–2014); in Alhandra, São João dos Montes e Calhandriz, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal • Soumaïla Coulibaly, Malian footballer with 57 caps for the Mali national team; in BamakoGiorgi Latso (stage name for Giorgi Latsabidze), Georgian-born American concert pianist and composer; in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union